Geography of Religion In USA

Chap 6 ReligionEnvs 204

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Objectives

• Spatial Distribution of Religion in USA– Sources of Data and Trends– Regional Distributions

• Explanations for Differential Distribution– Immigration into the USA– Internal Migration

• Speculation on Consequences– Political Behavior– Community Stability

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• Americanisms – Founders came for Religious Freedom (ignores what pull factor?)

• Religious differences & disputes are central to our history– Enshrined in Bill of Rights– Greater diversity then

anywhere else in world– Recent elections raise new

religious issues• Gay marriage• Abortion• “Correct” religious background

Background

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Signing Mayflower Compact

41 of the 102 passengers were Puritan others were called “strangers”

Introduction• Conclusion – Religion has important role

• However in US it is more complex and less uniform then many believe– Historical – who was on the Mayflower, what

was the complete purpose of Plymouth Plantation?

– What happened to non-Puritans in Boston?• Quakers• King’s Chapel 1686

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King’s Chapel

Religious Make up

• Data – what is available– Census? – Not available– Where else available?

• Religious body data– Different groups different rules– Practicing?

» Protestants» Catholics» Others

– Problem – data not uniform, unsatisfactory

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Self reported data

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Polls

• Pew, Harris, National Survey of Religious Identification (NSRI), American Religious Identity Survey (ARIS),…

• Source http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/

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Recent Harris Poll Resultshttp://www.gallup.com/poll/1690/religion.aspx

1990 Est. 2001 Est. 2004 Est.% of U.S.

Pop.,%

Change

Adult Pop. ADULT Pop. Total Pop. 20001990 - 2000

Christianity 151,225,000 159,030,000 224,437,959 76.50% 5%

Nonreligious/Secular 13,116,000 27,539,000 38,865,604 13.20% 110%

Judaism 3,137,000 2,831,000 3,995,371 1.30% -10%

Islam 527,000 1,104,000 1,558,068 0.50% 109%

Buddhism 401,000 1,082,000 1,527,019 0.50% 170%

Agnostic 1,186,000 991,000 1,398,592 0.50% -16%

Atheist 902,000 1,272,986 0.40%

Hinduism 227,000 766,000 1,081,051 0.40% 237%

Unitarian Universalist 502,000 629,000 887,703 0.30% 25%

Wiccan/Pagan/Druid 307,000 433,267 0.10%

Spiritualist 116,000 163,710 0.05%

Native American Religion 47,000 103,000 145,363 0.05% 119%

Baha'i 28,000 84,000 118,549 0.04% 200%

New Age 20,000 68,000 95,968 0.03% 240%

Sikhism 13,000 57,000 80,444 0.03% 338%

Scientology 45,000 55,000 77,621 0.02% 22%

Humanist 29,000 49,000 69,153 0.02% 69%

Deity (Deist) 6,000 49,000 69,153 0.02% 717%

Taoist 23,000 40,000 56,452 0.02% 74%Eckankar 18,000 26,000 36,694 0.01% 44%

Religion

Top Twenty Religions in the United States, 2001(self-identification, ARIS)

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http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/metro/documents/aris030609.pdf

American Religious Self-Identification Survey

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The politics of race and religion — in two pie chartsBy Chris Cillizza, Published: September 10, 2012 Washington Post washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2012/09/10/the-politics-of-race-and-religion-in-two-pie-charts/

Fully 87% … are white in 2012 Pew polling while just 5 percent are Hispanic and four percent are black.

12Sixty-one percent of Democrats and Democratic-leaners are white while 21 percent are black and 10 percent are Hispanic.

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Summary

• Great variation in estimates of percentage and numbers of Christians (82% vs. 71%)

• Note the growing importance of Non-Christians and Non-religious

• Thus we can only make broad statements – use with caution

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Church or Synagog Attendance shows slightly differerent pattern

Regional Concentrations

From Religious Atlas of USAhttp://www.valpo.edu/geomet/geo/courses/geo200/religion.html

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The Restoration Movement (also known as the American Restoration Movement or the Stone-Campbell Movement, and pejoratively as Campbellism) is a Christian movement that began on the United States frontier during the Second Great Awakening (1790–1840) of the early 19th century. The pioneers of this movement were seeking to reform the church from within [1] and sought "the unification of all Christians in a single body patterned after the church of the New Testament."[2]:54 It has been described as the "oldest ecumenical movement in America":[3]

Includes groups like: Churches of Christ, unaffiliated Christian Church/Church of Christ congregations, and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)

Local Example Bellingham:First Christian Church495 E Bakerview Rd

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Urban & Rural Patterns

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Patterns

• Largest Group varies by Region

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Clear Spatial Patterns for Religious Groups

Processes

•Urban vs Rural

•East vs West/ or North vs South

•East to West Migration

•Largest regional groups and causes

•Politically split religions

•The frozen north? Or Garrison Keller’s buddies. Initial immigration pattern

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Let’s Explore WA State

• http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/state/washington/

• http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/#geography

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Speculation• Religious Affiliation will continue to effect

nation and Religious history• Regional differences will change

– More merging of older groups– Current Expansion of Evangelicals– Continued increase of internal migration– New immigrants bring religion to borders– Increase of religiously non-affiliated

• Greater diversity of electorate in the future, more difficult to play the religion card?

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