gestault laws & elements lec3

7/28/2019 Gestault Laws & Elements Lec3

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Rene Magritte; This is not a pipe

Questioning the role of creativity, seeing, art, artist, image and viewer

Design is the conscious effort to impose a meaningful order. Papanik


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What Is Good/Bad Taste?

Given: Mainstream, Manufactured, the make belief world,

Print & electronic media, film, architecture, advertizing

You are what you have. Our life can change if we buy different

Anxiety about money, discontent, Fear, Inadequacy

Persuasion by showing transformed people, images of alternative way of life

Envy, Manufacturing Glamour

Model is the god/goddess, Perfected humansMediated communication

Issues

Milk, Water, Ice cream, Tobacco, Soft drinks, Junk food, medicines

Acquired: Classical, Generational, Continuity, History & HeritageSound; language, literature. Image; icons (Buddha, Jesus)

Architecture; monuments

Fine Arts

Unmediated communication


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Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization?

Gestalt (Shape or form) psychology was founded by German thinkersMax Wertheimer(April 15, 1880 October 12, 1943) Wolfgang Kohler

and Kurt Koffka and focused on how people interpret the world.Max Wertheimer noted that rapid sequences of perceptual events,

such as rows of flashing lights, create the illusion of motion even when

there is none. This is known as the phi phenomenon. Motion pictures

are based upon this principle, with a series of still images appearing in

rapid succession to form a seamless visual experience.


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All of these principles of perceptual organization serve the overarchingprinciple ofpragnnz (German for conciseness) , which is that

the simplest and most stable interpretations are favored.

What the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization suggest is that we

may be predisposed towards interpreting ambiguous images in one wayrather than another by universal principles.

We may accept such a proposition at the same time as accepting that suchpredispositions may also be generated by other factors.

Similarly, we may accept the Gestalt principles whilst at the same timeregarding other aspects of perception as being learned and culturally

variable rather than innate. The Gestalt principles can be seen as reinforcing the notion that the world

is not simply and objectively 'out there' but is constructed in the processof perception.

Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization?


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Characters, punctuation

Words, numbers

Sentences, paragraphs

Story

Structuring verbal information

Verbal elements such as words are used to form sentences.Visual information can be arranged in much the same way.

Points, lines, shapes

Type, pictures, space

Layout

DESIGN

Component

Vocabulary

Syntax

Message


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Creative

thought

Gestalt

laws

Good

design

Visual Perception

The way we see things is affected by what we know or what we believe -

John Berger

The mind does not simply record an exact image of the world but creates

its own 'picture' - Irvin Rock


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We thrive in information thick worlds because of

our marvelous and everyday capacity to select, edit,

single out, structure, highlight, group, pair, merge,

harmonize, synthesize, focus, organize, condense,

reduce, boil down, choose, categorize, catalog,

classify, list, abstract, scan, look into, idealize,isolate, discriminate, distinguish, screen, pigeonhole,

pick over, sort, integrate, blend, inspect, filter, lump,

skip, smooth, chunk, average, approximate, cluster,

aggregate, outline, summarize, itemize, review, dip

into, flit through, browse, glance into, leaf through,

skim, refine, glean, synopsize, winnow the wheat

from the chaff and separate the sheep from the

goats. Edward Tufte

Visual Perception


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Grid in Graphic Design

Alignment is an extension ofproximity. It has to do with

placing items so that they line

up. Alignment is a concept that

produces both grouping and

organizes information to create

order.


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Similarity & Anomaly


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Ying Yang Sign. Equal division of black and white surface

creates a tension that gives life to the design.


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good form


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This is an illustration of the concept of totality you grasp the "totality" of something

before worrying about the details.

The whole is different than the sum of its parts; not greater, not less than, just

different.


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Law of Common Fate

The common fate principle states that elements tend to be perceived as

grouped together if they move together.


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"Basically, we seem to have an

innate tendency to perceive one

aspect of an event as the figure

or fore-ground and the other as

the ground or back-ground."

[Boeree,2000]

Law of Figure and Ground


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A design for a ring using the solid and void in a figure

ground relationship


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Painting by Escher


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Past Experience

This means that past experience and context have an effect of how we interpret

and group elements.
http://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Image:Past.gifhttp://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Image:Past2.gifhttp://www.infovis-wiki.net/index.php?title=Image:Past3.gif


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The mind does not simply record an exact image of the world but creates

its own 'picture' - Irvin Rock

The following illustration demonstrates how a door appears to change shape as it is

opened. Shape constancy ensures that we are not typically conscious of this.


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The Third Dimension

As part of our imposition of meaning on what we see we seem to seek to turn images

into objects where possible.

The desire to interpret in depth seems to be very strong in us if we are familiar

(however unconsciously) with linear perspective.


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Left and right dynamics

Any pictorial object looks heavier on the right side of the picture

The observer identifies with the left side.e.g. Importance of left side on

the stage

Pictorial movement to the right is perceived easier.

The visual center of any page is just slightly above and to the right of the

actual (mathematical) center. This tends to be the natural placement of

visual focus, and is also sometimes referred to as museum height.


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The classical Greek temple uses many optical corrections to

create the illusion of a perfect form.


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http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.ht

m

Note: The material from these websites is used in this presentation

http://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentation

http://www.interaction-

design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.html

http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/lectures.html

http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10

220/visper01.html

Reading for quiz tomorrow
http://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htmhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/lectures.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/visper01.htmlhttp://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC10220/lectures.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.interaction-design.org/encyclopedia/gestalt_principles_of_form_perception.htmlhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://www.slideshare.net/chelsc/gestalt-laws-and-design-presentationhttp://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htmhttp://psychology.about.com/od/sensationandperception/ss/gestaltlaws.htm


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Blocks

Perceptual

Emotional

Associational

Cultural

Professional

Intellectual

Environmental

We all experience the above blocks

Quiz 1. marks 3%


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Quiz 1. marks 3%

1. Please define & explain the following laws of visual perception

( 20 marks)

1. Law of proximity

2. Law of similarity

3. Law of closure

4. Law of Pragnanz (good form)

5. Law of continuity6. Law of common fate

7. Law of figure & ground

8. Law of past experience

9. Right left dynamics

10. Optical illusion

2. write a short note on visual perception (10 marks)


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Composition

Line

Shape and Form

Space

Color

Texture

Elements of Design


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CompositionThe arrangement and order determined by the artist.

Composition creates a hierarchy within the work, which tells the viewer

the relative importance of the imagery and elements included.


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Symmetrical compositions

Convey a sense of stability

vertical line bisecting the image

would create two equal halves that

are mirror images of one another.


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Asymmetrical compositions

Convey a sense of movement since the elements of the composition are

unbalanced.


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LineA line is an identifiable path created by a point moving in space.

It is one-dimensional and can vary in width, direction, and length.

Lines often define the edges of a form.

Lines can be horizontal, vertical, or diagonal, straight or curved, thick or thin.


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Horizontal lines suggest a feeling of rest or repose because objects parallel to the earth

are at rest. In this landscape, horizontal lines also help give a sense of space. They also

imply continuation of the landscape beyond the picture plane to the left and right.


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Vertical lines often communicate a sense of height because they are perpendicular to

the earth, extending upwards toward the sky.


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Diagonal lines convey a

feeling of movement.

Objects in a diagonal

position are unstable.

Because they are neithervertical nor horizontal,

they are either about to

fall or are already in

motion.


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The curve of a line can convey energy. Soft, shallow curves recall the curves of the

human body and often have a pleasing, sensual quality and a softening effect on the

composition.


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Shape and formShape and form define objects in

space.

Shapes have two dimensionsheight and widthand are usually

defined by lines.

Forms exist in three dimensions,

with height, width, and depth.


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Organic shapes and forms are typically irregular or asymmetrical.

Organic shapes are often found in nature, but man-made shapes can

also imitate organic forms.


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SpaceReal space is three-

dimensional. Space in a work

of art refers to a feeling of

depth or three dimensions. It

can also refer to the artist's

use of the area within the

picture plane. The area around

the primary objects in a work

of art is known as negative

space, while the spaceoccupied by the primary

objects is known as positive

space.

Positive and negative spaceThe relationship of positive to negative space can greatly affect the impact of a work of art. In

this drawing, the man and his shadow occupy the positive space, while the white space

surrounding him is the negative space. The disproportionate amount of negative space

accentuates the figure's vulnerability and isolation.


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Three-dimensional spaceThe perfect illusion of three-dimensional space in a two-dimensional work of

art is something that many artists labored to achieve. The illusion of space is

achieved through perspective drawing techniques and shading .


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Linear Perspective


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Empirical Perspective in

Mughal Miniature


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"I felt dissatisfied withtraditional perspective.

Merely a mechanical

process, this perspective

never conveys things in

full. It starts from one

viewpoint and never

gets away from it. [] It

is as though someone

were to draw profiles all

his life, leading people

to think that a man hadonly one eye." (Braque)


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ColorLight reflected off objects. red, green, blue, etc.

Value describes the brightness of color. Artists use color value to create different moods. Darkcolors in a composition suggest a lack of light, as in a night or interior scene. Dark colors can often

convey a sense of mystery or foreboding.

Intensitydescribes the purity or strength of a color. Bright colors are undiluted and are often

associated with positive energy and heightened emotions. Dull colors have been diluted by

mixing with other colors and create a sedate or serious mood.

Color


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Color

Light reflected off objects. Color has three main characteristics:

hue (red, green, blue, etc.), value(how light or dark it is), and

intensity (how bright or dull it is). Colors can be described as

warm (red, yellow) or cool (blue, gray), depending on which

end of the color spectrum they fall.

Value describes the brightness of color. Artists use color value to create

different moods. Dark colors in a composition suggest a lack of light, as

in a night or interior scene. Dark colors can often convey a sense of

mystery or foreboding.

Intensity describes the purity or strength of a color. Bright colors areundiluted and are often associated with positive energy and

heightened emotions. Dull colors have been diluted by mixing with

other colors and create a sedate or serious mood.


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Texture

The surface quality of

an object that we

sense through touch.

All objects have a

physical texture.

Artists can also

convey texture

visually in two

dimensions.


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Texture

In a two-dimensional work of art, texture gives a visual sense of how an

object depicted would feel in real life if touched: hard, soft, rough, smooth,

hairy, leathery, sharp, etc. In three-dimensional works, artists use actual

texture to add a tactile quality to the work.


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Grading:

Attendance 10%Quiz 10% (2%x5)

Research Presentations 20% (10% & 10%)Mid term exam 20%Final exam 40%

Instructor: Shahid MirzaCell# 0300-4712622

Contact: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

gestault laws & elements lec3

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