ge generator protection system
TRANSCRIPT
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Industrial Systems
Digital Generator Protection System
• Microprocessor Based Protection, Control and Monitoring System
• Waveform Sampling• User Friendly• GE/Hydro Quebec Joint
Development
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Industrial Systems
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Industrial Systems
System Overview
• Multiple Microprocessors• Sampling Rate = 12 Samples/Cycle• 20 MHz Operation• Auto Gain Change A/D Converter
TIME SYNCH(IRIG-B)
6 CONTACTINPUTS
11 AUXILIARYRELAYS
4 TRIPRELAYS
8 CURRENTS
4 VOLTAGES
FILTERANDMUX
ANALOGTO
DIGITALCONVERTER
DSP’S3-TMS320
MMI
MICROPROCESSORS2-80C186
REMOTEPC
DIGITALINPUTS/
OUTPUTS
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Industrial Systems
Applications
• For Small, Medium and Large Generator Protection
• Suitable for Variety of Prime-Movers - Gas, Steam, Hydro Turbines
• Most Commonly Used Protection Functions Packaged in a Standard Modular Case
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Industrial Systems
Protective Functions• Stator Differential (87G)
– Variable Slope Characteristic• 100% Stator Ground Fault (64G)
– Two Overlapping Zones– 95% with Fundamental Neutral OV– 15% with 3rd Harmonic Comparator– or 15% with 27TN Function (Special)
• Time Overcurrentwith Voltage Restraint (51V)
• Current Unbalance (46)– Negative Sequence Overcurrent - I22t– Linear Reset Characteristic
• Loss of Excitation (40)– Two Zones of Off-Set Mho
R
X
Offset = X’d2
Diameter =1.0 pu
Diameter =Xd
(87G)
(40)
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Industrial Systems
Protective Functions (Cont.)• Overexcitation or V/Hz (24)
– Inverse Characteristic– Instantaneous with Time Delay
• Reverse Power (32)– Two Levels
• Under/Over Frequency (81)– Multiple Steps (2-4)– Undervoltage Cutoff Feature
• Overvoltage (59)– Inverse Characteristic
• Undervoltage (27)• Neutral Overcurrent (51GN)
Relay Characteristic
Transformer Limit Curve onGenerator Voltage Base
Generator Manufacturer’sRecommended Protection Curve
VOLTS/HERTZ (%)
TIME (MINUTES)
140
130
120
110
100
.01 0.1 1.0 10 100
(24)
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Industrial Systems
Additional Protective Features• Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure (VTFF)
– Internal or External– Block 40 and 51V functions
VTFF+DI6
FD
Overcurrent(voltage restraint) 51VAND
Loss of ExcitationZone 1 40-1TL12AND
Loss of ExcitationZone 2 40-2TL13AND
DI6
Ext. VTFF OR
V2 > 15VSELV2SUP
PUDO
PU=3 SamplesDO=5 Samples
ENA
DIS
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Industrial Systems
Adaptive Sampling Interval -30.5 - 79.5 Hz
Frequency vs SensitivityDGP Relay System
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
System Frequency (Hz)
Rel
ativ
e Se
nsiti
vity
Fixed Sampling Rate of 12 Samples/ Cycle
64G1
32
24
465932
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Industrial Systems
Additional Protective Features• Accidental Energization Logic
• Sequential Trip Logic
AE
AND
DI1 - GEN.OFF-LINE
AE ARM
AND50 (51V Pickup Flag) AND AND
VTFF
PUDO
V1 < 30VOR
OR PU=5 secDO=0.25 sec
AND
Reverse Pwr.No. 1
Seq. Trip Enabled
SELBKDI1
AND ANDOR TL1 32-1
DI1 - GEN.OFF-LINE
INLET VALVECLOSED
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Industrial Systems
Inputs• (8) Currents
– Ia, Ib, Ic, In(Neutral Side)
– Ia, Ib, Ic, In(System Side)
• (4) Voltages– Va, Vb, Vc
(Wye or Open Delta)– Vng
(Neutral Ground Xfmr)
• IRIG-B Time Synchronization• (6) Digital Inputs
– Two External Trip (DI3, DI4)
– Generator Off-Line Indication (AE)
– Turbine Inlet Valve Close Indication (Sequential Trip)
– Oscillography Trigger– External VT Fuse Failure
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Industrial Systems
Outputs• (4) Trip Relays
– Two From A Contacts Each– Configurable
• (11) Auxiliary Relays– One Form C Contact Each– Four Configurable Alarm Contacts (74A, 74B, 74C, 74D)– Pre-defined Alarm Contacts
• Critical Self-Test Alarm• Non Critical Self-Test Alarm• VT Fuse Failure Alarm• Test Pickup Indication• Test Trip Indication• Loss of Power Supply No. 1• Loss of Power Supply No. 2
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Industrial Systems
Simplified Logic Diagram
CO
NFI
GU
RAB
LE L
OG
IC
TRIP A94G
Overvoltage (59)
Accidental Energization (AE)
Stator Differential (87G)
Reverse Pwr.(32-1, 32-2)
Undervoltage (27)
Overcurrent with voltage restraint (51V)
Current Unbalance - Trip, Alarm (46T, 46A)
Loss of Excitation (40-1, 40-2)
Stator Ground - Zone 1, 2 (64G1, 64-2)
Neutral Overcurrent (51GN)
Overexcitation, Trip (24T)Generator On-Line
Overexcitation, Trip (24T)Generator Off-Line
Under Frequency (81-1U, 2U,3U,4U)
OR
TRIP B94G1OR
TRIP C94G2OR
TRIP D94G3OR
ALARM74AOR
ALARM74BOR
ALARM74COR
ALARM74DOROver Frequency (81-1O, 2O,3O,4O)
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Industrial Systems
Monitoring
• Present Values• Trip Circuit Monitor• Fault Reports (Last 3 Faults)• Sequence of Events
(Last 100 Events)• Self Tests
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Industrial Systems
Present Value Monitoring
• Currents– System and Neutral Side (Ia, Ib, Ic, In)– Negative Sequence
• Voltages– Va, Vb, Vc– % 3rd Harmonic Voltage (Phase and Neutral)
• Megawatts• Mvars• Frequency• Status of Digital InputsScroll on Command or Display Selected Parameters
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Industrial Systems
Trip Circuit Monitor
• Trip Voltage Monitor– Normal Condition– Four Trip Circuits (94G, 94G1, 94G2,
94G3)• Trip Current Monitor
– Trip Condition– Four Trip Circuits (94G, 94G1, 94G2,
94G3)– Seal-in of Output Relay
• Disable/Enable Feature
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Industrial Systems
Communications• Local MMI (Standard)
– 2 Level Password Protection– 16 LED Alphanumeric
Display– Keypad with 20 Keys– Separate Function Keys for
• Settings• Action• Information
– 19 LED Targets– Status LED– Local Printer Port
(AA, CA models)
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Industrial Systems
Communications• Remote Access
– Via RS232 & “DGP-LINK” Software
– Front and Rear RS232 Ports– 3 Level Password Protection
• Access to:– Present Values– Fault Report– Sequence of Events– Oscillography– Manual Control– Relay Settings
Local Functions Setup Help[ - ] DGP COMMUNICATIONS 1.35
LogoutChange access levelHang up phone
Actions . . .Information . . .Settings . . .
Relay Functions
Login
Phone disconnected
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Industrial Systems
Present Values
• Currents• Voltages• Watts• Vars• Frequency• Negative Sequence
Current• 3rd Harmonic Voltage• Status of Digital Inputs
GEN Simulator DGP 0000PRESENT VALUES
Station ID:MALVERN
Generator ID:MODEL GENERATOR
10/28/9314:37:23:446
IAS: 5696.0 A -014 DEGS VAN: 008.5 KV 000 DEGSIBS: 5488.0 A -142 DEGS VBN: 008.1 KV -118 DEGSICS: 4864.0 A 104 DEGS VCN: 008.2 KV 122 DEGSIAR: 5680.0 A -014 DEGSIBR: 5456.0 A -142 DEGSICR: 4880.0 A 104 DEGSNEGATIVE SEQ CURRENT: 08.1 %3RD HARM PH: 00.1 % 3RD HARM N: 03.7%
WATTS: +126.33 MWATT VARS: +041.95 MVAR
GEN OFF-LIN: OPEN INLET VLV: OPENDIG IN 3: OPEN DIG IN 4: OPENOSC TRIG: OPEN EXT VTFF: OPEN
FREQ: 60.00 SAMPLING FREQ: 720.0
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Industrial Systems
Fault ReportFault Report
! Prefault– Currents– Voltages– Watts– Vars– Frequency
! Post Fault– Currents– Voltages– Trip Targets– Operating Time
! Selected Events! Last 3 Faults Stored
Gen Simulator DGP 0000
FAULT REPORT
Station ID:MALVERNGenerator ID:MODEL GENERATOR
FAULT#: 02
FAULT DATE: 08/09/93 TRIP TIME: 05:10:37:829FAULT TYPE: ABCTRIP TYPE: 87G SYSTEM OPERATING TIME: 000008
PREFAULT FAULT-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------IAS: 0128.0 A IAS: 014672 A IAR: 015664 AIBS: 0208.0 A IBS: 015264 A IBR: 016704 AICS: 0080.0 A ICS: 013600 A ICR: 014960 A
INS: 0048.0 A INR: 0384.0 AVAN: 010.2 KVVBN: 010.2 KV VAN: 693.0 VVCN: 010.0 KV VBN: 693.0 V
VCN: 679.4 VFREQ: 60.00 VN: 047.0 V
WATTS: +1888.5 KWATTVARS: +3777.0 KVAR
05:10:37.834 87G PHASE A ON05:10:37.834 87G PHASE B ON
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Industrial Systems
Sequence of Events
• Operational Events– Setting Changes– Fault Data– Status
• Diagnostic Self-Test Events– Warning (Non-Critical
Alarm)– Failure (Critical Alarm)
• Time Tagged to 1ms Resolution
• Last 100 Events Stored• Available at Communication
Port or at Printer Port
GEN Simulator DGP 0000Events
Station ID:MALVERN
Generator ID:MODEL GENERATOR
10/29/93 14:39:54:971 94G TRIP CIRCUIT OPEN ALARM ON10/29/93 14:33:35:661 94G2 TRIP SIGNAL RESET
10/29/93 14:33:35:660 32-1 OFF10/29/93 14:33:35:639 32-2 OFF10/29/93 14:33:34:396 32-1 ON
10/29/93 14:33:31:997 TURBINE INLET VALUE CLOSED10/29/93 14:33:28:423 GENERATOR OFF-LINE10/29/93 14:33:26:452 94G2 TRIP SIGNAL ON
10/29/93 14:33:26:451 32-2 ON10/29/93 14:27:09:878 GENERATOR ON-LINE
10/29/93 14:27:04:968 TURBINE INLET VALUE OPEN10/29/93 14:26:54:263 94G3 TRIP SIGNAL RESET
10/29/93 14:26:54:262 64G1 OFF10/29/93 14:26:50:911 TURBINE INLET VALUE CLOSED
10/29/93 14:26:47:584 GENERATOR OFF-LINE10/29/93 14:26:42:604 94G3 TRIP SIGNAL ON
10/29/93 14:26:42:603 64G1 ON10/29/93 14:25:44:444 GENERATOR ON-LINE
10/29/93 14:25:38:202 TURBINE INLET VALUE OPEN10/28/93 16:32:31:642 REMOTE - SETTINGS CHANGE DONE
10/28/93 16:32:30:882 REMOTE - SETTINGS CHANGE STARTED
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Industrial Systems
Sequence of Events• Events Include:
– Trip Signal ON / RESET– Protection Function ON / OFF– Digital Input Status– VT Fuse Failure Alarm ON / OFF– Trip Circuit Open Alarm ON / OFF– Trip Circuit ENERGIZED / NOT ENERGIZED– Password Changed– ENABLE / DISABLE Outputs– Setting Change START / DONE– Failure Messages (Critical Self-Test Alarm)– Warning Messages (Non-Critical Self-Test Alarm)
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Industrial Systems
Oscillography Data
! Currents and Voltages! Digital Flags! Internal and External
Oscillography Triggering! 120 Cycles of Storage
Capability! Up to 20 Cycles Prefault
Data! Up to 3 Trip Event Captures! ASCII File Format
(Readable by EXCEL/LOTUS/DGP-DATA)
! Fault Report and Settings Saved for Each Fault
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Industrial Systems
Hardware and Packaging• Testing and Trouble Shooting
– Optional MOD-10 Modular Test and Connection Plugs for Current/Voltage Injection
• Draw-Out Modular Construction– Plug-In Modules for Test and Maintenance– Removable Door– Target Clearing Through Door
• Self-Test Diagnostics– Critical Alarm– Non-Critical Alarm
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Industrial Systems
Nomenclature Selection GuideDGP* * * A * *
1 1 AMP Rated5 5 AMP Rated
0 One power supply, 48 Vdc1 One power supply, 110/125 Vdc2 One power supply, 220/250 Vdc3 Two power supplies, 48 Vdc4 Two power supplies, 110/125 Vdc5 Two power supplies, 220/250 Vdc
A With Test BlocksB Without Test Blocks
A Future UseA Function Group A See B Function Group B DGP SelectionC Function Group C Guide
A Revision Level
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Industrial Systems
DGP Selection GuideFUNCTIONS & FEATURES A B CStator Differential 87G X X XCurrent Unbalance 46 X X XLoss of Excitation 40-1, 40-2 X X XAnti-motoring 32 2 Setpoints 1 Setpoint 2 SetpointsOC - voltage restraint 51V X X XStator Ground 64G1 (Fundamental OV) X X XStator Ground 64G2 (3rd Harm. Comparator) X - XNeutral OC 51GN - X XOver Excitation 24 (Volts/Hz) X X XOver Voltage 59 X X XUnder Voltage 27 - X XUnder Frequency 81-U 4 Setpoints 2 Setpoints 4 SetpointsOver Frequency 81-O 4 Setpoints 2 Setpoints 4 SetpointsAccidental Energization Logic X X XSequential Trip Logic X X XVoltage Transformer Fuse Failure VTFF X X XOscillography Data Capture X - XCommunication Ports 2-RS232 2-RS232 2-RS232Printer Output X - XIRIG-B Input X - X
Example: DGP54BACA - DGP rated 5 amperes, 50/60 Hz, 110/125 VDC redundant power
supplies, no built-in test blocks, function group A, revision A.