Georgia’s Growth

and Expansion

Alexander McGillivray

- Creek Chief who met with President George Washington

- Signed the Treaty of New York in 1790

- Land between Ogeechee and Oconee Rivers

- Treaty promised no settlers moving west; Georgians not happy and ignore the treaty

Read pages 195-196

Chief William McIntosh

- Creek chief who signed an “unauthorized” treaty with the whites

- He was killed by his own people for this act of treason ($200,000)

Land Ceded in Treaty of Indian Springs (1825) - Chief McIntosh

signed this land

away for personal

gain

Hall's Original County Map of Georgia (1895)

Sequoyah - Cherokee who

developed a written Cherokee language called the “Syllabary”

- Got his idea from the “talking leaves” of the whites

Chief John Ross - Cherokee chief at the

time of the Trail of Tears

- Worked desperately to avoid removal

- Carried a petition with thousands of names to U.S. Congress

Note how he and other figures are

dressed

Gold Rush

Dahlonega Gold Rush -1828-1829

-First Gold Rush in

the U.S.

-U.S. Mint built in

Dahlonega (‘38-’61)

-Increases pressure

on Creek/Cherokee

Worchester vs Georgia • U.S. Supreme Court case involving citizen

rights (note: Native Americans not considered U.S. citizens)

• Georgia law “forced” all whites living in Indian lands to swear an oath of allegiance

• Worchester refused • Despite being jailed, Worchester stuck with

his principles • U.S. Supreme Court sided with Worchester • President Jackson refused to enforce the

Supreme Court decision, helping to clear the way for Indian removal

Andrew Jackson - U.S. President at the time

of the Worchester v Georgia decision

- Refused to enforce the Supreme Court decision (unprecedented)

- “John Marshall has rendered his decision, now let him enforce it.”

John Marshall

- Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court during the Worchester v Georgia case

Toward the Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears

-Forced removal of Indians

-(Law) Indian Removal act of 1830

-Moved to Oklahoma -+/- 100,000 moved

Max D. Standley, “Trail of Tears”, 1995

University of Georgia - Land Grant University

(land provided by Federal government)

- 1785 – Gained charter - 1801 – First class enters

Changing Capitals -Why would Georgia’s capital move at these times? -Louisville

Spread of Baptist and Methodist -During the Revolution, churches provided ‘organization’ for Georgians -Governors encouraged rebuilding of churches -Circuit Riders

Revivals & Camp Meetings - They were all day affairs where

people gathered to hear sermons and

socialize with friends.

- People lived in rural farms, isolated

from other people, so it was a great

opportunity to socialize.

Yazoo Land Fraud • State Legislators and Governor

involved • Bribed by land companies • Pennies on the dollar for land • RESULTS: • Political mistrust • GA’s Western Boundary moves to

current location • The federal government paid

millions to settle the Yazoo land fraud and argued against Georgia’s right to the land.

Distributing Land

Indian Land Cessions in

Georgia, 1733-1835

Land Lottery Notes

• White men, over 21 who were the heads of a household could enter a drawing for a chance to win land

The Headright System • The Headright

system was developed to give up the land that had been taken from the Native Americans.

The Headright System • Here is how it worked: • Each white male counted as a "head" of a

family • He had the "right" to receive up to 1,000

acres of land • WHITE, MALE, HEAD of HOUSEHOLD

Impact of Cotton Gin and Railroads

Early Cotton (En)Gin(e)

American Cotton Production (Bales)

Make a bar graph in your notes

Georgia Population Growth

Evaluate the impact of changing transportation technologies

With a partner: 1. Evaluate the correlation of cotton producing counties to railroad lines 2. Evaluate the location of railroad junctions and major rivers in Georgia

Questions and Comments