georgia high school graduation test
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The Science Test. Georgia High School Graduation Test. GHSGT Structure & Properties of Matter Review. Bohr’s Energy Levels. In the Bohr model there were distinct energy levels where electrons could exist. 1 st energy level holds 2 electrons 2 nd energy level holds 8 electrons - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Georgia High School Graduation Test
The Science Test
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GHSGT Structure & Properties of Matter Review
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Bohr’s Energy Levels
In the Bohr model there were distinct energy levels where electrons could exist.
1st energy level holds 2 electrons
2nd energy level holds 8 electrons
3rd energy level holds 8 then 18 after 4th level gets 2 electrons.
Oxygen
What element is this?
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Modern View of the Atom
The atom is mostly empty space
Two regions• Nucleus- protons
and neutrons.• Electron cloud-
region where you might find an electron.
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SPS1. Students will investigate our current understanding of the atom.
LocationMassCharge
Outside nucleus in electron cloud
0 -1electrons
nucleus 1 amuNeutralneutrons
nucleus 1 amu+1protons
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom of a particular element is its atomic number.
Each element has a different atomic number.
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Atomic MassProtons and neutrons are
responsible for most of the atomic mass of an atom.
The number of protons and neutrons in an atom are the mass number of that atom.
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Remember to use the Periodic Table provided on the Test.
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9
F Fluorine18.998
2,7
Atomic Number
Atomic Symbol
Element nameAtomic Mass
Number of electrons per level
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Isotopes
For any given element, all nuclei have the same number of protons, but the number of neutrons may vary.
These atoms of the same element with different atomic masses are called isotopes.
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Lesson ReviewWhat is an electron?a. Particle with a + chargeb. Particle with a – chargec. Particle with no electrical charged. The basic building block of an
elementAn atom of neon (Ne) has 10
protons, 10 neutrons, 10 electrons. What is the atomic mass of Ne?
e. 0amu c. 20 amuf. 10 amu d. 30 amu
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SPS6. Students will investigate the properties of solutions.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solute and a solvent. A solute is the dissolved substance in a
solution. There is less of it. salt in salt water
sugar in soda carbon dioxide in soda A solvent is the dissolving medium. You have
more of it. water in salt water
water in sodas
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Dilute vs Concentrated
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Saturation of Solutions
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Conductivity of Solutions An electrolyte is a substance whose
water solution conducts electricity. ionic compounds such as NaCl
(sodium chloride acids and bases such as HCl
(hydrochloric acid) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide)
Non electrolytes are substances whose aqueous solutions do not contain ions and do not conduct an electrical current.
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Students will compare and contrast the phases of matter as they relate to atomic and molecular motion.
State Movement Proximity Shape/Volume
Solid Very little; slow
Tightly packed
Definite shape and volume
Liquid Free to move; faster
Close together
No definite shape; definite volume
Gas Very fast Very far apart
No definite shape; fills container
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Solid Liquid Gas
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Plasma- the 4th state of matter
Plasmas consist of freely moving charged particles, i.e., electrons and ions.
Lightning creates a jagged column of plasma.
When an electric current is passed through neon gas, it produces both plasma and light.
Part of a comet's streaming tail is plasma from gas ionized by sunlight and other processes.
The Sun is a ball of plasma.
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Lesson ReviewVinegar is a solution of two liquids:
water & acetic acid. Most vinegar contains 95% water & 5% acetic acid. In vinegar, acetic acid is ___.
a. A solvent c. an elementb. A mixture d. soluteSalad dressing often contains
vinegar & oil. Shaking a bottle of dressing combines the ingredients, but afterward the vinegar & soil separate. Which term describes the salad dressing?
c. Solution c. heterogeneous mixture
d. Solute d. homogeneous mixture
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Types of Radioactive DecayAlpha decay- consists of two protons
and two neutrons
Beta decay-released electron
Gamma decay- high-energy photon
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Radiation
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
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Explain the process of half-life as related to radioactive decay
The time it takes for half of a radioactive element to decay is its half-life.
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Lesson ReviewWhat type of nuclear reaction
results in a single nucleus undergoing a decrease in mass number, a decrease in atomic number and the release of a helium nucleus?
a. Alpha decayb. Beta decayc. Gamma decayd. Chemical reactionHow much would remain after one
half-life if you started with 24 grams of the substance?
e. 24 grams c. 12 gramsf. 48 grams d. 124 grams