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Gender Responsive Budgeting: Initiation and present status in Nepal Yoga Nath Poudel Ministry of Finance Nepal November 11,2014

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Page 1: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Gender Responsive Budgeting:Initiation and present status in Nepal

Yoga Nath PoudelMinistry of Finance

Nepal

November 11,2014

Page 2: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Under‐investment in women and girls is costly in terms of human development 

outcomes and growth. 

Page 3: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Presentation outline

Context o Global context

o Macroeconomic situation in Nepal

o Gender equality and women’s empowerment‐ progress to date

Interventions

Results

Opportunities

Way forward 

Page 4: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Global context

The concept of Gender Responsive Budgeting (GRB) came to the attention of policy makers very recently.  

GRB was implemented in Australia for the first time in 1984 as a Gender Mainstreaming Strategy. 

The UN 4th World Conference on Women and the Beijing Platform for Action in 1995 also endorsed this concept.

Beijing+20 review: ensuring adequate financing for gender equality as a cross‐cutting issue in all the critical areas of concern.

Page 5: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Current macroeconomic situation 

IndicatorsStatus in 2012/13

Gross national income per capita (US $) 721.0Economic growth rate 3.6‐ Agricultural sector growth rate 1.3‐ Non‐agricultural sector growth rate 5.0Inflation rate 9.9Annual average growth rate in employment 2.9Revenue growth rate 23.0Total expenditure (as percentage of GDP) 26.3Poverty rate 23.8Source: NPC (2014)

Page 6: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Some Issues on Capital Expenditure

Lower allocation • Average allocation in total budget of 3 years is 17.2 percent

• Few reasons • Recurrent expenditure getting height • Social security costs including Pensions increasing  remarkably

• Remuneration alone covers nearly one fifth of total budget

Page 7: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Progress on gender equality and women’s empowerment

Commitment to normative frameworks and international standards, (CEDAW, BPfA, MDGs, UNSCR 1325)

Adoption of several progressive laws, policies and plans

Women secured 30%  representation in the November 2013 elections to the CA

On track to achieve most of the MDGs (6 out of 8)

Committed to post‐2015 development agenda and stand‐alone goal on gender equality

Women’s development priorities should focus on 3 Ls: Learning, Labour and Leadership

Page 8: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Interventions

Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐ a key development objective of the Tenth Plan (2002‐2007)

Ongoing partnership with UN Women

Gender coding in programmmes and projects through MTEF

Gender Responsive Budgeting (since 2007/08) 

GRB methodology designed and being implemented 

GRB system in MOF’s leadership – Budget chief as GRBC coordinator

Inclusion of GRB allocation in the budget speech 

Page 9: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

No. Criteria  Score

1 Women’s participation in formulation and implementation of the programmes

20

2 Women’s capacity development 203 Women’s share in the benefit 30

4 Promoting employment and income generation for women 20

5 Qualitative improvement of women's time use or reduced workload

10

Total 100

Directly Gender Responsive (1) Indirectly Gender Responsive (2) Neutral (3)

=>50% >20% to <50% <20 %

9

GRB classification criteria

Page 10: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Progress

Targeted policies and programmes for gender equality and women’s empowerment

Budgeting and programming based on gender responsiveness

Attention to development of human capital ‐ with special provisions for women’s education, health and gender responsive infrastructure

Policies for women’s empowerment ‐ Tax  rebates, property ownership, women entrepreneurship development, strategies to reduce violence against women

Page 11: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Other initiatives

Scholarship and incentive programmes in schools

Representation of women in school management

Women as primary health care workers

Gender responsive census (2011)– 50 questions engendered (5.6 million households covered)

Women’s representation in peace committees (one third membership is mandated)

Page 12: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

GRB allocations 2007/8- 2014/15

Fiscal Year Directly Res NPR Bil (%)

Indirectly Res NPR Bil (%)

NeutralNPR Bil (%)

Total NPR Billion 

2007/08 19.09 (11.30) 56.03 (33.16) 93.87 (55.54) 169 2008/09 32.91 (13.94) 83.58 (35.41) 119.53 (50.64) 200

2009/10 49.46 (17.30) 104.16 (36.43) 132.32 (46.27) 286

2010/11 60.61 (17.94) 122.65 (36.30) 154.64 (45.76) 338

2011/12 73.33 (19.05) 176.21 (45.78) 135.35 (35.17) 385 2012/13 87.08 (21.51) 178.63 (44.13) 139.11 (34.36) 405 2013/14 112.51 (21.75) 227.29 (43.94) 177.40 (34.31) 517 2014/15 135.57 (21.93) 278.38 (45.04) 204.15 (33.03) 618

12

Page 13: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

GRB allocation trends- 2007/8- 2014/15

19.0932.91

49.46 60.6173.33

87.08112.51

135.57

56.0383.58

104.16122.65

176.21 178.6

227.29

278.38

93.87119.53

132.32154.64

135.35 139.1

177.44204.15

168.99

236.02

285.94

337.9

384.89404.78

517.24

618.1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15

DGR

IGR

Neutral

Total

Page 14: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

GRB allocations by development partners 2013-AMIS

DPs(No. of projects)

Total USD Million

Directly Res USD Mil (%)

Indirectly Res USD Mil (%)

NeutralUSD Mil (%)

Unmarked USD Mil (%)

Total (760) 7,558 607 (8) 1,752 (23) 1943 (26) 3,255 (43)

ADB (82) 1,688 106 (6) 389 (23) 528 (31) 664 (39

China (11) 300 14 (5) 33 (11) 152 (51) 101 (34)

Denmark (21) 168 3 (2) 35 (21) 12 (7) 118 (70)

DFID (37) 646 2 (0.31) 65 (10) 104 (16) 475 (74)GIZ (14) 99 0.69 (1)  0 5 (5) 93 (94)EU (71) 217 9 (4) 23 (10) 36 (17) 150 (69)

Finland (11) 95 34 (35) 0 22 (24) 39 (41)

14

Page 15: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

GRB allocations by development partners 2013 - AMIS

DPs(No. of projects)

Total USD Million

Directly Res USD Mil (%)

Indirectly Res USD Mil (%)

NeutralUSD Mil (%)

Unmarked USD Mil (%)

India (8) 301 0 6 (2) 241 (80) 54 (18)

IDA‐WB (23) 1,530 163 (11) 434 (28) 193 (13) 739 (43)

JICA (27) 186 5 (3) 0 65 (35) 116 (62)

Norway (36) 215 15 (7) 39 (18) 60 (28) 101 (47)

SDC (39) 196 7 (4) 91 (46) 39 (20) 59 (30)UNDP (14) 50 0.1 (0.21) 6 (11) 3 (7) 41 (82)USAID (27) 353 124 (35)  197 (56) 33 (9) 0WB TF (19) 136 2 (1) 23 (17) 97 (72) 13 (10)

15

Page 16: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

GRB results

Creation of GBV control fund  in 2010 with a budget of 10 Million NPR 

Targeted allocation  ‐ 10% for women in all local bodies (DDCs, Municipalities and VDCs)

Increase in  GRB allocation  ‐ 21.75% directly gender responsive in 2013

Mainstreamed GEWE in public finance management  framework‐MTB/EF and NPPR

GRB system is functional in MOF with enhanced  institutional capacity

Page 17: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Opportunities

Gender responsive new constitution

Emphasis on gender responsive programme priorities, women’s empowerment and budget adequacy

Transparency in planning and budgeting

Aid effectiveness agenda‐ financing for gender equality

Gender marking in web based aid management platform (AMP)

Localization of GRB

Page 18: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Way forward 

Evaluate past GRB work – process initiated

Cost laws, policies and NAPs on gender equality and women’s empowerment‐ process initiated

Review and refine GRB classification and scores

Reinforce the gender marker in Aid Management

Reinstate gender assessment in the investment

Institutionalization‐ strengthen ministries and local bodies and mitigate capacity gaps‐ Government decided to establish GRBC in all sectoral ministries and DDCs 

Capacity development of DPs and CSOs

Page 19: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Way forward 

Government has prioritized gender equality in its Development Cooperation Policy (DCP)

National Women Commission to be established a constitutional body

Nepal aims to graduate from LDC by 2022

The implementation of social protection measures, including employment and livelihood schemes that target women, and the introduction and enforcement of legislation guaranteeing equal rights, as appropriate, to inheritance for women and men and for girls and boys (ESCAP draft outcome of ministerial meeting, Nov 2014)

Need to address disproportionately low economic participation of women

Page 20: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

Financing for Development

It is difficult to conceive of any public policy that can be carried out without financial resources.

Hope  the Conference will inspire heightened sensitivity and commitment to resource mobilization, vital to address state's gender concerns.

Page 21: Gender Responsive Budgeting: and present status in Nepal · 2014-11-19 · Interventions Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment ‐a key development objective of the Tenth Plan

‘The post‐2015 development agenda only becomes trulytransformative when the pressing needs and priorities of themost vulnerable and marginalized countries and societies arefaithfully accommodated into the broader global agenda andare provided with sufficient resources to achieve them. Hecalled for a fair, sustainable, equitable, and inclusivedevelopment by respecting the diversity of all nations.’

(PM Koirala at the UN GA 69th session, September 2014)