FEBRUARY 1996, VOL. 2, NO. 1 95

barriers and impediments to delivery are surmounted and that an as free as possible exchange of medical information is facilitated within a dynamic, open environment. Still, specific legislation may resolve many domestic issues of health care but the global marketplace remains difficult. It is the means by which U.S. health care can retain its quality and assure that standards of care are influenced by American outreach. The author views medical college hospitals as an enormous but unrealized test bed opportunity for achieving the medical future. Ironically, only by assuming new roles in exporting capabilities will these institutions realize their promise. Creating markets for remote health care delivery from a sustainable base will strengthen the base itself while extending a respected capability to the world.

Gender and Race-Ethnic Differences in Military Occupational Qualification

GEORGE W. THOMAS AND KATHRYN M. KOCHER Naval Postgraduate School

This study estimates the 1990 civilian youth occupational distribution for military occupations. Logistic regression with National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data is used to examine eligibility for four occupational categories by gender and race or ethnic group for 17- to 21-year old high school graduates. Results are combined with census data to yield 1990 forecasts for the civilian youth population. These are compared with the occupational qualification distribution for 1990 high school graduate military accessions.

Men and women high school graduates are similarly qualified for nontechnical and technical occupations but for the highly technical category, 26 percent of men and only 3 percent of women qualify. White males qualify for highly technical occupations three times the rate of the next highest group, Hispanic males. White females qualify at less than half the rate of Hispanic males and black males at less than one-third the rate of white females. Black and Hispanic women have extremely low qualification rates, less than I percent. From this relatively limited pool of qualified civilians, the armed services have attracted a very technically trainable force, including larger proportions of recruits eligible for highly technical jobs in each gender and race or ethnic segment than are present in the civilian population.

Changes in Gender-Based Determinants of Housework

WILLIAM V. SANDERS Clarion University

This paper explores the determinants of annual housework hours of husbands and wives over time. It tracks the path of regression coefficients over a 25-year spin, using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Models of wives' and husbands' behavior used data broken down into four subsamples, defined by husband and wife work hours.

The responses to spouse's housework hours for families with both spouses working fell. For traditional families, the time paths rose. Families in which the wife is the primary worker show less change. In all three groups, wives maintain a higher response to spouse's hours of work than do husbands. In part-time families, husbands' response have risen, while wives' coefficients have converged on the same value from above.

The response to family size tended toward zero for all groups for both husbands and wives. The response to one's own labor hours was weak or insignificant. Similar results were found for the response to spouse's work hours. Only wives of two-income and traditional families seem to show any tendency in age response and that is an occilation toward zero.

Income responses of two-income families have occilated toward zero, with both spouses' responses negative by 1980, positive by the mid-1980s, and falling in the early 1990s. Response to one's own level of education in two-income and traditional families fell for husbands and rose