Sex refers to the biological differences between women and men. 

 Gender refers to:• The roles and responsibilities of women and men and the relationship between them.

• The way behaviors and identities are determined through the process of socialization. 

Socialisation starts from birth People are born male and female Learn to become boys & girls Grow into men and women in a socio cultural context Gender-the socially defined roles and responsibilities assigned to men and women in a given culture, location, society and time Training for adult roles imparted through play and education

“SEX” and “GENDER” are not the same!

SEX Biological Constant across

time and location Universal

GENDER Social Varies across time

and location Contextual

 

These roles and expectations are:Usually unequal in terms of • power and control • over decision-making• assets and freedom of action• culturally specific• change over time

Women-Productive life+ Reproductive life

Do you see any imbalance?

Gender inequity to equity

Definition of Roles

 • Productive roles• Work done by women and men for payment in cash or

kind. • Reproductive roles• Childbearing/rearing responsibilities and domestic

tasks required to guarantee the maintenance and well-being of all family members.

 • Community management roles• Activities taken at the community level for its

development and political organization• Usually voluntary, unpaid work

WHO SEAR Gender Analysis Matrix

Biological and Social variables

Exposure and vulnerability

Outcomes and Impact

Access and Utilization

• Biological: sex

Age•

Women during pregnancy(reproductive organ)

Middle age men work in forest

Gender-men has to work outside to earn

Malaria cause abortion, SB and maternal deaths

Illness due to malaria/CM/D

Work loss becos’ of illness

Less income

Women becos’ of too much house work cannot go to RHC

Midwife only give MCH service

-Not easily access to health service

-Late case to hosp -Poverty hinder access to health

Research and Evidence

All information in each column and row should be given separately for male and female

WHO SEAR Gender Analysis MatrixBiological and Social variables

Exposure and vulnerability

Outcomes and Impact

Access and Utilization

•Social:

Education

Occupation

Women /men-uneducated refer malaria to eating banana/stream water

-Do not know to sleep under bed nets

-Men and children sleep under bed nets

-Do not know ITN

Men work in forest more vulnerable than women

Infection off and on –chronic malaria

Anaemia in

women-become pregnant----------

Malaria attack

Cerebral malaria

Death

Aggravated by -Malnutrition

Alcohol

-Afraid to go to health personnel

-Use traditional medicine

-pamphlets are there but not literate to read

-no TV

-Less income and unable to pay for treatment

-reluctant due to un-affordability

-men avoid hosp/ health post

WHO SEAR Gender Analysis Matrix

Biological and Social variables

Exposure and vulnerability

Outcomes and Impact

Access and Utilization

•Rural/urban

Tribal groups

•Qualitative data

on observed

gender

differences

rural-less availability of HE media

-Rural groups expose more to malaria

-traditional belief

-still stick to misinformation

-No idea of ITN

iIlness to both men and women

-rely on (aq;+rD;wdk)

GenderIs a dimension that has to be incorporated in all policies, programmes and organizations------since it helps to understand better attitudes, needs and roles of women and men in society, on the basis of social, economic, political and cultural factors.

Gender has to be considered as part of the general analysis of an activity, policy, programme, event or process.

It should be mainstreamed and should not be considered as a separate issue.

Gender MainstreamingWomen and men are biologically different & Women and men are shaped by different

gender construction

Women and men have different health needs

This must be understood so as to respond in an equitable and efficient manner

Understanding and responsiveness to differential needs of women and men in a sensitive and fair manner-Gender Mainstreaming

WHO SEAR Gender Mainstreaming Matrix

Influence of gender roles in sex differentials

Policy/ Legislation Budget allocation for gender activities

Programme and services: Clinical, communication administration

Information Systems:

Reports, monitoring, evaluation

• Observations related to exposure and vulnerability• Observations related to outcomes and impact• Observations related to access and utilization of services

Budget allocation for management of pregnant women with malaria

Encourage policy for case detection of women in remote areas with pregnancy and malaria

MCH services integrate with Malaria program to help pregnant women with malaria

-train midwives on early Dx and prompt Rx for malaria

-free of charge?

-Include sex disaggregated data for malaria morbidity and mortality

-monitor pregnant women with malaria to prevent abortion, SB and MMR

Actions to be taken

WHO SEAR Gender Mainstreaming Matrix

Influence of gender roles in sex differentials

Policy/ Legislation Budget allocation for gender activities

Programme and services: Clinical, communication administration

Information Systems:

Reports, monitoring, evaluation

• Observations related to exposure and vulnerability• Observations related to outcomes and impact• Observations related to access and utilization of services

-Enhancement on EDPT to both men and women

-Prevention of Malaria drug R

-Allocate budget for gender specific research-why women with malaria come late to health post

Design and use simple diag method and to reach both men and women-Expand CORP to other townships -Free malaria treatment

-Include gender success stories and patient based reporting at every level: eg

case detection, number of women reporting on their own and according to age and locality

Actions to be taken

WHO SEAR Gender Mainstreaming Matrix

Influence of gender roles in sex differentials

Policy/ Legislation Budget allocation for gender activities

Programme and services: Clinical, communication administration

Information Systems:

Reports, monitoring, evaluation

• Observations related to exposure and vulnerability• Observations related to outcomes and impact• Observations related to access and utilization of services

Allocate budget for dissemination of information on use of ITN

More collaboration with other sectors forestry, mining, dam construction

INGOs collaboration

-program for use of ITN to both men, women and children

-media communication

-correct method of impregnation of bed nets in communuity

-include sex disaggregated data on use of ITN

-success stories on use of ITN by men and women in villages- informed by CORPs

Actions to be taken