george c. marshall space flight center - nasa...nasa tm-82432 1 1 4. title and suititlc 1 s. repout...
TRANSCRIPT
NASA TECHNICAL
MEMORANDUM 4;
\
NASA TM 82432
ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FOR STS-I LANDING ( N A S A - ' I l - ? 2 e 3 2 ) A T H C S P H E E I C ~ i u S k h V A ' i i 3 U S Nb1-30740 $OR STS-1 L A N C l K G ( N A S A ) b i p HC AOY/& lP A01
ZSCL 34b Ur~clas
G3/47 27184
By Robert E. Tuner, James E . Amold, and Gregory S. Wilson Space Sciences Laobratory
May 1981
NASA
George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Marsball Space Fl*t Center, Alabama
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19810022198 2020-03-19T11:36:46+00:00Z
T E C H N I C A L R E P O R T S T A N D A R D TITLE P A G E 1. REPORT NO. 12. GOVERN-NT ACCLISION NO. ( 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NO.
NASA TM-82432 1 1 4. T I T L E AND S U I T I T L C 1 S. REPOUT DATE I
Atmospheric Observations f o r STS- 1 Landing
I 6
I 8. PLRFORMIMG ORGANIZATION R E P m r X
George C. Marshall Space F l igh t Center Yarshall Space Fl ight Center , Alabams 35812
Robert E . Turner, James E . Arnold, and Gregory S. Wilson B. PERFORMING OAGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
1
1 1. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO.
-.
lo. W M K UNIT NO.
Nat ion31 Aeronautics and Space Administrat ion Washington. D . C. ,70546 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND AODRESS
I
IS . SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
Unive .sit i e s Space Kcsc:~rch Associa t ion I
t m or nrpol i rcnloo covmm 4
Technical Memorandum
I'reparcd by Space Sciences Laboratory, Science and Engineering D i r c c t o r a t e 16. ABSTRACT
A summary of synopt ic weather cond i t ions e x i s t i n g over t h e western United S t a t e s is given f o r t h c t ime of S h u t t l e descent i n t o Edwards A i r Force Base, C a l i f o r n i a . 'The techniques and methods used t o f u r n i s h synop t ic a tmospher ic d a t a a t t h e s u r f a c e ;ind a l o f t f o r f l i g h t v e r i f i c a t i o n of t h e STS-1 O r b i t e r dur ing i t s descent i n t o I.clw;lrds Air Forcc Base a r e s p e c i f i e d . Examples o f t h e upper- level d a t a set a r e g iven. ' I
I Unclass i f i ed - Unlimited
7. K E I WORDS
- -- I 9. SECUI ITV CLASSIF. (d th la t0p-t) 20. S E C U A ~ T Y C ~ A S S I F . ( O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ D . ~ ~ ) 2 1 . NO. OF P k i X S 22. PRICE
18. DISTRIBUTION ST ATEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
. C o l l e c t i o n of t l ~ c Uittti :111(1 t h e IIiltil t \ ~ q u i s i t i ~ l l S y s t e m ............................................... 3
A P P E N U I S 1%. 30 SECOND l):\'l'i\. .............................. 39
iii
LIST OF I1,LUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
1. Large - scde cindysis of wetither ~ ~ m d i t i o n s over North Atilerici~ and the U . S . , ixicluding surfuce atrip. 500 nib ( - 18,000 f t ) height contours , high and low surfitcc tcalpcrittures. cind 24-h precipi- tation nlnp for 1200 GRIT 14 April 1981.. ................. 8
1'. GOES-\V int'~wrcti si~tcll i tc in~iige 01 11315 GM'T 14 April 1981. Clouds a r c s l~own in whi te . . ................ 9
4 . (Wl ' i - \if i11fr;ir~'d s;it~'llite i n ~ i i p i ~ t 18 15 (JMT 14 A , I . Supe~'ialposcd a r c wi~id burbs (n i l s ) ;ind ;I giwpotc~l t i a ~ 11cig:'h t iit~;ily sis (111 ) for 500 1111, (,I 1 8 . ild0 1'1 ) from clilti~ ;it 1200 GRIT 14 April
.................................................... 1981 11
1 1 . G r c ) i ~ ~ i c i tr;icli of S'I'S 1 Ii~riditcg~ tr;ijectoi'y U V C Y
~ i o ~ ~ t l ~ c i ~ t i C;il l t 'o~*~~i;i . l i i ~ \ ~ i ~ i ~ o l l d ~ ' s i tes ;ire located I I L I ; i ~ c l s , \Vlicclcr Hidgc i s 011 the Ict't s i c k ot tllc tr;ick. wllilc ' I ' c l~ : i~h i~p i is 011 t l ~ e 1-ib5;lit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
LIST OF TABLES
Tuble Title Page
1 . Estinwtes of the HRlS Errors in Thermodyntimic Qutm tities ............................................... 5
.................. 2 . Estitiiatcs of HRlS b:rrors in \Vinci Datti.. 5
4 . Exp1m:ltion of Colurim tlcadings of Td~ultitcd S~tit lding I ) i ~ t i ~ for the STS 1 Orbiter Iluring ,. I t s 1)csccnt :inti I,citlding. ................................ r
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM
ATMOSPHERI C OBSERVATIONS FOR STS-1 LANDING
I . INTRODUCTION
The successful launch and landing of the Space Shuttle concluded the first phi~se of Iu'ASA's space vehiclelflight program. This report presents u summary of synoptic conditions and the :~tmospheric observations taken in support of the Sonic Boom Rlensurenient Program and flight verification of the STS- 1 Orbiter .
The Space Shuttle STS-1 was launched from Complex 39A at the Ken- nedy Space Center . Florida. into a nominal 1501 150 nautical mile altitude circular orbit on April 12. 1981.
The dcorbit nialicuver was initiated i ~ t approximately 53 hours , 31 minutes. ground elapsed time during the 36th orbi t , with subsequent land- ing on Rogers Lake bed a t Edwards Air Force Base. California, on April 14, 1981. Runway 23 was the primary runway, 17 was the backup, and 04, the alternate.
This docunm;t is writteli under the requirement Level I1 PRCB. dated Rlliy 5. 1980, Kcquest S - 13705A. to furnish atmospheric data a t the surface and tiloft for flight verifici~tion of STS- 1 Orbiter dur ing i t s descent into Edwards Air Force Base. Cdifornia.
11. GENEHXI. SYNOPTIC CONDlTIONS AT LANDING TIME
Ueorbit nliilieu\rers for STS - 1 were initiated a t 1731 GRlT April 1 4 , 1981, wliilc piissing over the western portion of the North Pacific Ocean. The Shuttle Orbiter then descended into the atmosphere. passing rapidly tlwough the sti.;~tosphci'e and then the troposphere over Southern Califor- 1 . It 1:111dccl a t 1818 GRlT nt Edwards Air Force Base. This section describes the g:'e~ier;il synoptic conditions during this period, These con- ditions were derived using botll s;ltcllite iniagery (visible and infrared di~til from tlie (;01<S -W si~tellite) and conventional surface and upper-level ri~wi~lsoncle nie;isurctilcnts of tcnlpei*itturc. winds. moisture, and pressure. Ani~lysis of tlicse t l i l t ; ~ \ViIs perfornlcd by the >Ian Coniyutcr Interactive Dilti~ Access Systcn~ (;\lcIl)AS) in the Spice Scie~iccs Laboratory of the RI:~rslii~ll Spice 1:light Ccn tcr .
0 v e l ~ ~ l l synoptic conditions for the S'CS - I landing were optimal con - sidering wi~itis :)loft ; ~ n d itt the surfiicc iis well u s visibility along the glide slope. 'I'lie cc.titi*;tl ;ind western L!nitetl S tiitcs was domini~ted by n large
high pressure cell. a s shown in Figure 1. A major cyclone had moved through the central U.S. iind wus locuted over the Great Lakes. Aviation weather in thut region was poor, with low ceilings, poor visibility, and moderi~te precipitation developing along the fron tal zone and around the low yressurc! areti. Fortunittcly , this sys te~n had developed and moved citst of the luntling site 24 to 36 hr prior to Innding.
I:igulles 2 th~*ough 4 show i n i n ~ r e d sittellite inlages over the western llnitcd S ttitt>s a t 18 15 GMT. S t t ~ t e tmd gcogl*tiphi~t11 boundaries a r e super- in~posed . 'i iwsc figures show thtit skies were completely cloudless both over und west of 1'tiw:lrtis Air Force Uiise. This ctin be supported by image ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ I I ~ C C I I I ~ I ~ ~ of the (31i1ck t1nd white in~uge in Figure 3 where clouds would be repivsented by ditrk green, r e d s , i1nd white. The 500 m b ( \ 5000 111,' !Ei.UUO f't ) wind barbs (oi ls) :111il 11 geopotentinl height analysis (dccalwters) supc.ri~,~posctised in Figure 4 sliow very light wind conditions ( . 10 111is) in the n~idtllc troposphr~re from the southwcst . which i s sup- portcci by t l ~ c wciik grnctient of geopotentiid height over the landing area.
This pilttesn of' weak winds and gradients in the height field extended throughout the troposphcrc . This is sliown in Figures 5 through 8 , which display wind bttrbs and geopotential height al1i1lyscs for 700 rnb (2 3000 m l 10,000 f t ) . 500 111b ( \ 5000 111/18,000 f t ) , 300 mb (.L 9000rn/30,000 f t ) , and 310 n ~ b ( '~15 ,000 111,'W. 000 f t ) , ~vspectivcly . ovcr the western United St;rtcs. N o frorit;ll zones rvcrc present along the glide slopes. but a weak upper-level disturbi111ce with high c l ~ u d i n c ~ ? ; was ri~oving northeast through h~-izutiir and New \lesico. 'This syste~li had passed over the landing site (luring the prcvious 2.1 111' period.
1:igurc' 9 shows :I ful l -resolut i~n ( 1 kt))) visible picture of the Edwards ii1.c.a (s~n:tll cx.oss) : t l w at 1815 Cihl'I' oil April 14. Snow ovcr the southern Sierra Alount:tins is seen towi~l-d the upper left , iind low cloudiness (; 2000 St : \ G I , ) i s cvitient uvcr the cold weiln waiter off the s m t h c r n California1 i s ! . Skies wcise clear over and surtwunding thc lan;:i*~g si te . Light surt'acc winds and csccllcnt visibility pwviiiled along the California portion o f tllc I'in;tl ~ I ' O U I I ~ t r i ~ c k .
Figuw 10 IS : I ))lot of the vcrtic:tl distribution of winds (1111s). tempera tu~-c. (.solid l i ~ ~ t ? 111 O l ' ) . and dcw-point te rnprra turc (&shed line in OC) ;rt 1200 GMT April 14 talicn ;tt Edwards Ail* Force Uilse. The profiles extend frwl the surface t o 100 mb (c\, 17,000 mi55,OOO f t ) . Winds speeds itre light ( . 15 1111s ) :tt ;ti1 levels ;tssocii1teil with weilk vevticnl wind shcrirs irloft. 1 t c ! ~ ~ p e r ; t i e s tsucturc is ~ t i t t i ~ i ~ l l ) ' stable 01. IICLIS neutral a t a11 levels. ' I 'urb~~lci lec~ i l l c l ~ r air \v:rs. t lwrefor~ ' . unlikely. The temper- atui-c'idcw . t tl\rq)ci~i~tui-c s 1 ) ~ ~ i t t i i,s such tliitt rcliitivc hun~idities wcrc Icss t11;11i 50 pc~rCc~~i t at a11 Icvels.
111 su111:11;11~y . 1:111di11g W;I t tier foi8 S'I'S 1 was U I I U S U I I ~ I ~ optimnl con - siticbri~~g :'h ;~ct ivc 1l;tture of wcittlwr distui*biinces tluit t rnverse thnt iI lmC;l t ~ L l l ' l 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 ~ b~)l'lllg SCilSOll,
111. DISCUSSION OF BASIC DATA
A . Collection of the Data and the Data Acquisition System
Past experience gained on Apollo nnd Skylab programs hns shown that it is necessary to have iitnlospheric data to verify the analytical techniques used for engineering a~iitlysis. For this reitson, iitmospheric data a t the surface and illoft were obtained by using the Hawinsonde System. One R:irvinsonde System wils plticed at Wheelcl* Ridge ilnd a second one a t Tehiichiipi, Ciilif'c,r~iia. Tliese se ts were positioned d o n g the STS- 1 reentry track sl~own in 1:igul-e 11. The requirements to collect atmospheric data i~pproxi~rlatcly :! Iir before landing and tit the time of lnnding from these two locations httve been met.
The Rt~wirismde System is a transportiible radio direction finder designed to track a balloon -borne radiosonde automatically. A radiosonde signal containing information about the atmosphere in the form of an ampli- tude or frecluelicy ~nodulation datli sig~iiil is received . amplified, and detected by this system. The detected sigma1 is passed to separate equip- ment in the system where it is recorded. Hy reference to calibration data for the radiosonde, this recordctl infomation i s convertcd to values of tenlper;lturc, hu~nidity, imd pressure . Hecordi~lgs of time versus pro- gressive c11mg.e~ of the clevatio~i anti :izin~uth positions of the ascending balloon packiigr?, ;is determilied 1)y tracking of the signal from the radio- sonde. :ire nliltle so that t l ~ e y ciin liitcr be converted to wind speed and direc t io~i .
The 1.tidioso1ide co~ i s i s t s of a transrrtittcr , nlodul;itor, antenna, ba t t e ry , and pressure , tcniperature. and humidity sensing elements. The radio- sonde. p i i r i~ct~ute . iind triiiri \wig11 ~ i p p r ~ x i ~ ~ ~ ; ~ t e I y :! k g ( 4 l b ) and can be carried to an altitude of approximately 30 krn by a helium-filled balloon. The b ;~t tery furnishes power to the ~l~odula to l~ and transmitter. The triinsnlitter operates in the 16tj0 to 1700 RiHz band : and its car r ier is iirnplitude modulated by iin aud io - f requc~~cy pulse, the ra te of which i s deternlinect by tlw prcss i i l~r~ , ten~peratul 'c, and humidity sensing elements.
?'he Hawilisondc iintenn I ;iuton~atically tyi~cks the balloon -born#-. radio- sonde b y co~ i t i~ iuous lio~niiig on the radiosonde signal to horizontal d is - tiinces of' ;lppi~o~ill~ictely 200 km and ;iltitudcs of up to 30 kril . The equip- men t recorder records the elcvi~lion a ~ ~ d i1 zir~ruth iingles of the position of the ~ ' i ~ d i o ~ o ~ l t k versus tinw .
'I'llc procedure used to compute tlle soundings is described by Fuelberg [ 11 anti T u r ~ i e r [ 21. All V i i \ v ditta kcyyuricl~ed were checked for e r r o r s by ciilcul;~ting ccutered differelices on the input data. Additional checks include ccntcrctl d i f fc~wices 011 C O I I I ~ U ~ C ~ wincis an(l checks on lapse ra tes of co:npu tctl t e ~ ~ i p e r ; ~ turcs and dew points. Suspected e r r o r s were checked with the origi~iiil recorclcr cl1i11.t iufornmtio~~ iuid the iipplSopriate corrections rnir tic .
The filial datu set consists of duto computed at each pressure contact as well as data at 30-see intervals. Thermodynamic qdantities were coni- putcti at each pressure contrlct . while winds were computed from the uv:iiliible 30- see interval nn gle ciiita by means of centered finite differences. Winds were subsequently in tci*polttted to each con tcict .
'l'he following procedures were enlployed in thc processing of thcse dtttil which diffcr froni tliose described by Fuelberg [ 11 :
1 ) iiuniitlity viilucs . i~icluding dew-poi11 t tenipcriiturc , were computed only at tc~ilpcriitures itbove - 40°C ; ;it tcrliperatures bclow -40°C. humidity vi11uc.s iirc 111issing : i ~ i d i i l ' ~ ' indicated b y ;I field of ~ijlies. Rloisturc vnlues wcrc co~~tputcti if tile rclittive Iiumitiity esceedeci 1 percent. I f the viiluc wits twlow 1 pcive~it , i t was set equal to 1 percent itlid used in thc compu t i t tion of other ntoisture viiri;ibles.
2 ) \fincis bitscd oli low clevittio~i a11gIt.s ;ire cleliotc?d by ;~sterisks. One asterisk clc~lutes i111glcs less tIii111 10' blit g'reiitCI1 tliii11 6'. w l i i l ~ ~ W O
i~stcrisks dcliotc angles less than 6 O . C:~uticxl nlust be exercised in the use of ditti~ at low eleviltion mgles. sincc it is subject to rathcr 1;trgc HRlS Crl'ors.
3 ) Wi~id diwctio~i and speed were cietcr~ililicd for contact levels by in tcrpolittlng tiltle v;~lucs.
:I . Accuriicy K s t i n x i tcs
'1'1111 HlIS CI.IWI..; for w i ~ i t i specti illid cii~'c.ctio~l iirc difficult to dcscribe silicc tlicy itl'c :I fimc tion of trwking geo111etry i i~ ld otlie~' fiictors . Rlnxinium IIRIS ~ I * I V ) I . S for w i ~ i d s (speed illid ciirectio~l) colllputed :it 30 scc intcr\':ils ( b i t ~ ~ d i ) ~ i t l ic ors st g11o111ct 1-ic t ~ ~ i ~ ~ l i i ~ i g ~ ~ m f i ~ w r : ~ t i o n ) for 10 ~ i n d 40 degree ~ l ~ ~ i i t i ~ l i 1111p ' l~s i i l ~ P I ' c ' s ( ~ I ~ ~ c ~ i n 'l'ilbl~ 2 . The iicculBiicy of the wind datn i I t I)ITSSUIT ~ 0 1 1 t i i ~ t ~ is grtBitt~r tlwn tli ; \ t stilted for the 30-scc winds bcc;~use of tlle irtidetl s~~icn)tIiing a11d i~i te~~p~li l t iol l perfwnied. In nddition, t l ~ c c ) r~~ors stii'.ed for tltc 30- aec wil lcis wcblsc nliixin~a for the stltted conditiorls
TABLE 1, ESTIMATES OF THE RMS ERRORS I N THERMODYNAMIC QUANTITIES
Parameter
Ten lye r~ tu re
Pressure
Humidity
Pressure Altitude
Approximate RMS Error
1.3 mb from surface to 400 mb 1.1 mh between 400 and 100 m b 0.7 mb between 100 tlnd 10 mb
10 percent
10 gpm a t 500 mb 20 g p n ~ a t 300 rub 50 gpm ut 50 mb
TABLE 2. ESTIlllATES OF RMS ERRORS I N WIND DATA
AII cx i~n~ple of thc contirct di~tir i s given in Tublc 3 , with the explann- tion of colun111 hcildings in 'l'i~ble 4. The f irs t line of data for the time 0.0 min is surf'crce dirtu. The threc nunrbers in the upper r ight-hand corner irrc t l ~ c nur~lbct* of pressure levels corrlyutcd. the minimum pressure obti~inccl (mb) i111d ern idcntificr with the vi~lue 0 for 30-scc angle input ilnd 1 for 1 - I I I ~ I I i r r l g l c uiput .
Pressure mb
700
50 0
300
'rhc contwt (1;1ti1 atid t l ~ c 30-scc diltct irrc presented in Appendices A iwd U .
RMS Errors ( m s - l ) in Speed
i
RMS Errors (degree) in Direction
10-degree elevation
2.5
4.5
7.8
10- degree elevation
9.5
13.4
18.0
40-degree elevation
0.5
0.8
1.0
4 0- degree elevn t ion
1.3
1.8
2.5 .
TA
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TABLE 4. EXPLANATION OF COLUMN HBADINGS OF TABULATED SOUNDING DATA FOR THE STS-1 ORBITER DURINa IT8
DESCENT AND LANDING
TIME (MIN)
CNTCT
HEIGHT (OPM)
PRES (MB)
TEMP (DG C)
DEW PT (DG C)
DIR (DG)
SPEED (MISEC)
U COhlP (MISEC)
V COhlP (MISEC)
POT T (DG K)
E rOT T (DG ti)
hlX HTO (GhIICiG)
RH (PCT)
RANGE (lihl)
A Z (DO)
T i m after balloon release,
Contact number.
Height of correspond^* .g pressure surface in geopoten - tial meters.
Pressure in millibars.
Ambient temperature in degrees Celsius. NOTE: An asterisk indicates that time from release and /or temperature were lhenrly interpolated . Dew -point temperature in degrees Celsius.
Wind direction measured clockwise from true north and is the direction from which the wind i s blowing.
Scalar wind speed in meters per second. NOTE: An asterisk indicates that wind quantities are based on an elevation angle that is between lo0 and 6 O . A double asterisk indicates that the elevation angle i s less then 6 O .
The E-W wind component, positive toward the east and negative toward the west.
The N -S wind component, positive toward the north and negative toward the south.
Potential temperature in degrees Kelvin.
Equivalent potential temperature in degrees Kelvin.
Nixing ratio in grams per kilogram.
Rclittive humidity in percent.
Distctnce bnlloon is from release point along a radius vcc tor.
Direction toward bnlloon m&~sund clockwise from true north.
c..l
c6 .CI U . = 2 32
"a" a gj 2
REFERENCES
1 . Fuelberg, H . E . : Reduction and Error Analysis of the AVE 11 Pilot Experiment Data. NASA Contructor Report CR- 120496. Marshall Specc Flight Center, Alabama, 1974.
2. Turner. H. E . : The hlechanics of Atmospheric Systems Derived Through Verticitl anti Horizontt~l Analysis of Parametric Data. NASA Techniciil Puyer 1072. hlnrshall Spacue Flight Ccn ter , Alaliamo , 1977.
APPENDIX A
Contact Data
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APPENDIX B
30-Second Data
PRECEDING PAGE BLANK NOT RLICIED
TINE R I M 0.0 . 5 1 .o 1 .S 2.0 2.5 3,0 3. S 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7. 5 8.0 8.5 9,O 9.5 10.0 10.5 1 1 .0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13. 0 13.5 14.0 14.5 1s. 0 15.3 16.0 16.5 17.0 17 . S 18.0 18.5 1 9 . 0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21 . O 2 1 . 5 22.0 22.5 23.0 2 3 . 5 24.0 24.5
TENP w C 1?*0 15.7 14.4 14. I 13.7 13.0 12.5 11.5 10.6 10.3 11.9 11.9 11.2 10.9 10.5 9 7 0.3 7.1 5.4 4.4 3.2 2.0 1.3 -.2
-1 - 2 - 1 .3 -1.6 -2.3 -3.2 -4 8 s -5.5 -6.5 -6.9 -7.5 -7.9 -8.8 -10.0 -10.9 -12.2 -13.5 -14.6 -16.0 -17.0 -18.0 -19.3 -20.5 -21.8 -23.4 -24.9
DIY PT OC C 8.7 4.4 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9 1.3
-1 .a -8.8 -9.3 -0.5 -0.1 -8.2 -8.5 -8.5 -9.3 -9.5 -10.1 -11.5 -13.5 -14.2 -15.6 -10.3 -23.0 -24. 3 -PS . 2 -26.1 -27.0 -27.8 -20.2 -28.6 -28.8 -28.6 -29. i -30.0 -30.9 -31.9 -32.8 -34.0 -34. 8 -35.8 -36 .5 -36.9 -36.9 -37.2 -35.8
14
D I R DC
JSO, 0 290.1 239.2 243.3 244.4 219.5 111.5 129.4 55.7 80.5 123.7 135.7 118.2 113.5 119.9 122.9 124.3 125.9 127.5 126.0 126.8 127.8 130.9 137.4 146.4 155.7 167.2 183.7 190.3 181.4 166.2 163.8 170.7 182.0 193.3 202.3 202.9 196.8 203.0 214.8 214. 1 200.8 190.2 193.6 204.6 212.4 207. 8 206 .5 2l3,4 231.4
R nun CCT 58.0 47.0 47.9 48.7 50.8 50.0 52.5 55.3 57.0 53.9 39.4 22.4 22.7 24.6 26.0 27.4 29.3 32.1 33.6 35.6 37.0 35.9 32.3 33.8 3: 4 26.1 17.6 16.8 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.4 16.3 16.6 16.7 18.3 10.9 19,0 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.2 20.0 21.3 23.7 26.7 35.1 34.9
TINE H I H 25.0 2 s . 5 26.0 26.5 27-0 27.5 2 8 . 0 26.5 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.5 31 .0 31 . S 32.0 32,s 33.0 33.5 34.0 34.5 35.0 35.5 36.0 36.5 37.0 37.5 38.0 38.5 39.0 39.5 40.0 40.5 41 .O 41 . J 42.0 42.5 43.0 43.5 44,C 44.5 45-0 45.5 46.0 46,s 47.0 47.5 48.0 48.5 49.0 49.5
CNTCT
69.4 70.5 71 .6 72.6 73.6 74.0 75.8 77.0 70.3 79.4 80.4 81.4 0.2.4 83.7 84.7 85.8 86.8 b? .0 88.0 89.8 90.0 91 . 8 93.0 34.0 95.0 96.2 9 7 . 3 98.4 99.4 100.4 101.4 101.4 103.5 104.6 105.6 106.6 107.6 108.6 109.6 110.6 111.6 ll2.S 1 l3,4 114.4 115.4 116.3 117.2 118.0 118.8 119.7
HE I CHT CPM
7049.4 7190.5 7333.5 7460.4 7S9t.6 7730.3 7881.7 6044.3 8193.3 8350.4 846Y. 0 8621.6 8743.9 8915.3 9048.6 9leS.O 9342.7 9486.2 9615.0 9753.4 9893.2 10035.4 10184.6 10332.0 1 0482.0 10640.3 1 0797. 9 lOSO.7 11097.1 ll2Sl .7 11393.0 I lSJ7.4 11700.2 11867.0 12022.2 12101.1 l2344.S (2492.0 l265l.4 12007.8 l2976.l 13125.9 13264.0 13437.3 13623.5 13778.8 13920.3 14064.7 14212.9 14564.5
PRES m 420.2 412.0 403.8 396.2 389.4 381.8 373.6 36s. 0 357.3 349.2 342 2 335.6 329.6 521.3 3ts. 0 308.5 301.4 295.2 289.2 383.2 277.2 271. P 26s. 0 259.0 253.0 246.8 240.8 235.0 229.6 224.0 219.0 214.0 208.5 203.0 198.0 193.0 (88.0 183.6 179.0 874.6 l7O.O 166.0 162.4 158.0 153.4 149.7 146.3 143.0 139.7 136.3
R HUM PCT
35.6 36.3 36.4 36.4 36.6 36.7 36.3 36.3 36.5 36.1 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 995.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9
STATION )(O. 2 YHIELER RlbCE, C I L I F
CNTCT
120.5 121 -4 122.3 123.2 !24.0 124.0 125.7 126.5 127,3 128.2 129.0 129.0 130.7 131 .5 132.3 133.0 133.7 134.5 t35.3 135.9 136.7 137.4 130.1 138.8 139.4 140.1 140.8 141.4 142.1 142.9 143.5 144.1 144.7 145.3 145.9 146.5 147.1 147.0 148.3 146.8 149.3 143.9 t50.4 151 - 0 151 .s t52.0 152.5 152.9 153.4 133.9
HE l W T CPN
14519.6 14671. 7 148L1S. 3 14992.5 15164.4 15297. 2 15469.8 1 56P7. 7 15770.5 15926.8 16127.l 16282.0 16440.1 16601.5 16157. t 16901 . 1 17850.0 17217.4 17301.2 17S2l.O 17704.3 17806.4 10057.2 10215.9 18354.5 (8488.8 10659.4 10050.3 19042.6 19184.6 19368. 0 t 9346. 19666.3 19822.2 20032.8 20192.5 203S6.2 20566.8 20736.5 20885.7 21OtJ.6 2l3Ol. 1 21474.7 21635.0 21864.7 22094.5 22242.8 22391 .2 22559.2 22732.1
CNTCT HCXGHT CPM
154.4 22992.7 154.9 23270.6 lSS.3 234S8.l 155.7 23604.5 156.) 23724.7 156.4 24008.1 156.8 24241.5 157.1 944*5.5 157.5 24605.6 1S?.B 24765.6 158.2 249419 159.5 25140.5 15P, 9 2S34S. 1 155.2 2558940 159.5 25846.2 159.0 26103.5 160.1 26359.5 160.4 2661397 160.6 26867.9 160.9 27122.1 161.1 27337.6 $61 .3 27495.2 161.5 27652.0 161.7 27B10.4 16t .9 27968.0 162, l 28179.9 162.3 28473.4 (6285 28766.9 162.7 29060.4 162.9 29353.9
TEMP DC C
-53.6 -53.3 -53.6 -54.2 -54.6 -54.1 -53.6 -53.0 -52. 1 -51.1 -30.6 -50.7 -50.9 -50.2 -49.5 -48.7 -40. I -49.0 -47.9 -47.0 -47 3 -46.1 -44.9 -43.7 -42 S -41 .a -41.6 -41.5 -41.4 -41.3
StATIOH NO. 2 WHEELER RIDGE, CbLX F
14 bPRIL t981 1535 CNT
SPEED N/SEC
5 6 5 .7 6 . 8 8.1 9 .3 9 . Q
10.4 10.9 11.5 12.0 t2 .4 12.6 13.0 12.2 11.1 10eO 9 6 9 . 9
t 0 . 4 10.9 11.1 10.8 10.4 10.1 9 8
99.9 99 .9 09.9 99.9 99.9
R nun PCT
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MES He
861.4 850,5 83s. 0 019.5 806.5 791.5 779.0 ?64 0 749.0 736.5 721 . S 709.5 697.5 693,s 672.4 660.3 648.0 636.8 625.0 613.3 602.0 590 a 8 379.5 570.2 S61 .6 551.3 541 . O 53O,4 521 .b 5 1 1 . 8 503.0 494.2 486 * 2 478.2 469.0 459.0 432.0 442.0 433.2 425.8 418.2 410.5 402.6 394.8 3 8 6 . 0 377.6 370.6 363.6 356 6 349.8
STATION NO 4 TEHICHACI, C h L I F
14 APRIL 1901 tS4f GHT
m t t w no. 4 TLMCLCWX , C M I C
R Mun CCT
999.9 999 0 9 999.9 999 8 9 999*9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999 9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999,9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999 0 9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9
OTATION NO. P YMELER RIDGE, ClLIF
14 (5PRlL 19.1 1015 CNt
CHTCT
6.8 7 , 6 9.0 10.5 1 1 ,e 13.0 14.3 15.8 17.0 18.7 20.0 21 - 5 22.8 24.0 25.3 2 6 . 5 27.6 28.8 30.0 31 .O 32.3 33.4 34.4 35.5 36.8 36.0 37.0 40.3 41 .4 42.4 43.5 44.6 45.8 46.e 47.8 49.0 50.3 51 .4 52.4 53.5 54.6 55.6 56.6 5 1 . 6 56.6 5 9 . 8 60.8 61 . 8 63.0 64.0
HE lGMT GPN 168.0 246.2 368.5 5t4,3 630.2 751.8 873.5 1004 $4 112t.3 1286.1 1418.5 1561.9 1681 .9 1808.2 1936,l 2065.6 2180.7 2302.2 2425, n 2534 * 6 2666.9 2785.6 2892.6 3884.1 3141.1 3274.1 33I'4. S 3516.1 3644.9 3747.1 3868.7 3991.8 4122.0 4242.6 4338.9 4500.4 4637.0 4771.4 4886.4 5016.8 3140.5 5262.9 5383.7 5500.1 5935.5 5760.9 5881 - 7 60U4.0 6152.6 6276.7
DLM PT DC C
0 . 0 7.7 6 * 6 5.7 4.9 4.2 4.7 4 - 3 3.9 3.7 2.3 -7.0 -7.5 -7.6 -7.7 -8.0 -8.4 -0.3 -9.0 -8.5 -9.9
- 1 1 , 1 -12.1 -13.7 -14.6 - 1 6 . 0 -18.8 - 2 2 . 6 -23.2 -24. I - 2 5 . 0 -25.9 -26. T -27.0 -27.4 -27.5 - 2 7 . 6 -26.2 -20.5 -29.2 -29.9 -30.5 -3t . 0 -31.7 -32.8 - 3 3 . 9 -34.7 -35.4 -33.9 -33.2
SPEED WSEC
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R HUN PCt 39.0 42.9 44,0 46.0 46.3 47.0 50.4 50.6 50.9 SF ,7 4 0 , ? 20.8 21.6 22.9 24. 1 25.2 26.7 20.5 29.7 31.8 31 -7 31 . 5 30.8 20,0 27.2 25.9 21.4 16.7 16.0 t6.0 15.9 15.8 15.0 15.8 15.8 16.4 17,0 17,5 17.6 17 .7 17.7 18.4 19.3 19.6 19.4 19-4 19.4 19.5 24.C 28.7
CNI'CT
65.0 66.2 67.2 68.2 69.2 70.2 71.2 72.2 73.3 74.4 75.4 76.4 77.5 70.6 79.6 00.6 a1 - 6 82.6 83.6 84.6 85.6 8 6 . 5 87.4 88.4 89.4 90.4 91 . 5 9 2 . 5 33.4 94.4 9 5 , 4 96.4 97.3 90.2 99.2 100 0 101 . o 101.0 102.9 103.0 104.0 105.7 106.6 107,6 108.6 109.6 110.6 1 l t .6 112.5 l13,4
SThTIOH NO. 2 YWEELER RlDGE, ClLlF
R HUH PC1 28.3 27.4 29.1 20.0 30.3 30,3 31.1 31 .? 32.2 32.6 31 .o 31.7 31 -0 31 .9 32.0 32,5
999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999,9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999. 9 999.9 999.9
TlnE NIN so. 0 50.3 51 . o 51 .s 52.0 52.5 53.0 53 8 5 54.0 54.5 55.0 55.. 56.0 56.5 57.0 57.5 58.0 SO.5 59.0 59.5 60 .0 60.5 61 a0 61 .S 62.0 62.5 63.0 63.5 64.0 64.5 65,O 65 5 66.0 66.5 67.0 67.5 68,O 60.3 69.6 69 5 10.0 7 0 . 5 1 1 , O 71 .5 7 2 . 0 72.5 73.0 73.5 74.0 74,s
CNTCT
l l 4 . 4 119.4 116.3 117,P 110.0 110.0 t ( 9 .8 t20.7 12t .6 122+6 t23*5 124.3 t2S, l 12S.9 126.7 127.6 120.4 129.2 t3O.O 130.0 131.7 132.4 133.2 134.0 1' 4.7 $35.5 1%. 3 t37,O 137.7 130.5 139.3 139.9 140.6 141.3 142.0 142,6 143.3 143.9 144,6 145.2 145.0 146.4 147.0 147.6 14B.2 14d.B 149.3 149.8 1SO.J 150.0
STATXOW NO, 1 UHEELLR RXDOL, CMIF
14 APRIL 1901
D I R DC
240.6 239. ? 240.0 241 . O 241.6 239.0 P W , 8 230.8 220.9 229,6 231 $ 9 233,O 233.6 930.4 226, l 220.3 250.4 232.7 234. 0 232.0 226.6 221.5 210.0 210.4 223.8 227.7 232.1 237.3 237 + 3 239. 5 244.2 251.9 2z1.0 237.9 212.6 208.0 206.5 206.6 2oe.4 209.5 200.5 210.1 213.7 224.6 234.9 242.4 225.5 199.9 155.2 100.1
R nun PCT
999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999,9 999.9 999 * 9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999 9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999;9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999,9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999,9 999.9 999,9 999.9 999 * 9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9
rrm HIM 75.0 75, 5 76.0 76,s 77.0 77,s 78.0 70.5 79.0 79.5 8 0 . 0 80.5 e1.0 01 as 82.0 02.5 8 3 . 0 83 .5 84.0 04.5 8 5 . 0 85 .5 06 .0 0 6 . 5 W , O 87 .5 8 8 . 0 88.5 89 .0 89.5 9 0 . 0 90.5 91 , O 91 , S 91.0 92 .5 93,O 93.5 94.0 94 ,s 98.0 9 5 . 5 96 .0 96. S
DEY PT Db C 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 n , 9 M . 9 99.9 99.9 n * 9 n . 9 99. 9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99-9 9B.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99 0 9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99. 9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99#9 99.9 99.9
D I R DC
102.3 126.1 164.6 249. ? 101.6 102.4 96.5 05. 7 760 1 S4.0 30.S 41 69 St.1 S0.S 47.9 45.3 46.7 40.9 11.0 82.7 54.0 55, 1 52.7 40.8 44.3 40.2 37.6 3409 3 3 . 0 L .
19.5 ( 1 .2 2.0
354.6 149.6 34s. 5 341.7 330.1 334.8 331 .O 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9
STATION NO. 4 TEHACHIPt, CALIF
TINE nrrr
0 . 0 -3
1 . 0 1 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 5 3,O 3 . 5 4 . 0 4 . 5 5 . 0 5 . 5 6 . 0 6 . 5 7 . 0 7 .s 8 . 0 8 . 5 9 . 0 9 .s
10 .0 10.5 1 1 , o 11.5 12 .0 12 .5 13 .0 13 ,5 14 .0 14.5 15 .0 1 5 , s 16 .0 16.5 17 .0 17.5 1s. O 18.5 1 9 . 0 19.5 2 0 . 0 2 0 . 5 21 . o 2 1 . 5 22 .6 2 2 . 5 2 3 . 0 2 3 . 5 2 4 . 0 2 4 . 5
CNTC f
2 0 . 0 2 1 . 7 2 4 . 0 25.7 2 7 . 4 2 9 . 0 30 .7 3 2 , 3 34 .0 35 .7 3 7 . 0 38 .5 3 9 . 8 41 .3 4 3 . 0 4 4 . 3 4 5 . 8 4 7 . 3 4 8 . 8 5 0 . 5 5 1 . 8 5 3 . 3 3 4 . 5 56 .0 5 7 . 3 5 8 . 5 5 9 . 8 61 . C ) 6 2 . 3 6 3 . 5 64 8 6 6 . 0 6 7 . 3 6 8 . 5 6G.8 71 . O 7 2 , 3 7 3 . 4 7 4 . 5 ? 6 . 0 7 7 . 3 7 a . 4 79.4 8 0 . 5 81 . & 8 3 , 3 84 .5 0 5 . 6 8 6 . 8 6 8 . 0
HEIGHT CPW
13663 0 1540.6 17ZS.9 1936.3 21 12.1 2274.3 2456.5 2630.5 2807.1 2982.9 3111.6 3273.1 3401 - 7 3580.2 3745.8 3898.0 4057.7 4234.8 4331 - 4 4586.2 4727.3 4904.7 5043.3 5226.2 5369.7 S5lY - 2 5662.8 5619.4 5564. i 6111 . 6 6260.8 6420.1 6561.9 6714.0 6866.2 7033.3 7184.3 7325.4 7462.2 7651 . a 7813.1 7963 8 8096.8 8235. ? 8397.2 6586.4 6765.3 8912.5 9053 ir 9218.7
TENP DC C 2 t . o I? .* 13 .3 1 1 . 8 10.1 8 . 9 7 . 3 5 . 4 3 . 9 2 . 0 . 7 - * 1 - . 4
- 1 . 6 - 2 . 0 -3 .0 - 4 . 3 -5 .6 - 6 . 4 - 7 . 3 - 8 . 5
-10.1 - 1 1 . 3 -12 .5 -13 .3 -14 .6 -15 .9 - 17 .4 -18.1 -19.1 -20 .6 -21.6 -23.2 -24 .6 - 2 6 . 0 -2I'. 5 - 2 6 . 5 -2's. 7 - 3 0 . 9 - 3 2 . ? - 3 4 . 0 - 3 5 . 5 -36 .6 - 3 7 . 7 -39.3 -40.7 -42 .4 -43 .6 -44 .9
DEY PT DG C
2 . 3 - 4 . 7 - 8 . 0 - 7 . 6 - 7 . 5 -8 .1 - 8 . 6 -,8. 7 - 9 . 2 - 9 . 5
-10 .8 -18. 0 -20.6 - 2 1 , 2 -23 .9 -24 .2 -25 .3 - 2 7 . 2 -27.9 -28.4 -29.1 -30.5 -31 . S -32.7 -32 .5 - 3 3 , s -34.1 -35.0 -35.8 -36.4 -35 .7 -34.4 -35.1 -3s . 5 -36 .6 -38.0 -33.9 -40 .0 -41.1 -42 .8 -43.9 -4s . 3 -46 .3 - 4 7 . 3 -48 .8 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9
DIR DG
150.0 113.8 106.6 112.9 119.7 117.9 117.1 117.4 114.0 112.3 112.1 124,O 141.8 149.2 153.0 158.3 l63,O 170.4 177.3 186.9 194.9 206 .6 204 .6 t99.3 206.0 212 .3 216.9 220 .8 S(r's.4 197.9 191 - 2 200.1 318.8 347.0 327.7 302.6 301 . S 290.6 262 .0 235 .9 239 .5 241.4 244.0 247.2 251 3 256 .8 265 .6 262.7 255.2
SPEED W/SEC
6 . 2 6 . 6 6 . 3 6 . 9 8 . 0 9 .1
10 .4 11 .2 11 .9 1 1 . 1 1 0 . 8 9 . 4 8 . 6 9 . 5 9 . 6 9 . 2 9 . 9 7 . 7 6 . 3 4 . 6 3 . 4 3 . 0 3 . 3 3 . 9 3 . 9 4 . 0 4 . 0 3 . 9 3 . 3 2 . 8 2 . 0
, 0 . 2 . S . 6
180 1 . 6 1 . 8 1 . 7 2 . 2 2 . 6 3 . 0 3 . 5 3 . 8 3 . 3 3 . 7 3 . 7 4 . 0 4 . 5 5 . 4
R HUN PC1
2 9 . 0 2 1 . 7 2 1 . 9 2 4 . 9 2 8 . 0 2 0 . 9 31 . 3 3 5 . 3 3 7 . 9 4 2 . 0 41 .S 2 5 . 3 19 .5 2 0 . 0 16.7 17.5 17 .5 1 6 . 3 16 .2 16.5 17 .0 17 .0 1 6 . 9 16.6 1 8 . 0 10.4 1 8 . 9 1 9 . 8 19 .4 19.9 2 4 . 5 3 0 . 0 3 2 . 5 35.1 3 6 . 0 35 .9 35 .7 35 .6 3 8 . 4 35.1 35.6 35 .5 35 .4 3 5 . 4 3 5 . 3
999.9 999 .9 999 .9 999 .9 999 .9
STATIOH NO. 4 TEHACHAPI , CA1.IF
CNTCT
89.3 90.5 91 .6 92.6 94.0 95.3 96.4 97.4 98.5 99.8 101.3 102.5 103.9 105.0 106.0 107.3 108.5 109.6 110.6 1 1 1 .6 '12.6 113.6 114.6 115.6 116.6 117.6 118.6 119.6 120.6 121.6 122.6 123.5 124.3 125.2 126.0 126.8 127.7 128.5 129.4 130.3 131 . 6 131.8 132.7 133.6 134.5 135.3 136.1 136.9 137.7 138.6
T EHP DC C -47.2 -48.2 -49.3 -50.3 -51,6 -53.1 -54.1 -5s. 0 -55.9 -S6,9 -57.3 -58.1 -58.3 -5%. 4 -58.6 -58.6 -58.8 -59.9 -58,g -58.9 -59.0 -59.1 -58.7 -58.2 -58.0 -5%. 3 -58.3 -5%. 1 -58.3 -59.8 -59.2 -59.4 -59.2 -58.7 -58.4 -57,O -57.1 -57. 5 -57.6 -57.4 -57.4 -57.4 -57.9 -SB .7 -59 * 9 -6O.i' -60.6 -59.5 -59.7
DEY PT DC C 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 95.5 99.9 99,9 99.9 99.9 99.9 95.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.3 99.9 9989 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9
14
DIR DG
264.6 272.2 273.9 272 a 2 370.4 Of*. 2 279.8 285.5 288.2 286.7 283.3 279,4 274.7 271 . S 270.1 267 8 il66.4 265.2 264.6 263.6 PS9.5 252.7 247.6 245.1 242.6 239.5 236.9 236.1 236.2 23s. 5 233.6 232.1 231.2 230.8 231.9 234.5 234.5 231 -5 227.3 225.6 226.3 22e. 0 229.8 228.9 225. 5 221. I 217.9 218.3 221 .5
R HUH PCT
999.9 999, f 999.9 999.9 999.9 993.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 995.9 999.9 959.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 995.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9
R mm CCT
999.9 999.9 999.9 999 * 9 999 a 9 999.9 999 * 9 999.9 999 -9 9-19 9Wb9 999.9 999i9 m . 9 99909 999.9 999.9 9991 9 999 0 9 W b 9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999.9 999 0 9 W e 9 -9.9 999 b 9 999b9 999.9 m i 9 M b 9 W r 9 m i 9 m t 9 999b9 999b9 m e 9 m b 9 W b 9 9 9 9 8 9 999 b9 99949 m 1 9 999 i9 99919 9##1* 999i3 - 8 9
i.. - .- - -- - - - .-- _
CHTCT
164.1 164.3 164.5 164.0 165.0 165.2 165.4 165.6 165.0 1bb.0
HE l CHT CPM
2701 I .2 27178.3 2734s. 7 27512.9 11680.1 27930 7 2Bte1 .4 28432.0 20602.7 28933.3
DEY PT DC C 99.9 99 * 9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99 .9 99 .5 99. P 99 .9 99.9
D I R DC
40.1 36.1 31.6 26.4 20.7
999.9 99%. 9 995.9 599.9 999.9
SPEED M/SEC 12.3 tt,6 10.8 10.2 9 .7
99.9 94.9 99.9 99,9 93.9
APPROVAL
ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS FOR STS-l LANDING
By Robert E. Turner, James E. Arnold, and Gregory S. Wilson
The in:ormation in this report has been reviewed for technical con- tent. Review of any information concerning Department of Defense or nuclear energy activities o r programs has been m ~ d e by the MSFC Secu- rity Classification Officer. This report, in its entirety, has been deter- mined to be unclassified.
Chief, Atmospheric ~c ienc@~ivis ion
'%&@&4Ld CHARLES A . LUNDQUISTJ Director. Space Sciences 1,aborntory