geography
TRANSCRIPT
PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHY
Physical Geography1. GeomorphologyFactors controlling landform development; endogenetic and exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentals of geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines; Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building; Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development ; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology; Erosion surfaces; Slope development ; Applied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology and environment.
2. ClimatologyTemperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability. Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and fronto genesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution of precipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology and Urban climate.
3. OceanographyBottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sea-level changes; law of the sea and marine pollution.
4. BiogeographyGenesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres.
5. Environmental GeographyPrinciple of ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management and conservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmental hazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.
Human Geography
1. Perspectives in Human GeographyAreal differentiation; regional synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolution and locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches; Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Human development index.
2. Economic GeographyWorld economic development: measurement and problems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits to growth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes, effects and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems; patterns of world trade.
3. Population and Settlement GeographyGrowth and distribution of world population; demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration; concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life;
Population as social capital. Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in rural settlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphere of urban influence; Rural - urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remedies of urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.
4. Regional PlanningConcept of a region; Types of regions and methods of regionalisation; Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances; regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development.
5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human GeographySystems analysis in Human geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models; Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;Perroux and Boudeville; Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location; Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA
1. 1. Physical SettingSpace relationship of India with neighboring countries; Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Natural vegetation; Soil types and their distributions.
2. ResourcesLand, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources; Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energy crisis.
3. AgricultureInfrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutional factors: land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability; Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio- economic and ecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources and white revolution; aqua - culture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agricultural regionalisation; agro-climatic zones; agro- ecological regions.
4. IndustryEvolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro - based industries; Industrial houses and complexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalisation; New industrial policies; Multinationals and liberalization; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including eco -tourism.
5. Transport, Communication and Trade Road, railway, waterway, airway and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development; Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indian space programme.
6. Cultural SettingHistorical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; cultural regions; Growth, distribution
and density of population; Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force, dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra- regional and international) and associated problems; Population problems and policies; Health indicators.
7. SettlementsTypes, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urban developments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indian cities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; Slums and associated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies.
8. Regional Development and PlanningExperience of regional planning in India; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning; Command area development; Watershed management; Planning for backward area, desert, drought prone, hill, tribal area development; multi-level planning; Regional planning and development of island territories.
9. Political AspectsGeographical basis of Indian federalism; State reorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and inter state issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross border terrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
10. Contemporary IssuesEcological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues relating to environmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management; Population explosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation, desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest; Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growth and development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy.
Note : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinent to subjects covered by this paper.
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Administrative Theory1. Introduction
Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration; Wilson's vision of Public Administration; Evolution of the discipline and its present status; New Public Administration; Public Choice approach; Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance: concept and application; New Public Management.
2. Administrative Thought Scientific Management and Scientific Management movement; Classical Theory; Weber's bureaucratic model - its critique and post-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett); Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive (C.I. Barnard); Simon's decision-making theory; Participative Management (R. Likert, C.Argyris, D.McGregor).
3. Administrative BehaviourProcess and techniques of decision-making; Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories - content, process and contemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modern.
4. Organisations Theories - systems, contingency; Structure and forms: Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies, Boards and Commissions; Ad hoc and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Field relationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public - Private Partnerships.
5. Accountability and control Concepts of accountability and control; Legislative, Executive and Judicial control over administration; Citizen and Administration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civil society; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.
6. Administrative LawMeaning, scope and significance; Dicey on Administrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.
7. Comparative Public AdministrationHistorical and sociological factors affecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in different countries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and administration; Riggsian models and their critique.
8. Development DynamicsConcept of development; Changing profile of development administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy and development; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisation on administration in developing countries; Women and development – the self-help group movement.
9. Personnel AdministrationImportance of human resource development; Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline, performance appraisal, promotion, pay and service conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct; Administrative ethics.
10. Public PolicyModels of policy-making and their critique; Processes of conceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review and their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.
11. Techniques of Administrative ImprovementOrganisation and methods, Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology; Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.
12. Financial AdministrationMonetary and fiscal policies; Public borrowings and public debt Budgets - types and forms; Budgetary process; Financial accountability; Accounts and audit.
Indian Administration1. 1. Evolution of Indian Administration
Kautilya’s Arthashastra; Mughal administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and
administration - Indianization of public services, revenue administration, district administration, local self-government.
2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of governmentSalient features and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracy and democracy; Bureaucracy and development.
3. Public Sector UndertakingsPublic sector in modern India; Forms of Public Sector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control; Impact of liberalization and privatization.
4. Union Government and Administration Executive, Parliament, Judiciary - structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intra-governmental relations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat; Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Field organizations.
5. Plans and Priorities Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functions of the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’ planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels; Constitutional Amendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic development and social justice.
6. State Government and Administration Union-State administrative, legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor; Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat; Directorates.
7. District Administration since Independence Changing role of the Collector; Union-state-local relations; Imperatives of development management and law and order administration; District administration and democratic decentralization.
8. Civil Services Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and capacity-building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline; Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civil service neutrality; Civil service activism.
9. Financial Management Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentary control of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscal area; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accounts and Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
10. Administrative Reforms since Independence Major concerns; Important Committees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and human resource development; Problems of implementation.
11. Rural Development Institutions and agencies since independence; Rural development programmes: foci and strategies; Decentralization and Panchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.
12. Urban Local Government Municipal governance: main features, structures, finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-local debate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administration with special reference to city management.
13. Law and Order Administration British legacy; National Police Commission; Investigative agencies; Role of central and state agencies including paramilitary forces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency and terrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-public relations; Reforms in Police.
14. Significant issues in Indian Administration Values in public service; Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems of administration in coalition regimes; Citizen-administration interface; Corruption and administration; Disaster management.
2. POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Administrative Theory
Political Theory and Indian Politics
1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.2. Theories of the State: Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluralist, Post-colonial and feminist.3. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of justice and its communitarian critiques.4. Equality: Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and freedom; Affirmative action.5. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; concept of Human Rights.6. Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models of democracy – representative, participatory and deliberative.7. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.8. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism and Feminism.9. Indian Political Thought : Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M.K. Gandhi, B.R. Ambedkar, M.N. Roy .10. Western Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, John S. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.
Indian Government and Politics1. 1. Indian Nationalism
a. Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle: Constitutionalism to mass Satyagraha, Non-cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and revolutionary movements, Peasant and workers’ movements. b. Perspectives on Indian National Movement: Liberal, Socialist and Marxist; Radical humanist and Dalit.
2. Making of the Indian Constitution: Legacies of the British rule; different social and political perspectives.
3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and Amendment Procedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.
4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and Supreme Court.
(b) Principal Organs of the State Government: Envisaged role and actual working of the Executive, Legislature and High Courts.
5. Grassroots Democracy: Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government: significance of 73rd and 74th Amendments; Grassroot movements.
6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions: Election Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission, National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human Rights Commission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward Classes Commission.
7. Federalism: Constitutional provisions: changing nature of centre-state relations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-state disputes.
8. Planning and Economic Development: Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives; role of planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarian relations; liberalilzation and economic reforms.
9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.
10. Party System: National and regional political parties, ideological and social bases of parties; patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends in electoral behaviour; changing socio- economic profile of Legislators.
11. Social Movements:Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’s movements; environmentalist movements.
Comparative Politics and International Relations
Comparative Political Analysis and International Politics:
1. Comparative Politics:Nature and major approaches; political economy and political sociology perspectives; limitations of the comparative method.
2. State in comparative perspective:Characteristics and changing nature of the State in capitalist and socialist economies, and, advanced industrial and developing societies.
3. Politics of Representation and Participation: Political parties, pressure groups and social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.
4. Globalisation: Responses from developed and developing societies.
5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Marxist, Functionalist and Systems theory.
6. Key concepts in International Relations: National interest, Security and power; Balance of power and deterrence; Transnational actors and collective security; World capitalist economy and globalisation.
7. Changing International Political Order:(a) Rise of super powers; strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and Cold War; nuclear threat;
(b) Nonaligned movement: Aims and achievements;(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; relevance of non-alignment in the contemporary world.
8. Evolution of the International Economic System: From Brettonwoods to WTO; Socialist economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance); Third World demand for new international economic order; Globalisation of the world economy.
9. United Nations: Envisaged role and actual record; specialized UN agenciesaims and functioning; need for UN reforms.
10. Regionalisation of World Politics: EU, ASEAN, APEC, SAARC, NAFTA.
11. Contemporary Global Concerns: Democracy, human rights, environment,gender justice, terrorism, nuclear proliferation.
India and the World:1. 1. Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants of foreign policy; institutions of policymaking;
continuity and change.
2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement: Different phases; currentrole.
3. India and South Asia:(a) Regional Co-operation: SAARC – past performance and future prospects.(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.(c) India’s “Look East” policy.(d) Impediments to regional co-operation: river water disputes; illegal cross-border migration; ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; border disputes.
4. India and the Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; leadership role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.
5. India and the Global Centres of Power: USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.
6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; demand for Permanent Seat in the Security Council.
7. India and the Nuclear Question: Changing perceptions and policy.
8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign policy: India’s position on the recent crises in Afghanistan, Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US and Israel; vision of a new world order.
Recommended Books for UPSC Civil Service Prelims
Paper I - General Studies
1. History (Indian History and Indian National Movement)
Essential:
NCERT books IX, X, XI, XII
Modern India by Bipin Chandra
Additional:
History of Modern India by A.C Banerjee
2. Geography (Indian and World Geography)
Essential:
NCERT books IX, X, XI, XII
General Principals of World Geography by Charles Farro
School Atlas
Additional:
Certificate Course in Geography by Goh Cheng Leong
3. Economics (Indian Economics and Economic Theory)
Essential:
An Evolution of Indian Economy by I.C. Dhingra
Economic Survey of India by Govt. of India
Economic Dictionary by Penguin
Additional:
Indian Economy by Dutta and Sundara
Indian Economy by Mishra and Puri
Economic Dictionary by Collins
4. Polity (Indian Constitution)
Essential:
An Introduction to the Constitution of India by D.D. Basu
Additional:
Our Constitution by Dr. Subhash Kashyap
5. General Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)
Essential –
NCERT books IX, X
Additional:
Anatomy & Physiology by Evelyn Pearce
6. Environment (Ecology, Bio-diversity, Climate Change)
Essential:
Biology and Geography NCERT Books plus current events on Environmental Issues
7. Current Affairs
Essential:
Hindu and Economic Times Newspapers
Frontline, Political & Economic Weeks Periodicals
Additional:
India Year book
Paper II – Aptitude
1. Numeracy
Essential:
NCERT Mathematics VII, IX, X
2. Data Interpretation
Essential:
Data Interpretation and Data Sufficiency by Tyra and Kundan
3. English Comprehension and Communication
Essential:
Objective General English by R.S. Agarwal
4. Logical Reasoning
Essential:
A Modern Approach to Verbal Reasoning by R.S. Agarwal
Additional:
A new Approach to Reasoning by Sijwali and Sijwali
1. Indian Administration - Ramesh K. Arora & Rajni Goyal.2. Indian Administration - S.R. Maheswari.3. Administrative Theory - Avasti & Avasti
4. Public Administration - Avasti & Maheswari.5. Administrative Thinkers - R. Prasad and Prasad.6. Administrative Thinkers - S.R. Maheswari.7. Public Administration - Sadan and Sharma8. Local Government - S.R. Maheswari.9. New Horizons of Public Administration - Mohit Bhattacharya.10. Public Administration Theory and concepts - Rumki Basu11. Public Administration (Manual) (TATA MC Graw Hill) - Laxmikanth.12. Indian Constitution - D.D. Basup (or) Pandey.13. Public Administration and Public Affairs - Nicholas Henry.14. Modern Public Administration - Nigro and Nigro.
REFERENCE BOOKS OVERALL :To put the subject in its proper context the historical development (evolution of public administration discipline) of the subject should be studied with great emphasis.
Public administration in theory and practice - M.P. Sharma and B.L Sadan Public administration - Mohit Bhattacharya Modern public administration - Nigro and Nigro Theories and principles of administration : Administrative thinkers - Prasad & Prasad Principles of management - Terry and Frankline Administrative Behaviors: Managing organizational behavior - Paul Hersey & Kenneth Blanchard Personal Administration - Public personal administration - O. Glennstal Financial administration: Financial administration of India - M.J.K. Thavaray Comparative administration : public administration a comparative perspective - Ferrel Heady or Comparative
public administration - Ramesh Control over administration : Public administration - Avasthi & Maheswari Central administration in India: Central administration - A. Avasthi Civil Services in India : Indian administration - S.R. Maheswari, State District and local administration: State administration - J.D. Shukla District administration -- S. S. Khera Local Government in India - S.R. Maheshwari Laxmikant's guide (for clearing conepts) IGNOU Study Materials IJPA articles on relevant topics Current News Papers
Civil Services Books For General Studies
Preliminary IAS (General Studies)
Subject Indian History Good books
History books of Classes XI and XII - NCERT Freedom Struggle (NET) - Bipin Chandra
Subject World Geography - including Indian Geography Good books
Principles of Geography (Class XII-Part I, II) General Geography of India (Class XII) Part I - NCERT Geography of India - Resources and Regional Development Part II (Class XII) - NCERT Physical Geography - Leong Atlas
Subject Indian Polity Good book
Introduction to Indian Constitution - D.D. Basu Related
Subject Indian Economy Good books
Evolution of Indian Economy - NCERT Indian Economy - Dutt and Sundharam. Indian Economy - Mishra and Puri
Subject General Science Good books
NCERT books on Science. Science and Technology supplements in the Newspapers and magazines.
Subject Current Events of National and International importance. Good books
One major National Daily - Either The Times of India or The Hindu. Newsweeklies like India Today or/and Outlook
Current Events - Spectrum
Subject General Mental Ability Good books
No special preparation is required in this area. But some practice may be done from any exercise books or quantitative aptitude. In fact, an intelligent calculation is the basic requirement for this topic.
Main (General Studies)
Subject History of Modern IndiaGood books
India's struggle for Independence - Bipan Chandra and others. Modern India - NCERT. Freedom Struggle (NBT) - Bipan Chandra Modern India - IGNOU
o If one is hard pressed for time, he/she may skip the Modern India and Freedom Struggle.
Subject Indian CultureGood books
Art and Culture portions of history books and Gazetteer of India. Culture Chapter (s) in the India Year Book. Encyclopaedia of Indian Culture. A good library invariably has more than one encyclopaedia on
Indian Art and Culture selected notes may be taken from it. Books on culture / cultural topics brought out by Publications Division of Ministry of Information
and broadcasting and National Book Trust.
Subject Current AffairsGood books
At least one major national newspaper - either The Times of India or The Hindu Newsweeklies like India Today or/and Outlook Current Affairs and News Analysis of BBC. Current events - Spectrum
Subject StatisticsGood book
Book on Statistics (Class XI) - NCERT
Subject Indian Polity and ConstitutionGood books
Introduction to the Constitution of India - D.D. Basu. Our Parliament - S.C. Kashyap
Subject Indian Geography and EconomyGood books
Indian Geography (Class XI and XII) - NCERT Yozna Indian Economy - Dutt and Sundharam/Mishra and Puri The editorial page of the Economic Times.
Subject Science and TechnologyGood books
Science and Technology section of the Wednesday edition of the newspaper 'The Hindu'. Science and Technology Published by the Spectrum. Yozna contains science and environment related topics.