gender and bushmeat value chain
DESCRIPTION
Men and women both contribute to and influence the use and trade of bushmeat, all along the bushmeat market chain from hunting to consumption, passing through trade and food preparation. In this presentation, we follow the bushmeat market chain, step by step, examining gendered involvement, and find tips for being gender-sensitive when mapping value chains. This presentation was given during CIFOR’s Annual Meeting 2012, which was held on 1–5 October at the headquarters in Bogor, Indonesia.TRANSCRIPT
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Gender andBushmeat Value
Chain
RobertNasiNathalieVanVliet
CIFOR,AnnualMeeting2012,October3rd
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Objective
Tounderstandtherolesandcontributionsofmenandwomenintheuseandtradeofbushmeat,alongthebushmeattradechainfromhuntingtoconsumption,passingthroughtradeandfoodpreparation
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The Bushmeat Market Chain
Hunters Transporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas
Finalconsumersinurbanareas
Prey
Wholesalers
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Hunting
Isgenerallya”man”onlyactivitybut....
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Womenoftenpushforhunting
“IfacertainmangoeshuntingbutIdon’tgo,mywifemightevenstartlovingthatman.”(Man,age32)
Tanzania, FZS: Asanterabi Lowassa([email protected])
Hunting
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Hunters Transporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas
Finalconsumersinurbanareas
LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE
Prey
The Bushmeat Market Chain
Wholesalers
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TransportingMenaremostlyinvolvedintransportfromthesourcetourbanareas
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Hunters Transporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareas
Finalconsumersinurbanareas
LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE
Prey
The Bushmeat Market Chain
Wholesalers
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Wholesalers and retailersWomenareinvolvedinthetradefromretailers,wholesalers,restaurants,
preparedbushmeatmealssoldinmarketsorinthestreet
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HuntersTransporters
RetailersFinalconsumersinruralareasFinalconsumersinurbanareas
LAFILIÈREVIANDEDEBROUSSE
Prey
The Bushmeat Market Chain
Wholesalers
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Bushmeatpreferencesbygender
women preferences
cane rat
5%
porcupine
61%
blue duiker
3%
red duikers
5%
pangolin
6%
monkey
10%
Consumption
SouthwestCameroun,vanVlietandNasi,unpublished)(N=345)
men preferences
cane rat
11%
porcupine
46%blue duiker
2%
red duikers
9%
pangolin
11%
monkey
6%
Bats,nilemonitor,foxandgorillawereonlymentionedbymen;elephantswereclearlypreferredbywomen(78%ofthevoteswerefromwomen)
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Consumptiontaboosformenandwomen
Consumption
Womenthateatbayduikercouldhaveperiodsforever(Kota,Gabon)
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Gender differences
• Genderbalanceallalongthetradechain(Brown,2003)
• Genderdifferencesinthecontributionofbushmeattoincome
• Genderdifferencesinbushmeatconsumptionpatterns
• Genderdifferencesinexposuretozoonosisassociatedwiththehandlingofbushmeat
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Usingqualitativedatafromtwosites,lowerOmoinEthiopiaandwesternSerengetiinTanzania,wefoundthatinbothplaceswomen,whilenotactivelyhunting,playedastrongrolethroughavarietyofverbalandnon‐verbalbehavioursthatmotivatedmalehuntinganddiscouragedtheirnon‐hunting.Huntingactivitieswerehighlygenderedanddrivenbytheinterplaybetweenmaleandfemaleroles,whichservedtomaintaintheseactivitiesdespitestrongdisincentivesfromlegislationandconservationanddevelopmentinterventions.
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Methodological implications
• Studyofthevaluechainwithoutconsideringgenderislargelyirrelevant
• Thereisnoneedofverysophisticatedmethods
• Commonsenseshouldprevail
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Methods.Cameroon
• Bushmeatconsumptionsurveysatthehouseholdlevel
•Socio‐economiccharacteristicsofthehousehold•Proteinsconsumedthedaybeforetheinterviewforbreakfast,lunchanddinner•Statedpreferencefordifferentsourcesofprotein
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Methods
• Bushmeatconsumptioninterviewstoschoolpupilsinindigenouscommunities,smalltownsandcities
•Socio‐economiccharacteristicsofthefamilies•Proteinsconsumedthedaybeforetheinterviewforbreakfast,lunchanddinner•Statedpreferencefordifferentsourcesofprotein
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Methods• Identificationofthemarketchain:stakeholdersinvolved,tradepoints,prices,traderoutesetc…
•Visittradepoints•Participantobservation•Informalandnonsystematicconversationswithtradersandconsumers•Dailymonitoringofsalesinspecifickeypointsforonemonthduringthedryseason
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Engageinpreliminarymappingofthechain,consideringgender,byusingsecondarysourcesandproject’sdocumentationbeforestartingthestudy.
Addagenderdimensiontoastandardmappingofavaluechainismarginallycostly.Criticalstepsare:
toenquireabouttherelativeproportionsofwomenandmenateachnodeand
toaskaboutwhomakesthetransactionsbetweennodes. complementedbyfurtherinvestigationintowagedifferentialsbetweenwomenandmenateachnode,andbetweennodes.
Practical Tips for Gender-Sensitive Value Chain Mapping
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Itisimportanttogooutintothefieldandtoseekaccesstostakeholdersasopposedtorelyingonspokespersonsfororganisationswhomayprofferlargeclaimsregardingprogresstowardsgenderequity.Aricher,morenuancedpicturecanbegainedthroughtalkingtoarangeofactorsateachnodeinthechain.
Peoplelike‘successfulcasestories’.Yetthesemaynottypifytheaveragestoriesresultingfromtheworkandthelessonsthatcanbedevelopedfromthese.Itisthereforeusefultoconsidercarefullythekindsofrespondentthatthescientistwouldliketospeaktoandthenatureoftheinteractionsought‐e.g.withorwithoutprojectrepresentatives,representativesofvariousstakeholders,andtheneedtomeet‘averagecases’.
Gender‐sensitivetranslatorscomfortablewithworkinginthefieldareessentialandsoaregender‐sensitiveinvestigators.
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Thank you