geology part iv/v minerals powerpoint for educators - download at www. sciencepowerpoint .com

Geology Topics Part IV / VI

Minerals

Start Part III / VI of an educational Earth Science unit about Geology Topics in Science for

students in grades 6-10

Part I: Dynamic EarthPart II: Volcanoes

Part III: Faults, Folds, EarthquakesPart IV: Minerals

Part V: Rocks and the Rock CyclePart VI: Earth System History

Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes, assessments, lab handouts, review games, videos, and

much more at www.sciencepowerpoint.com

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.

• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly.

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow

“Hoot, Hoot”“Good Luck!”


New Area of Focus: Rocks and New Area of Focus: Rocks and MineralsMinerals


Rock: A mass or grouping of Rock: A mass or grouping of minerals.minerals.


• Rocks can be big.

• Rocks can be big.

How big is this rock?

• Rocks can be little

• Used in buildings.

• Rocks are inorganic (non-living)

Minerals are natural inorganic (non-Minerals are natural inorganic (non-living) solids that join together living) solids that join together (crystals) to make unique (crystals) to make unique compositions. compositions.


• Minerals form from…



• Cooling Magma



• Cooling Magma

• Minerals dissolved in liquid (liquid evaporates and the atoms left behind form crystals)


• Activity! Making Crystals!

• Activity! Growing Crystals Demonstration.


• Activity! Growing Crystals Demonstration.– Add salt to boiling hot water until no more will

dissolve.



dissolve.– Soak a piece of cardboard in the salt solution,

then set it in a sunny, dry spot to dry.




then set it in a sunny, dry spot to dry. – The next day, using a stereoscope, draw the

crystals that you see.


A crystal is a solid in which the atoms A crystal is a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a repeating pattern.are arranged in a repeating pattern.


• Water can form a crystal structure when the atoms arrange themselves.

• Structure of a Diamond

• Video! The Deadly Crystal Cave.

• Quiz Wiz 1-10. (Oral / Hand signals) Is it a rock, mineral, or neither? 1-10


• Review!


• Review!– Rock: A grouping of minerals


• Review!– Rock: A grouping of minerals– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-

living) solids that join together (crystals) to make unique compositions.


• Review!– Rock: A grouping of minerals– Mineral: Minerals are natural inorganic (non-

living) solids that join together (crystals) to make unique compositions.

– Neither: Not either; not one or the other.


1 Rock

2 Mineral

3 Rock

4 Neither

5 Mineral

6 Not Pretzel

6 Mineral (Salt)

• Table Salt (NaCl) under electron microscope on pretzel is a mineral.

7 Mineral

8 Rock

9 Mineral

10 Mineral

• #11 Bonus:

“Who am I?” “Any of my

names count.”

• #11 Answer: “I am The Rock.” “My real name is

Dwayne Johnson.”

Uses of MineralsUses of Minerals----


Gems: Rare highly prized minerals.Gems: Rare highly prized minerals.


• Activity! How many gemstones can the class name?

• Birth Stones.

Ores: Useful mineral that can be Ores: Useful mineral that can be mined for profit.mined for profit.


Six types of crystals.Six types of crystals.------------


Hexagonal. Hexagonal. (Four axis, three are equal in length and (Four axis, three are equal in length and

lie at an angle of 120° from each other).lie at an angle of 120° from each other).


• Hexagonal. – (Four axis, three are equal in length and lie at

an angle of 120° from each other)

• Trigonal – Part of Hexagonal.

Triclinic:Triclinic:(3 axis, all unequal and none at 90° (3 axis, all unequal and none at 90°

angles).angles).


• Triclinic.

1

• Triclinic. (3 axis)

1

2

• Triclinic. (3 axis)

1

2

3

Orthorhombic: (All axis unequal in Orthorhombic: (All axis unequal in length, and 90° degrees from each length, and 90° degrees from each other). other).


Monoclinic:Monoclinic:All axis unequal in length.All axis unequal in length.Two of them are at right angles to each Two of them are at right angles to each

other, while the third lies at an angle other, while the third lies at an angle other than 90°. other than 90°.

• Monoclinic. (All axis unequal in length)

• Monoclinic. (All unequal in length)

• Monoclinic. (All axis unequal in length)

Tetragonal. (Three axis, two are equal Tetragonal. (Three axis, two are equal in length, one is unequal.) in length, one is unequal.)


• Tetragonal. (Three axis, two are equal in length, one is unequal.)

Isometric:Isometric:(Can you describe…?) (Can you describe…?)


(All three axis are equal in length and (All three axis are equal in length and at 90at 90° degrees from each other.)° degrees from each other.)

• Activity! Who can hold on to their token? If you get the question correct you don’t lose your token.– Best of luck, you are on the honor system.

• Activity! Who can hold on to their token? If you get the question correct you don’t lose your token.– Best of luck, you are on the honor system.

Warning! Rarely does anyone win on this challenge.

• 50 / 50 Challenge

• True = Cover side False =

• 50 / 50 Challenge

• True = Cover side False = Mirror side

• This crystal is hexagonal?


• False! Tetragonal (2 equal sides)


• True! (3 equal sides)

• Which crystal is Isometric?

• This crystal is tetragonal?

• This crystal is tetragonal?

• False! Monoclinic (Not 90°)

• This is a monoclinic crystal?

• This is a monoclinic crystal?

• True! All unequal sides.

• These are both tetragonal crystals?

• These are both tetragonal crystals?

• True! 2 sides are equal.

• Which is a hexagonal crystal?

• The other is tetragonal?

• The other is tetragonal?

• False! Monoclinic (no equal sides)

• This is a isometric crystal?

• This is a isometric crystal?

• True! (All equal and 90°).

• This crystal is Isometric?

ii

• This crystal is Isometric?

• False! Orthorhombic. (Unequal).

ii

• Does anyone still have their cd?

• Follow-up! Growing Crystals Demonstration.– Add salt to boiling hot water until no more will


then set it in a sunny, dry spot to dry. – The next day, using a stereoscope, draw the

crystals that you see.


• Salt forms Isometric Crystals.

• Please try and match the name to the crystal type.

• Hexagonal

• Isometric

• Tetragonal

• Orthorhombic


A

B

C

D


• Orthorhombic

• Tetragonal

• Isometric

• Hexagonal


A

B

C

D

• Is this correct, if not, what is wrong?

• Hexagonal

• Isometric

• Tetragonal

• Orthorhombic


A

B

C

D


• Answer: No C D

• Hexagonal

• Isometric

• Tetragonal

• Orthorhombic


A

B

C

D


• Answer: Correct

• Hexagonal

• Isometric

• Tetragonal

• Orthorhombic


A

B

C

D


• Monoclinic

• Trigonal

• Triclinic


C

B

A


• Trigonal

• Triclinic

• Monclinic


C

B

A

• Is the following correct? Fix it if it is wrong.

• Trigonal

• Triclinic

• Monclinic


C

B

A

• Is the following correct? Fix it if it is wrong.

• Answer: No, A B

• Trigonal

• Triclinic

• Monclinic


C

B

A

• Is this correct? How should we fix it if it’s not?

• Monoclinic

• Trigonal

• Triclinic


C

B

A

• Is this correct? How should we fix it if it’s not? Answer: No,

• Monoclinic

• Trigonal

• Triclinic


C

B

A

• Is this correct? How should we fix it if it’s not?

• Monoclinic

• Trigonal

• Triclinic


C

B

A

• Last Question! What movie is this?

• Answer! The Dark Crystal 1982 Directed by Jim Henson and Frank Oz.

Two main types of mineralsTwo main types of minerals----


Silicate Minerals: Contain silica and Silicate Minerals: Contain silica and oxygen. 75% of all minerals.oxygen. 75% of all minerals.


Non-silicate minerals: All others.Non-silicate minerals: All others.


• Note for next slide!

• Note for next slide!– Igneous rocks are a type of rock that comes

from cooled Magma or lava.

• Note for next slide!– Igneous rocks are a type of rock that comes

from cooled Magma or lava. – This is the start to all types of rocks

• Characteristics of Igneous Rocks

• Remember felsic magma / Lava?– Felsic Igneous Rocks

• Composition of Aluminum and Silicon• Low Density• Light in Color• Feldspars and Quartz Minerals


• Remember felsic magma / lava?– Felsic Igneous Rocks

• Composition of Aluminum and Silicon• Low Density• Light in Color• Feldspars and Quartz Minerals


• Remember mafic magma / lava?


• Remember mafic magma / lava?– Mafic Igneous Rocks– Composition of Iron and Magnesium– High Density– Darker in Color– Biotite


• Remember mafic magma / lava?– Mafic Igneous Rocks– Composition of Iron and Magnesium– High Density– Darker in Color– Biotite, Olivine


• Remember mafic magma / lava?– Mafic Igneous Rocks– Composition of Iron and Magnesium– High Density– Darker in Color– Biotite, Olivine, Pyroxene


• Remember mafic magma / lava?– Mafic Igneous Rocks– Composition of Iron and Magnesium– High Density– Darker in Color– Biotite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole


• Remember mafic magma / lava?– Mafic Igneous Rocks– Composition of Iron and Magnesium– High Density– Darker in Color– Biotite, Olivine, Pyroxene, Amphibole Minerals

• Which minerals are Felsic and which are characterized Mafic?

1 2

3 4

• Activity! Learning to identify minerals.– You will be given class time to memorize the

small collection of minerals.

• Activity! Learning to identify minerals.– Please use the provided flashcards / mineral

kits to memorize the names and some general uses / facts about common minerals.

This ore is the main source of

aluminum which the most abundant

mineral in the Earth’s crust.

Bauxite



– Write the name of the mineral on the back of the flashcards.




BauxiteBauxite Bauxite Bauxite

Back View



– Write the name of the mineral on the back of the flashcards. Then cut the flash cards out and try to line up the three boxes to complete each mineral.




Bauxite

Front View

• Flashcards: Color images with crayons / markers to the colors below. Spread cards out over table, and then align the name, picture, and descriptive text in a row.

• Activity! On the next slide, please identify the pictures that have been switched. Try and tell me their correct location.

• Not smart board Activity! Align the three boxes so they make the correct mineral.

• Not smart board Activity! Align the three boxes so they make the correct mineral. Answer

• Activity! Mineral Kits

• Quiz Wiz – Name the Mineral (1-10)

• +1 bonus question


• Processed and used as prefabricated wallboard or an industrial or building plaster.

1

• The most common mineral on the face of the Earth. In every rock type. Primary mineral >98%.

2

• Used in the manufacturing of acid, fertilizers, chemicals, explosives. Smells of rotten eggs. Yellow

3

• Iron Ioxide - black colored or reddish brown (rust-like) Named for the Greek word blood.

4

• A high grade of coal. Made of carbon, found in pencils, conducts electricity. Has luster / shine. Can be a lubricant.

5

• Mineral made of aluminum and potassium. Has a cleavage that can form sheets. Can be transparent or translucent.

6

• Colorful mineral in light. Well known and prized for its glassy luster and rich variety of colors.

7

• An iron sulfide often called “Fools Gold”. Used to create a spark in ancient times. Used in paper today and to create sulfuric acid.

8

• A rock-forming mineral (Aluminum and Silica) industrially important in glass.

9

• Used in human and animal diet, food seasoning and food preservations. Helps to melt ice.

10

• Bonus #1) This ore is the main source of aluminum which the most abundant mineral in the Earth’s crust.

*11

• Answers to Name the Mineral
