getting familiar with web pages 1 2 the internet worldwide collection of interconnected computer...
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Getting Familiar with Web Pages
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Getting Familiar with Web Pages
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The Internet • Worldwide collection of interconnected
computer networks that enables businesses,
organizations, governments, and individuals
to communicate in a variety of ways.
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Types of ConnectionsDial-Up
Inexpensive but slow Involves a modem and a phone line
DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)Faster
Cable modem, satellite, and fiber-optic access Wireless transmitters
Internet service providers (ISPs)Companies that help you connect to Internet
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Connection SpeedsDial-Up
Slowest access to Internet Up to 56 kilobits per second, or Kbps
DSL3 megabits per second, or Mbps
Cable ModemsUp to 30 Mbps
A web page that takes about 20 seconds to download via dial-up can take less than a second using a cable modem.
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Communication StandardsInternet relies on protocols or rules that
dictate how computers and networks talk to each other.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)Rules that control how Internet messages flow
between computersHypertext Transfer Protocol, (HTTP)
Rules that determine how browsers should request Web pages ad how server computers should deliver them
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World Wide WebGiant collection of documents, or pages,
stored on computers around the globe. Called the Web
Web pages are stored on serversInternet-connected computers running
software that allows them to serve up information to other computers.
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URLs and LinksEvery page on the Web has a unique address
Called a URL Uniform Resource Locator
Http://www.example.com/index.html
Hyperlinks or linksClickable words or images on Web pages.
Every link is associated with a URL Makes is easier to jump from one Web page to
another
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BrowsersWeb browser-Software that allows you to
view and interact with Web pagesMost popular
Microsoft Internet ExplorerMozilla FirefoxApple Safari
Each browser may display your pages slightly differently depending on the version
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Getting Familiar with Web Pages
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HTMLBuild Web Pages using HTML
Hypertext Markup LanguageMade up of text content and special codes known
as tags Tags tell Web browsers how to display content
HTMLPlatform independent
You can view Web pages on any computer operating system Windows Mac Linux
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HTML TagsHTML is made up of text combined with
special instructions called tags.Tags tell a browser how to organize and
present text, images, and other Web page content. Tags are surrounded by brackets, < > Written using an opening tag and a closing tag that
surround content Can use upper or lower case letters
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Rendering HTMLWhen a browser displays a Web page
it retrieves the HTML file for that page from a server
Looks at the HTML tags to see how the content should be formatted
Shows the page
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HTML StandardsThe World Wide Web Consortium
W3C Primary group guiding the evolution of the HTML
language.W3C is made up of hundreds of companies and
organizations; leaders in industry include: Microsoft Apple Google
Set guidelines to web developers www.w3.org
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HTML VersionsMost recent version of HTML is 4.01
Includes more than 90 different HTML tagsVery important because it allows developers to
apply more precise formatting to Web pages. Next generation/version of HTML
right now the W3C is developing HTML 5 www.whatwg.org/html5
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XHTMLExtensible Hypertext Markup Language
Web pages that conforms to the stricter standards of XML or Extensible Markup Language.
Uses many of the same tags as HTML, but has more rules.
Most modern browsers can read both HTML and XHTML. We are only going to learn HTML!!
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Getting Familiar with Web Pages
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Explore Web Browsers
Software that can retrieve HTML documents from the Web, go through the HTML instructions, and display the resulting Web pages.
You can also use the Web browser to test
your work.
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FINDING A BROWSERMost computer operating systems come with
a Web browser already installed. Microsoft Vista computers
Internet Explorer browserApple Mac computers
Safari browserAnother increasingly popular browser is
Mozilla Firefox. Many web browsers interpret HTML
essentially the same way, but have to write HTML code and test pages carefully.
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Getting Familiar with Web Pages
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Simple Text EditorsSimple text editors or plain-test editors are
easy to findMicrosoft windows
NotepadApple Mac
TextEdit
Wikipedia has a list of free and commercial text editors at http://wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_text_editors
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HTML Editors
Adobe Dreamweaver and Microsoft Expression
Programs for writing HTML code and managing Web pages.
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Understanding HTML SyntaxWriting HTML
Tags determine how page content is organized and formatted.
Tags consist of words or abbreviations surrounded by angle brackets, < >. This code creates a paragraph in your page. <P> Hello, world!</P>
Tags can be written using upper or lowercase letters. All of these versions are legal
<BR> <br> <Br>As a class, we are going to type tag names in
uppercase to tell it apart from other code.23
Tag StructureCertain HTML tags identify different part of
your HTML document<BODY> and </BODY> tags surround the
main body content that appears in the browser window
<HEAD> and </HEAD> tags surround accessory information that does not appear directly in the browser window.
Some tags have opening and closing and some stand alone.
All closing tags must always include a slash (/) before the tag name
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