gender equality in indiawef rank
TRANSCRIPT
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India has been ranked in the bottom half among 134 countries in terms of gender
equality, in WEF's latest ranking that assessed the distribution of resources and
opportunities among males and females.
Gender equality? India ranks a poor 114th
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3.Though placed way ahead of India, neighbouring China has dropped to the
60th position. The country had cornered the 57th spot last year."India (114),
Korea (115), Iran (128) and Pakistan (132) continue to hold some of the lowest
positions in the Asian rankings."While India, Iran and Pakistan perform very poorly
on the economic, education and health subindexes, their overall scores are partially
bolstered by relatively good performances on political empowerment," the WEF said.
In 2007 too, India was ranked 114th, while the country had cornered the 98th place
in 2006.
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4.Other countries in the top ten are South Africa (6), Denmark (7), Ireland (8),
Philippines (9) and Lesotho (10).The United Kingdom is ranked 15th, while the
United States is in the 31st spot.Among other BRIC nations, Brazil is at the 82nd
spot while Russia is ranked 51st.The report's index assesses countries on how well
they are dividing their resources and opportunities among their male and female
populations, regardless of the overall levels of these resources and opportunities.
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5.South Africa and Lesotho made great strides in closing their gender gaps to enter
the top 10, at 6th and 10th position, respectively.The latest data reveals that
South Africa in particular made significant improvements in female labour force
participation.Gains for women in parliament and women ministers in the new
government also helped close the gender gap in the country.
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6. Philippines (9) lost ground for the first time in four years but remains the leading
Asian country in the rankings. Paraguay (66) climbed a record 36 spots, leading a
charge by several Latin American countries including Ecuador (23), Nicaragua (49),
Costa Rica (27), Peru (44), El Salvador (55), Chile (64) and the Dominican
Republic (67). Botswana (39) made the second biggest improvement of 26 places
thanks to a major increase in labour force participation according to the latest data
from the UNDP, plus greater wage equality for women.
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7.Japan's (75) ranking improved by 25 places relative to last year largely due to
increases in the proportion of women in professional and technical positions as well
as legislators, senior officials and managers. The United States (31) fell by three places,
owing to minor drops in the participation of women in the economy and improvements
in the scores of previously lower-ranking countries.Germany (12) and the
United Kingdom (15) again slipped down the Index this year. Switzerland (13)
advanced for a second consecutive year as a result of greater female participation
in the economy. Italy (72) continues to hold one of the lowest positions among
European countries and dropped three spots relative to 2008 due to persistently
poor scores in economic participation.
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8.At the bottom part of the rankings, India (114), Bahrain (116), Ethiopia (122),
Morocco (124), Egypt (126) and Saudi Arabia (130) all made improvements relative
to their rankings last year. This was driven mainly by small improvements in the
economic participation of women. Iran (128), Turkey (129), Pakistan (132) and
Yemen (134), already at the bottom of the rankings, displayed an absolute decline
relative to their performance in 2008. The Republic of Korea and Mongolia were
among the top countries to narrow wage gaps, while in Austria and Belgium income
disparities widened the most.Women entering senior official, managerial and legislator
roles shot up most in Japan and Uganda, while Croatia and Costa Rica saw these gaps
widen markedly.
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2.The Global Gender Gap Report measures the size of the gender inequality gap
in four critical areas:
1. Economic participation and opportunity: Outcomes on salaries, participationlevels and access to high-skilled employment
2.Educational attainment: Outcomes on access to basic and higher level education
3. Political empowerment: Outcomes on representation in decision-making structures
4. Health and survival: Outcomes on life expectancy and sex ratio The Index's scorescan be interpreted as the percentage of the gap that has been closed between womenand men.
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A."Girls and women make up one half of the world's population and without their
engagement, empowerment and contribution, we cannot hope to achieve a rapid
economic recovery nor effectively tackle global challenges such as climate change,
food security and conflict," said Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman,
World Economic Forum.
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B."The Forum works year-round with leaders on ways to close gender gaps through
its Women Leaders and Gender Parity Programme, and this report underpins their work.
The Global Gender Parity Group, a community of highly influential leaders from business,
politics, academia, media and civil society -- 50% women and 50% men -- seeks to
share best practices and identify strategies to optimize the use of talent.
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C."Out of the 115 countries covered in the report since 2006, more than two-thirds
have posted gains in overall index scores, indicating that the world in general has
made progress towards equality between men and women, although there are countries
that continue to lose ground. We have included a section on the dynamics of the gender
gap and found that progress is achieved when countries find ways to make marriage
and motherhood compatible with the economic participation of women," said co-author
Ricardo Hausmann, director of the Centre for International Development at
Harvard University, USA.
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D."The Global Gender Gap Report demonstrates that closing the gender gap in all
aspects of life provides a foundation for a prosperous and competitive society.
Leaders should act in accordance with this finding as they rebuild their battered
economies and set them on course for sustainable long-run growth," said co-author
Laura Tyson, Professor of Business Administration and Economics,
University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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E."Countries that do not fully capitalize on one-half of their human resources run the
risk of undermining their competitive potential. We hope to highlight the economic
incentive behind empowering women, in addition to promoting equality as a basic
human right," said co-author Saadia Zahidi, Head of the Forum's Women Leaders
and Gender Parity Programme. Watch the interview.
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F.The Forum continues to expand geographic coverage in the report. Featuring a
total of 134 countries, this year's report provides insight into the gaps between
women and men in over 93% of the world's population. Thirteen out of the 14
variables used to create the Index are from publicly available hard data indicators
from international organizations, such as the International Labour Organization,
the United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization.
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1) Among the 134 countries covered in this report, Ireland has the lowest maternalmortality ratio (1 death among 100,000 live births), while Chad has the highestmaternal mortality ratio (1,500 deaths among 100,000 live births). Twenty-fourcountries have a maternal mortality ratio of greater than 500 deaths per 100,000
live births.
Annually, more than half a million women and girls die in pregnancy and childbirthand 3.7 million newborns die within their first 28 days.
99% of maternal deaths occur in developing countries. Half of these occur insub-Saharan Africa and another third in South Asia.
A woman in a least-developed country is 300 times more likely to die from causes
related to pregnancy and childbirth than a woman in an industrialized country in herlifetime.
Maternal and newborn health are intimately linked. Children who have lost theirmothers are four times more likely to die prematurely than those who have not.
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(2) is estimated that for every woman who dies, another 20 suffer from illness ordisability as a result of pregnancy or childbirth--around 10 million women a year.
Many of these women not only face discomfort and emotional distress,but are shunned by their families.
Every year about 1 million children are left motherless and vulnerable.7They are less likely to attend school, which in turn means that they risk a life
living in poverty as adults.
Approximately 80% of maternal deaths could be averted if women had access toessential maternity and basic healthcare services.
The five major direct causes of maternal death in developing countries are severe
bleeding, infection, hypertension, complications from unsafe abortion andprolonged/ obstructed labour.
About 20% of maternal deaths have indirect causes that complicate pregnancy orchildbirth such as malaria, anaemia, hepatitis and HIV/AIDS.
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3) Another serious factor is insufficient access for women and girls to nutritious
food and essential micronutrients.
Weak healthcare systems often do not prioritize women's health.
A lack of skilled health workers to support a woman through pregnancy, childbirthand post-natal care. There is evidence that worker numbers and quality arepositively associated with maternal survival
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Ingrid Srinath, Secretary General, CIVICUS Speaking during the session
'Insights on India' Ingrid shared her concerns about the government's inability
to keep its promises.
4) Ingrid Srinath at the World Economic Forum, Davos, Switzerland
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growth in India had not been inclusive. Child malnutrition has barely improved
over the past two decades and caste politics still excluded millions of people from
real opportunity. While most children are now enrolled in schools, 65 percent drop
out and only 12 percent go to college. If you are in the bottom third,
life is universally worse than 20 years ago", she said.
5) "Despite the government's pledges to the contrary,