GEOGRAPHY

Physical Geography Paper – I

a. Geomorphology b. Climatology c. Oceanography d. Environmental Geography

Human Geography Paper – II

a. Economic Geography b. Cultural Geography c. Geographic Thought d. Geography of India with reference to Karnataka

Paper – I: Physical Geography

Paper – I (a) Geomorphology

Unit – I

Unit - II

Origin of the Earth, Internal structure of the earth, Concept of Isostasy, Plate Tectonics Earth Movements – Orogenic and eperiogenic movements, Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Unit - III Process of weathering and Mass wasting, concept of cycle of erosion – Penck and Davis.

Unit - IV Landforms associated with Arid, coastal, glacial and fluvial

Reference

1. Strahler A.N. ‘ The Earth Sciences, Harper and Row NY 2. Thornbury W.D. ‘ Principles of Geomorphlogy’ 3. Dasgupta and Kapoor ‘Principles of Physical Geography’ 4. Siddhartha K ‘ Physical Geomorphology’ 5. Majid Hussain ‘Geomorphology’

CLIMATOLOGY

Paper – I(B) Unit I Composition , Structure of Atmosphere, Insolation, Distribution of temperature Unit II Atmospheric pressure – Distribution of pressure belts, winds – planetary wind – Monsoon,

Local Winds, Humidity and Precipitation Unit III Air Masses – Origin, classification and Fronts – Cyclones – tropical and temperate thunderstorms Unit IV Classification of world climate – Koeppen and Thornth waite, EL-nino and Lanino global warming, Recent trends in climatology.

1. Savindra Singh ‘ Climatology’ Reference:

2. Triwartha , GT & Horn L.A. ‘Introduction to climate’ 3. Lal DS ‘climatology’ 4. Grifith Tailor ‘ Introduction to climatology’ 5. Berry and Chorloy : Atmosphere , weather & climate. 6. Dasgupta and Kapoor ; ‘ Principles of Physical Geography’

Unit I

Unit II

Unit III

Unit IV

Paper I : C.

OCEANOGRAPHY The permanency of ocean basins; Theories of permanency, Location, Extent of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Submarine canyons : Origin and distribution. Configuration of ocean floor – continental shelf, slope, plain and deeps of Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Physical and chemical properties of ocean water, temperature – distribution, salinity – origin distribution and factors affecting salinity. Ocean deposits – Terragenious and paleagic, ocean currents – origin, types and distribution - Tides – theories , types . coral reefs – origin types and theories . Impact of Humans on marine environment.

Reference:

1. Lal D.S. ‘ Oceanography’ Sharada Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad 2. Vattal & Sharma ‘ Oceanography for Geographers, Chytanya publications, Allahabad 3. Sharma R.C. ‘Oceanography for Geographers ‘Chytanya publications, Allahabad 4. Savindra Singh ‘ Physical Geography’ Prayag Pustak Bhavan, Allahabad.

Unit I:

Unit II:

Unit III:

Unit IV:

PAPER I (D) ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGRAPHY

Fundamental Concepts of Environmental Geography, concept of Ecosystem, , Functions, Structure, Nutrient cycles – Food Webs, Biomes – equatorial to polar Environmental quality , Environmental degradation, Environmental pollution – air, water – land and noise pollution and their effects. Environmental Hazards and Risks ; Types and distribution, consequences and human adjustments to Natural hazards – Floods, droughts , Earth quakes and volcanoes. Environmental Management : Concept, strategies and need for Environmental planning and Management – sustainable development , Management of Environmental quality. Environmental impact assessment(EIA)

Reference:

1. Strhaler and strahler A.H. ‘Geography of Man’s environment’ 2. Frank R.G. & Frank D.N. ‘ Man and his environment’ 3. Savindrasingh ‘Environmental Geography’ 4. Saxena H.M. ‘Environmental Geography’ 5. Robinson H. ‘ Bio Geography’ ELBS, Newyork

Unit I:

Unit II:

Unit III:

Unit IV:

Paper II

a): ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY Economic Geography as an Interdisciplinary subject . Approaches to economic Geography, Fundamental concepts Resources : Concepts, classification Soil resource - Formation, classification, conservation. Water resources : Underground and surface water, Water Pollution, water conservation Mineral – Types of mineral resources, distribution of metallic minerals, Iron Ore , Gold, Manganese and their conservation. Power resources – Types, distribution, conservation of coal, petroleum, Hydroelectricity Agriculture : Determinants of agriculture, systems of agriculture, Methods of regionalization. Vonthunian Model and diffusion models. Industries : Locational factors, theories of Industrial location – Weber – Losch – Industrial hazards – Air,water and land – their impact on health. Industrial regions of the world.

Reference:

1. Jarett H.R ‘ Manufacturing Geography ‘ Mac Donald Xemolds, London 2. Smith ‘ Industrial Location, Prentice Hall, Englewood, cliff NJ 3. Alexanderson C, ‘ Geography of Manufacturing ‘ Prentice hall, NJ 4. Hortshorn & Alexander : ‘Economic Geography ‘ Prentice hall, NJ

Paper II

(b) : Cultural Geography

Unit I:

Unit II:

Unit III:

Unit IV:

Concept of culture, themes in cultural geography, (5 themes), cultural elements and components of culture. Cultural diversity, basis of cultural diversity . Races, Religion, Language and diffusion. Cultural realms of the world, concept of cultural realms, classification and problems in classification. Major Ethnic Groups – Bushman , Eskimos , Pigmies and Khirgies, settlements , Rural & urban – Types of rural settlements, Rural VS urban , Rural depopulation, Urban land use theories – Harries, Ulman Hoyet. Functional classification of town.

Reference:

1. Robestein JH & Robert S Barren ‘ Cultural Landscape : An Introduction to Human Geography, Prentice Hall, New Delhi.

2. Singh R.Y ‘ Geography of Settlements ‘ Rawath, publication, Jaipur 3. Hussain M ‘ Human Geography ‘Rawath, publication ,Jaipur 4. Dicken & Pill ‘ Introduction to Cultural Geography’ 5. Karlen ‘ Man & Land’

Unit I:

Unit II:

Unit III:

Unit IV:

PAPER II

(C): Geographic Thought Field of Geography : Structure of modern geography, Explanation in Geography, Themes of Geography – Area differentiation, landscape, Man – environment themes, spatial distribution, geometric , man environment theme. Development of Geography : Ancient, Medieval , Modern, School of thoughts – German, French, British , American and Russian School of thought. Dualism Geography : Need , Systematic VS Regional, Determinism VS Possibilism, Ideographic VS Nomothetic, Quantitative revolution. Scientific Approach , Hypothesis , Models , Theories and Law, Nature and characteristics of Spatial Data.

Reference:

1. Adhikari S ; ‘Fundamentals of Geographic Thought ‘ Concept publishing co, New Delhi. 2. Dikshit R.D : ‘ Geographic thought : A Conceptual History of Ideas , Prentice Hall Publishing company, New

Delhi – 2 3. Majid Hussain : ‘Evoluations of Geographic thought’, Rawat publications, New Delhi. 4. David Harvey : ‘ Explanations in Geography’, Mac Millian , Newyork.

PAPER II

d) GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO kARNATAkA

Unit I:

Unit II:

Unit III:

Unit IV:

Physical setting - India – Karnataka; Location, physiographic divisions, Drainage pattern and vegetation. Population: Growth, density, distribution , Literacy , sex ratio, Migration= - Urbanization – trend – after independence – population policy Agriculture - Agriculture land use pattern, Major crops – rice , wheat, cotton , Sugar Cane, Tea, Coffee. Major Irrigation projects – Krishna, Tungabhadra, Cauvery, Bhakranangal, DVC, Nagarjun Sagar. Industries; Locational Factors, Iron Steel industries, cotton textile, cement, Industrial regions of India, Transport System – Road, Railways and Water ways.

Reference:

1. Majid Hussain : ‘Regional Geography of India’, Rawath publishers, New Delhi 2. Negi BS: Geography of India ‘ , Kedarnath , New Delhi 3. Ranganath & Somashekar : “ Geomorphology of Karnataka” Dept of Mines & Geology, Khanija Bhavan,

Bangalore 4. Reddy & Murthy : “ Karnataka State ” 5. Singh RL : India : A Regional Geography varanasi 6. Spate OHK & Learminth ATA : “India & Pakistan” , Mathew, London