geovisualization for civic engagement and smart...
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GEOVISUALIZATION FOR CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AND SMART CITIES
Alenka Poplin
Iowa State University
Map source: www.orangesmile.com
HOME….
Map source: www.orangesmile.com
planned shopping mall or a
refugee camp
IMAGINE….
PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Many still require physical presence
• Town-hall meetings
• Round tables
• Lectures | presentations
Top-down communication
• Protests
• Lack of trust
• Rational ignorance
“Good – let’s say we agree”
Cartoon by Pierre Kroll
HETEROGENEOUS USERS | ALL PARTICIPANTS
PLAYFUL PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
play
total immersion in the activity
joy and connection
achievement | challenge
BEING IN THE FLOW complete absorption in what one does, an optimal experience (Csikszentmihalyi 1994)
ONLINE PLAYFUL PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
The central elements are PLAY, JOY and the state of BEING IN THE FLOW.
Possible implementations:
Digital storytelling: visual with the help of multimedia, 3D visualization, music
and virtual reality
Walking and moving: “movable planning“ (Rottenbacher 2004)
Sketching and drawing: argumentation maps (Rinner 2001), geo-referenced
drawings
Games | GeoGames: games designed to do more than just entertain (Michael &
Chen, 2005)
DIGITAL GEOGAMES
• GeoGames | games with a spatial component; visualization
of Earth and/or parts of it
• Space can be:
City | Village | Neighborhood | Marketplace | Park
Corn field | Room | Building,….
Often: realistic representation of a space | 2D or 3D
GAY-ə or GAH-yə; from Ancient Greek Γαῖα, a poetical form of ΓῆGē, Ge, "land" or "earth"
GEOVISUALIZATION
• Visualization of geographic data | online maps
• Tools and techniques for analysis of geographic data | geographic information systems (GIS)
• International Cartographic Association (ICA) commission on GeoVisualization
Source: www.hot-map.com
ARGUMENTATION MAPS
Opinion Object
Message_ID
Author
Date
Argument_Type
Title
Text
Geographic Object
Object_ID
Shape
Centroid (Position)
Area / Length
Time
This newly plannedwind system is too bigand I don´t like itslocation.
GEOGRAPHIC AND OPINION OBJECTS
Geographic object. An information
entity that represents a real-world
feature or a planned feature in its
geometry and its properties.
Opinion object/Argumentation
Element. A classified electronic
message expressing a personal
opinion about the observed
world.
Geo-opinion relation. A reference
from an opinion to a geographic
object and vice-versaRinner (2001): Argumentation maps
MODELING RELATIONS
The relations between the opinion and geographic objects have to be added: opinion objects can refer to one or more geographic objects, and geographic objects can be referenced by one or more opinions.
Relations: one-to-many, many-to-one, one-to-one, one-to-many
SERIOUS GEOGAMES
Entertaining games with non-entertainment goals
(Ritterfeld, Cody and Vorderer 2009)
Games designed for more than just fun
Games for change
Learning or training games
THE MAIN FOCUS OF OUR RESEARCH
How to design meaningful/ serious geogames for planning?
Can digital serious geogames attract more people to participate in
planning processes?
Can digital serious geogames improve communication between
urban planners/politicians and citizens?
EXAMPLE 1: MARKETPLACE IN HAMBURG
Can we design a virtual, game-basedenvironment which will enable the citizens to express their wishes
to redesign the marketplace?
A project financed by German fundingagency DAAD
In collaboration with Florida Atlantic University
B3 GAME – DESIGN YOUR MARKETPLACE!
B3 – DESIGN YOUR MARKETPLACE!
Personal submissions Personal design of the
marketplace Created, saved and uploaded
Interaction among players Interaction with experts Chat option Commenting option Voting for the best design
EXAMPLE 2: DHARAVI SLUM IN INDIA
More than 1 mio inhabitants | 230 hektares (557 acres)
The master plan presented by the government was not accepted
by the inhabitants and other stakeholders (2013).
YOUPLACEIT! | NEGOTIATION GAME
The game starts with oneof the players proposing aplan to develop an area.
Digital pins
Collaboration withInternational Instituteof Information TechnologyHyderabad, India
http://54.148.146.38/urban_planning/
YOUPLACEIT! | NEGOTIATIONS
The players take turns to:
raise objections on proposed plans
negotiate the price or
agree with the suggestions
of other players.
YOUPLACEIT! | FINDING CONSENSUS
EXAMPLE3: SKETCHING
Using sketching in a public debateabout the use of the public space
Natural preservation vs. recreational activities in Wilhelmsburg, Hamburg
The comments were stored in a geographic information system (GIS)database
EXAMPLE3: SKETCHING
Draw lines or points:
Grill places
Kayaking
Canoeing
Walking the dog
Jogging
DIGITAL GEOGAMES | CHALLENGES
How fun can a serious geogame be?
Reliability of the results
Trusting the system | players | concept
Lack of understanding of the user´s experience
GeoVisualization | use of maps
Usability
The use of media
Complex operations
Differentiation of participatory options
DIGITAL GEOGAMES | OPPORTUNITIES
B3 Game – Design your Marketplace!
Tested with students and a group of elderly
90% liked the idea of a playful public participation
Easily accessible because its online | wheel chair or
some other physical disabilities
Successful serious geogames for planning:
Stimulate the players to return to the game
Enable socializing | building online communities
Include game analytics
DIGITAL GEOGAMES | OPPORTUNITIES
Enable to concentrate on a specific urban planning situation within a limited
context of a game.
Experimenting with different realities, roles, and perspectives.
Playful public participation | civic engagement:
• Easier/playful access to the information
• Better understanding of the discussed issues
• Better informed citizens
• Informed decisions
IMAGINE …. FUTURE | SMART CITIES
sustainable – efficient – green
• Smart transportation
• Efficient energy
• Novel ways of citizen’s engagement
• Smart governance
Obama Administration | September 2015 | new “Smart Cities”
Initiative that will invest over $160 million in federal research
SENSORS PROVIDING DIGITAL DATA
Implantable technologyBiohackers | surgical operations that took 15 min, carried out by Swedish tattoo artist Jowan ÖsterlundMeasures biomedical data
http://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/biohackers-insert-glowing-leds-their-hands
EMERGING NOVEL FORMS OF GEOGAMES
Crowd-Sourcing GeoGames
Collecting sensitive/personal data
Multi-agent GeoGames
Learning
Simulation
Examples | Energy efficiency• Energy-human behavior• Energy consumption and
saving• Human-built environments
interaction
GEOGAMES LAB
TACK SÅ MYCKET
Alenka Poplin
Iowa State University
facebook/geogameslab
PUBLICATIONS
Poplin, A. 2015. How User-Friendly are Online Interactive Maps? Survey Based on Experiments with Heterogeneous Users, Cartography and Geographic Information Science, Taylor & Francis, ISSN: 1545-0465, DOI: 10.1080/15230406.2014.991427.
Poplin, A. 2014. Digital serious game for urban planning: B3 – Design your Marketplace!, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Volume 41 (3), 493-511.
Tóth, E. and Poplin, A. 2014. ParticiPécs – a cooperative game fostering learning about the built environment and urban planning, 17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science (AGILE 2014), Workshop Geogames and Geoplay, Castellón, Spain.
Vemuri, K., Poplin, A. and Monachesi, P. 2014. YouPlaceIt!: a Serious Digital Game for Achieving Consensus in Urban Planning, 17th AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science (AGILE 2014), Workshop Geogames and Geoplay, Castellón, Spain.
Reinart, B. and Poplin, A. 2014. Games in urban planning – a comparative study, in the proceedings of Real CORP 2014, International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society (CORP 2014), Vienna, Austria.
Tóth, E. and Poplin, A. 2013. Cooperative Learning Games – a Successful Tool for Promoting Children’s Participation in Urban Planning?, in the proceedings of Future and Reality of Gaming (FROG) conference, Vienna, Austria.
Tóth, E. and Poplin, A. 2013. Pop-up Pest: An Educational Game for Active Participation of Children in Urban Planning, in the proceedings of Real CORP 2013, International Conference on Urban Planning and Regional Development in the Information Society (CORP), May 20-23, Rom, Italy.
Poplin, A., Corso, G. and M.C. Furtado Rocha. 2013. The Participatory Cube – a Framework for Analysis of Online Participation Platforms, chapter in the book: Planning Support Systems for Sustainable Urban Development, Springer Verlag.
Poplin, A. 2012. Web-based PPGIS for Wilhelmsburg, Germany: an Integration of Interactive GIS-based Maps with an Online Questionnaire, Special Issue of the Journal of Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA), Vol. 25, No. 2, 71-84.
EQUALITY PRIVACY
Anti-drone camouflage
http://www.wired.com/2013/01/anti-drone-camouflage-apparel/