1.Germination and Metabolic processes By: Edgardo Acevedo, Carlos Vega

2. Table of contents Pollination Fertilization Germination Diagram Germination Germination Video Metabolic processes 3. Pollination Refers to transfer of pollen grains from theanther to the carpel Usually done by insects, wind or water movement Ex: Bees transfer pollen when they are collecting nectar 4. Fertilization/Seed dispersal Fertilization is the fusion of male and femalegametes to form a new organism Pollination does not always lead to fertilization Seed dispersal is the moving of seeds awayfrom the parent plant to reduce competition 5. Germination 6. Germination diagram 7. Diagram of a dicotyledonous 8. Germination To allow germination to take place, the seedsdormancy must be broken Each species has its own way of achieving this Successful seed germination needs: Oxygen Water Suitable temperature 9. Germination cont. Oxygen Needed to act as a final electron acceptor in theprocess of aerobic respiration Which then releases the required energy forgermination Water Taken up by the seed Making it swell Testa will crack and hydrolytic enzymes are activated Start to break down large molecules Ex: starch to maltose 10. Germination cont. Temperature Needs to be suitable Varies with each type of plant Depends on natural environment Some plants need low temperature followed byhigher temperature to break dormancy Ensures seed will not germinate until the winter haspassed a 11. Germination video 12. Metabolic processes 13. Key biochemicals in MetabolicProcesses Amino acids and proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleotides Coenzymes Minerals and cofactors 14. Amino acids and proteins Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linearchain and joined together by peptide bonds. Many proteins are the enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. Some proteins have structural or mechanical functions also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion,active transport across membranes 15. Lipids main structural uses are as part of biologicalmembranes such as the cell membrane, or asa source of energy. usually defined as hydrophobic oramphipathic Hydrophobic- water fearing Amphipathic-water loving and fat loving 16. Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones with many hydroxylgroups can be straight chains or rings 17. Nucleotides act as coenzymes in metabolic group transferreactions Are molecules that when joined make up thestructural units of RNA and DNA The two nucleic acids: DNA and RNA Polymers of nucleotides each nucleotide is comprised a phosphate group a ribose sugar group, and a nitrogenous base 18. Coenzymes 19. Minerals and cofactors 20. Extra Help Interactive exercise 21. Bibliography "Biology, 3rd Edition." IB Source, InternationalBaccalaureate, IBO, International BaccalaureateOrganization. Web. 15 Oct. 2011. . "HowStuffWorks Videos "Assignment Discovery:Germination of a Seed"" HowStuffWorks Videos "VideoChannel" Web. 15 Oct. 2011.. "Time Lapse Radish Seeds Sprouting, Top and RootsGrowing - YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 15Oct. 2011..