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TRANSCRIPT
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Dimensioning and Dimensioning and
TolerancingTolerancing
perper
ASME Y14.5MASME Y14.5M--19941994
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Shah, Nilesh
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Tolerances
of Form
Straightness Flatness
Circularity Cylindricity
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.1)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.3)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.2)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.4.4)
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25 +/-0.25
0.1 Tolerance
0.5 Tolerance
Straightness is the condition where an element of a
surface or an axis is a straight line
Straightness (Flat Surfaces)
0.5 0.1
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Straightness (Flat Surfaces)
24.75 min25.25 max
0.5 Tolerance Zone
0.1 Tolerance Zone
The straightness tolerance is applied in the view where the
elements to be controlled are represented by a straight line
In this example each line element of the surface must lie
within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines separated by the specified tolerance value applied to each
view. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of size and the applicable straightness limit.
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Straightness (Surface Elements)
MMC
0.1 Tolerance Zone
0.1
MMC
0.1 Tolerance Zone
MMC
0.1 Tolerance Zone
In this example each longitudinal element of the surface must
lie within a tolerance zone defined by two parallel lines separated by the specified tolerance value. The feature must
be within the limits of size and the boundary of perfect form at MMC. Any barreling or waisting of the feature must not
exceed the size limits of the feature.
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Straightness (RFS)
0.1
Outer Boundary (Max)
MMC
0.1 Diameter
Tolerance Zone
Outer Boundary = Actual Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance
In this example the derived median line of the feature’s actual local size must lie
within a tolerance zone defined by a cylinder whose diameter is equal to the
specified tolerance value regardless of the feature size. Each circular element of
the feature must be within the specified limits of size. However, the boundary of
perfect form at MMC can be violated up to the maximum outer boundary or
virtual condition diameter.
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Straightness (MMC)15 14.85
15.1 Virtual Condition
15 (MMC)
0.1 Diameter Tolerance Zone
15.1 Virtual Condition
14.85 (LMC)
0.25 Diameter Tolerance Zone
Virtual Condition = MMC Feature Size + Straightness Tolerance
In this example the derived median line of the feature’s actual local size
must lie within a tolerance zone defined by a cylinder whose diameter is equal to the specified tolerance value at MMC. As each circular element
of the feature departs from MMC, the diameter of the tolerance cylinder is allowed to increase by an amount equal to the departure from the local
MMC size. Each circular element of the feature must be within the specified limits of size. However, the boundary of perfect form at MMC
can be violated up to the virtual condition diameter.
0.1 M
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Flatness
Flatness is the condition of a surface having all elements in
one plane. Flatness must fall within the limits of size. The
flatness tolerance must be less than the size tolerance.
25 +/-0.25
24.75 min25.25 max
0.1
0.1 Tolerance Zone
0.1 Tolerance Zone
In this example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance
zone defined by two parallel planes separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the
limits of size and the flatness limit.
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Circularity is the condition of a surface where all points of the
surface intersected by any plane perpendicular to a common
axis are equidistant from that axis. The circularity tolerance
must be less than the size tolerance
90
90
0.1
0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone
Circularity (Roundness)
In this example each circular element of the surface must lie within a
tolerance zone defined by two concentric circles separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the
limits of size and the circularity limit.
0.1
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Cylindricity
Cylindricity is the condition of a surface of revolution in which
all points are equidistant from a common axis. Cylindricity is a
composite control of form which includes circularity
(roundness), straightness, and taper of a cylindrical feature.
0.1 Tolerance Zone
MMC
0.1
In this example the entire surface must lie within a tolerance zone
defined by two concentric cylinders separated by the specified tolerance value. All points on the surface must lie within the limits of
size and the cylindricity limit.
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____________ and ___________ are individual line or circular
element (2-D) controls.
Form Control Quiz
The four form controls are ____________, ________,
___________, and ____________.
Rule #1 states that unless otherwise specified a feature of
size must have ____________at MMC.
________ and ____________are surface (3-D) controls.
Circularity can be applied to both ________and _______ cylindrical
parts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Form controls require a datum reference.
Form controls do not directly control a feature’s size.
A feature’s form tolerance must be less than it’s size
tolerance.
Flatness controls the orientation of a feature.
Size limits implicitly control a feature’s form.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Questions #1-5 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
straightness
flatness
circularity
cylindricity
perfect form
straight tapered profile
true position
angularity
Answer questions #6-10 True or False
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Tolerances of Orientation
Angularity
Perpendicularity
Parallelism
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.6.2)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.6.4)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.6.3)
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Angularity (Feature Surface to Datum Surface)
Angularity is the condition of the planar feature surface at a
specified angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum
reference plane, within the specified tolerance zone.
A
20 +/-0.5
30 o
A
19.5 min
0.3 Wide Tolerance
Zone
30 o
A
20.5 max
0.3 Wide
Tolerance Zone
30 o
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented at the
specified angle to the datum reference plane.
0.3 A
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Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified
angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference plane,
within the specified tolerance zone.
A
0.3 A
A
60 o
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented
at the specified angle to the datum reference plane.
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
Angularity (Feature Axis to Datum Surface)
NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS
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0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature
at RFS
Angularity is the condition of the feature axis at a specified
angle (other than 90 degrees) to the datum reference axis,
within the specified tolerance zone.
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
A
Datum Axis A
Angularity (Feature Axis to Datum Axis)
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented
at the specified angle to the datum reference axis.
NOTE: Feature axis must lie within tolerance zone cylinder
0.3 A
o45
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0.3 A
A
0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone
A A
Perpendicularity is the condition of the planar feature
surface at a right angle to the datum reference plane, within
the specified tolerance zone.
Perpendicularity (Feature Surface to Datum Surface)
0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented
perpendicular to the datum reference plane.
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C
Perpendicularity is the condition of the feature axis at a right
angle to the datum reference plane, within the specified
tolerance zone.
Perpendicularity (Feature Axis to Datum Surface)
0.3 C
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
0.3 Diameter Tolerance Zone
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
NOTE: Tolerance applies
to feature at RFS
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the length of
the feature, oriented perpendicular to the datum reference plane.
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Perpendicularity (Feature Axis to Datum Axis)
NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented
perpendicular to the datum reference axis.
Perpendicularity is the condition of the feature axis at a right
angle to the datum reference axis, within the specified
tolerance zone.
0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone
A
Datum Axis A
0.3 A
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0.3 A
A
25 +/-0.5
25.5 max
0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone
A
24.5 min
0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone
A
Parallelism is the condition of the planar feature surface
equidistant at all points from the datum reference plane,
within the specified tolerance zone.
Parallelism (Feature Surface to Datum Surface)
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes
oriented parallel to the datum reference plane.
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A
0.3 Wide Tolerance Zone
Parallelism (Feature Axis to Datum Surface)
0.3 A
A
NOTE: The specified tolerance does not apply to the orientation
of the feature axis in this direction
Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant
along its length from the datum reference plane, within the
specified tolerance zone.
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes
oriented parallel to the datum reference plane.
NOTE: Tolerance applies
to feature at RFS
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A
B
Parallelism (Feature Axis to Datum Surfaces)
A
B
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
0.3 Circular Tolerance Zone
Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant
along its length from the two datum reference planes, within
the specified tolerance zone.
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by a cylinder equal to the
length of the feature, oriented parallel to the datum reference planes.
NOTE: Tolerance applies
to feature at RFS
0.3 A B
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Parallelism (Feature Axis to Datum Axis)
Parallelism is the condition of the feature axis equidistant along
its length from the datum reference axis, within the specified
tolerance zone.
A
0.1 A
0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone
0.1 Circular Tolerance Zone
Datum Axis A
The tolerance zone in this example is
defined by a cylinder equal to the length of the feature, oriented
parallel to the datum reference axis.
NOTE: Tolerance applies to feature at RFS
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Orientation Control Quiz
The three orientation controls are __________, ___________,
and ________________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A _______________ is always required when applying any of
the orientation controls.
________________ is the appropriate geometric tolerance when
controlling the orientation of a feature at right angles to a datum
reference.
Orientation tolerances indirectly control a feature’s form.
Mathematically all three orientation tolerances are _________.
Orientation tolerances do not control the ________ of a feature.
6.
Orientation tolerance zones can be cylindrical.
Parallelism tolerances do not apply to features of size.
To apply an angularity tolerance the desired angle mustbe indicated as a basic dimension.
7.
8.
9.
10.
To apply a perpendicularity tolerance the desired angle
must be indicated as a basic dimension.
Questions #1-5 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
angularity
perpendicularity
parallelism
datum reference
identical
location
profile
datum feature
datum target
Answer questions #6-10 True or False
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Tolerances
of Profile
Profile of a Line
Profile of a Surface
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2b)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.5.2a)
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18 Max
Profile of a Line
2 Wide SizeTolerance Zone
1 A B C
A
17 +/- 1
1 Wide ProfileTolerance Zone
C
A1
20 X 20
A2
20 X 20
A3
20 X 20
B
The profile tolerance zone in this example is defined by two
parallel lines oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance zone is free to float within the
larger size tolerance and applies only to the form and orientation of any individual line element along the entire
surface.
Profile of a Line is a two-dimensional tolerance that can be applied to a part feature in situations where the control of the entire feature surface as
a single entity is not required or desired. The tolerance applies to the line element of the surface at each individual cross section indicated on the
drawing.
16 Min.
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Profile of a Surface is a three-dimensional tolerance that can be applied to a part feature in situations where the control of the entire feature
surface as a single entity is desired. The tolerance applies to the entire surface and can be used to control size, location, form and/or orientation
of a feature surface.
Profile of a Surface
2 Wide Tolerance Zone Size, Form and Orientation
A
A1
20 X 20
A2
20 X 20
A3
20 X 20
C 2 A B C
23.5
23.5Nominal Location
The profile tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance zone is located and aligned in a way that enables the part surface to vary equally about the true profile of the feature.
B
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Profile of a Surface
A1
20 X 20
A2
20 X 20
A3
20 X 20
B
C
50
B
C
50
1 Wide Total Tolerance Zone
(Bilateral Tolerance)
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance zone is located and aligned in a way that enables the part surface to vary equally about the true profile of the trim.
1 A B C
Nominal Location
0.5 Inboard
0.5 Outboard
Profile of a Surface when applied to trim edges of sheet metal parts will control the location, form and orientation of the entire trimmed surface. When a bilateral value is specified, the tolerance zone allows the trim edge variation and/or locational error to be on both sides of the true profile. The tolerance applies to the entire edge surface.
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Profile of a Surface
A1
20 X 20
A2
20 X 20
A3
20 X 20
B
C
50
B
C
50
0.5 Wide Total Tolerance Zone
(Unilateral Tolerance)
Profile of a Surface when applied to trim edges of sheet metal parts will control the location, form and orientation of the entire trimmed surface. When a unilateral value is specified, the tolerance zone limits the trim edge variation and/or locational error to one side of the true profile. The tolerance applies tothe entire edge surface.
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance zone is located and aligned in a way that allows the trim surface to vary from the true profile only in the inboard direction.
0.5 A B C
Nominal Location
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Profile of a Surface
A1
20 X 20
A2
20 X 20
A3
20 X 20
B
C
50
1.2 A B C
B
C
50
0.5 Inboard
0.7 Outboard
1.2 Wide Total Tolerance Zone
(Unequal Bilateral Tolerance)
Profile of a Surface when applied to trim edges of sheet metal parts will control the location, form and orientation of the entire trimmed surface. Typically when unequal values are specified, the tolerance zone will represent the actual measured trim edge variation and/or locational error. The tolerance applies to the entire edge surface.
The tolerance zone in this example is defined by two parallel planes oriented with respect to the datum reference frame. The profile tolerance zone is located and aligned in a way that enables the part surface to vary from the true profile more in one direction (outboard) than in the other (inboard).
0.5
Nominal Location
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A
25
A0.5
0.1
25.2524.75
0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone
A
Composite Profile of Two Coplanar Surfaces w/o Orientation Refinement
Profile of a Surface
Form Only
Location & Orientation
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0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone
0.1 Wide Tolerance Zone
25.25
24.75
A
A
A
25
A0.5
A0.1 Form & Orientation
Composite Profile of Two Coplanar Surfaces With Orientation Refinement
Profile of a Surface
Location
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6.
Profile Control Quiz
Profile tolerances always require a datum reference.
Answer questions #1-13 True or False
1.
Profile of a surface tolerance is a 2-dimensional control.
Profile of a line tolerances should be applied at MMC.
Profile tolerances can be applied to features of size.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Profile of a surface tolerance should be used to control
trim edges on sheet metal parts.
Profile tolerances can be combined with other geometric
controls such as flatness to control a feature.
Profile of a line tolerances apply to an entire surface.7.
Profile of a line controls apply to individual line elements.8.
Profile tolerances only control the location of a surface.9.
Composite profile controls should be avoided becausethey are more restrictive and very difficult to check.
10.
Profile tolerances can be applied either bilateral orunilateral to a feature.
11.
Profile tolerances can be applied in both freestate and
restrained datum conditions.12.
Tolerances shown in the lower segment of a composite
profile feature control frame control the location of afeature to the specified datums.
13.
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In composite profile applications, the tolerance shown in the upper
segment of the feature control frame applies only to the ________ of
the feature.
Profile Control Quiz
The two types of profile tolerances are _________________,
and ____________________.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Profile tolerances can be used to control the ________, ____,
___________ , and sometimes size of a feature.
Profile tolerances can be applied _________ or __________.
_________________ tolerances are 2-dimensional controls.
____________________ tolerances are 3-dimensional controls.
Questions #1-9 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
6. _________________ can be used when different tolerances are
required for location and form and/or orientation.
7. When using profile tolerances to control the location and/or orientation of
a feature, a _______________ must be included
in the feature control frame.
8. When using profile tolerances to control form only, a ______
__________ is not required in the feature control frame.
9.
profile of a linedatum reference
composite profile bilateral
location form
primary datum
true geometric counterpart
orientationprofile of a surface
unilateral
virtual condition
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Tolerances of Location
True Position
Concentricity
Symmetry
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 5.2)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 5.12)
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 5.13)
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10.25 +/- 0.5
10.25 +/- 0.5
8.5 +/- 0.1
RectangularTolerance Zone
10.25
10.25
8.5 +/- 0.1
Circular Tolerance
Zone
B
A
C
Coordinate vs Geometric
Tolerancing Methods
Coordinate Dimensioning Geometric Dimensioning
Rectangular Tolerance Zone Circular Tolerance Zone
1.4
+/- 0.5
+/- 0.5
57% Larger
Tolerance Zone
Circular Tolerance Zone
Rectangular Tolerance Zone
Increased Effective Tolerance
1.4 A B C
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Formula to determine the actual radial position of a feature using measured coordinate values (RFS)
Z positional tolerance /2
X2 Y2+Z =
X =2
Y =2
X
Y
ZFeature axis actual
location (measured)
Positional
tolerance zone cylinder
Feature axis true position (designed)
Positional Tolerance Verification
Z = total radial deviation
“X” measured deviation
“Y” measured deviation
Actual feature boundary
(Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated)
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Formula to determine the actual radial position of a feature using measured coordinate values (MMC)
Z
X2 Y2+Z =
X =2
Y =2
X
Y
ZFeature axis actual
location (measured)
Positional
tolerance zone cylinder
Feature axis true position (designed)
Positional Tolerance Verification
Z = total radial deviation
“X” measured deviation
“Y” measured deviation
Actual feature boundary
+( actual - MMC)
2
= positional tolerance
(Applies when a circular tolerance is indicated)
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Rectangular Coordinate Method
3510
10
AC
B
1.5 A B C
0.5 A B C2X
2X
10 35
1.5 Wide
Tolerance Zone
0.5 WideTolerance Zone
True Position Related
to Datum Reference Frame
10B
C
Each axis must lie within the 1.5 X 0.5 rectangular tolerance zone basically located to the datum reference frame
As Shown
on Drawing
Means This:
2X 6 +/-0.25
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Multiple Single-Segment Method
3510
10
AC
B
10 35
1.5 Wide
Tolerance Zone
0.5 WideTolerance Zone
True Position Related
to Datum Reference Frame
10B
C
Each axis must lie within the 1.5 X 0.5 rectangular tolerance zone basically located to the datum reference frame
As Shown
on Drawing
Means This:
2X 6 +/-0.251.5 A B C
0.5 A B
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3510
10
AC
B As Shown
on Drawing
Means This:
1.5 A B C 0.5 A B CBOUNDARY BOUNDARY
10 3510
B
C
2X 13 +/-0.25 2X 6 +/-0.25
12.75 MMC width of slot
-1.50 Position tolerance
11.25 Maximum boundary
Both holes must be within the size limits and no
portion of their surfaces may lie within the area described by the 11.25 x 5.25 maximum
boundaries when the part is positioned with
respect to the datum reference frame. The
boundary concept can only be applied on anMMC basis.
o90
True position boundary relatedto datum reference frame
A
Bi-directional True PositionNoncylndrical Features (Boundary Concept)
MM
5.75 MMC length of slot
-0.50 Position tolerance
5.25 maximum boundary
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Without Pattern Orientation Control
3510
10
AC
B
10 35
True Position Relatedto Datum Reference
Frame
10B
C
Each axis must lie within each tolerance zone simultaneously
As Shown
on Drawing
Means This:
2X 6 +/-0.251.5 A B C
0.5 A
0.5 Feature-RelatingTolerance Zone Cylinder
1.5 Pattern-Locating
Tolerance Zone Cylinderpattern location relative
to Datums A, B, and Cpattern orientation relative to
Datum A only (perpendicularity)
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3510
10
AC
B
10 35
True Position Relatedto Datum Reference
Frame
10B
C
Each axis must lie within each tolerance zone simultaneously
As Shown
on Drawing
Means This:
2X 6 +/-0.25
0.5 Feature-RelatingTolerance Zone Cylinder
1.5 Pattern-Locating
Tolerance Zone Cylinderpattern location relative
to Datums A, B, and C
pattern orientation relative to
Datums A and B
1.5 A B C
0.5 A B
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Datum Features at RFS
A
15.9515.90
As Shown on Drawing
Derived Median Points of Diametrically Opposed Elements
Axis of DatumFeature A
Means This:
Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points of diametrically opposed elements must lie within a 0.5 cylindrical tolerance zone. The axis of the tolerance zone coincides with the axis of datum feature A. Concentricity can only be applied on an RFS basis.
0.5 A
6.35 +/- 0.05
0.5 Coaxial Tolerance Zone
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Datum Features at RFS
A
15.9515.90
0.5 A
6.35 +/- 0.05
Derived MedianPoints
Center Plane of Datum Feature A
0.5 Wide Tolerance Zone
Means This:
Within the limits of size and regardless of feature size, all median points of opposed elements must lie between two parallel planes equallydisposed about datum plane A, 0.5 apart. Symmetry can only be applied on an RFS basis.
As Shown on Drawing
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True Position Quiz
Answer questions #1-11 True or False
Positional tolerances are applied to individual or patternsof features of size.
1.
Cylindrical tolerance zones more closely represent the
functional requirements of a pattern of clearance holes.
True position tolerances can control a feature’s size.
Positional tolerances are applied on an MMC, LMC, or
RFS basis.
2.
3.
4.
5.
True position tolerance values are used to calculate the
minimum size of a feature required for assembly.
6. Composite true position tolerances should be avoided
because it is overly restrictive and difficult to check.
Composite true position tolerances can only be appliedto patterns of related features.
7.
The tolerance value shown in the upper segment of acomposite true position feature control frame applies
to the location of a pattern of features to the specified
datums.
8.
Positional tolerances can be used to control circularity
9.
10.
11.
The tolerance value shown in the lower segment of a
composite true position feature control frame appliesto the location of a pattern of features to the specified
datums.
True position tolerances can be used to control centerdistance relationships between features of size.
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Positional tolerance zones can be ___________, ___________,
or spherical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
________________ are used to establish the true (theoretically
exact) position of a feature from specified datums.
Positional tolerancing is a _____________ control.
Positional tolerance can apply to the ____ or ________________ of
a feature.
_____ and ________ fastener equations are used to determine
appropriate clearance hole sizes for mating details
6.
7.
_________ tolerance zones are recommended to prevent fastener
interference in mating details.
8.
projected3-dimensional
surface boundary floating
location fixed
basic dimensions
maximum material
cylindricalpattern-locating rectangular
feature-relating
True Position Quiz
Questions #1-9 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
The tolerance shown in the upper segment of a composite true
position feature control frame is called the ________________tolerance zone.
The tolerance shown in the lower segment of a composite true
position feature control frame is called the ________________tolerance zone.
9. Functional gaging principles can be applied when __________
________ condition is specified
axis
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Tolerances of Runout
Circular Runout
(ASME Y14.5M-1994, 6.7.1.2.1)
Total Runout
(ASME Y14.5M-1994 ,6.7.1.2.2)
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Datum feature
Datum axis (established
from datum feature
Angled surfaces
constructed around a datum axis
External surfaces constructed around
a datum axis
Internal surfaces
constructed around a datum axis
Surfaces constructed
perpendicular to a datum axis
Features Applicable
to Runout Tolerancing
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0+ -
Full Indicator
Movement
Maximum Minimum
Total
Tolerance
Maximum Reading
Minimum
Reading
Full Part
Rotation
Measuring position #1
(circular element #1)
Circular Runout
When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset to zero at each measuring position
along the feature surface. Each individual circular element of the surface is independently allowed the full specified tolerance. In this example, circular runout can be used to detect 2-
dimensional wobble (orientation) and waviness (form), but not 3-dimensional characteristics
such as surface profile (overall form) or surface wobble (overall orientation).
Measuring position #2
(circular element #2)
Circular runout can only be applied on an
RFS basis and cannot be modified to
MMC or LMC.
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o360 Part Rotation
50 +/- 2o o
As Shown
on Drawing
Means This:
Datum axis A
Single circular
element
Circular Runout(Angled Surface to Datum Axis)
0.75 A
A
50 +/-0.25
0+-
NOTE: Circular runout in this example only
controls the 2-dimensional circular elements (circularity and coaxiality) of the angled feature surface not the entire angled feature surface
Full Indicator
Movement( )
The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual measuring position along the feature surface.
Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.
When measuring circular runout, the indicator mustbe reset when repositioned along the feature surface.
Collet or Chuck
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As Shown
on Drawing
50 +/-0.25
0.75 A
Circular Runout (Surface Perpendicular to Datum Axis)
o360 Part
Rotation
0+-
Datum axis A
Single circular element
NOTE: Circular runout in this example will only control variation in the 2-dimensional
circular elements of the planar surface (wobble and waviness) not the entire feature surface
The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual measuring position along the feature surface.
Means This:
Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.
When measuring circular runout, the indicator mustbe reset when repositioned along the feature surface.
A
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0+ -
Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.
Single circular element
o360 Part
Rotation
Means This:
As Shown
on Drawing
50 +/-0.25
0.75 A
Datum axis A
When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset when repositioned along the feature surface.
Circular Runout (Surface Coaxial to Datum Axis)
The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual measuring position along the feature surface.
NOTE: Circular runout in this example will only control variation in the 2-dimensional
circular elements of the surface (circularity and coaxiality) not the entire feature surface
A
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0+ -
Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.
Single circular element
o360 Part Rotation
Means This:
As Shown
on Drawing
0.75 A-B
Datum axis A-B
When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset when repositioned along the feature surface.
Circular Runout (Surface Coaxial to Datum Axis)
The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual measuring position along the feature surface.
NOTE: Circular runout in this example will only control variation in the 2-dimensional
circular elements of the surface (circularity and coaxiality) not the entire feature surface
Machine
center
Machine
center
BA
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As Shown
on Drawing
50 +/-0.25
Circular Runout (Surface Related to Datum Surface and Axis)
o360 Part
Rotation
0+ -
Datum axis B
Single circular element
The tolerance zone for any individual circular element is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator fixed in a position normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is located against the datum surface and rotated 360 degrees about the datum axis. The tolerance limit is applied independently to each individual measuring position along the feature surface.
Means This:
A
Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.
When measuring circular runout, the indicator must be reset when repositioned along the feature surface.
Collet or Chuck
Stop collar
0.75 A B
Datum plane A
B
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0+
Full Indicator
Movement
Total
Tolerance
Maximum
ReadingMinimum Reading
Full Part
Rotation
-
0+ -
Total Runout
Maximum Minimum
When measuring total runout, the indicator is moved in a straight line along the feature surface
while the part is rotated about the datum axis. It is also acceptable to measure total runout by
evaluating an appropriate number of individual circular elements along the surface while the part
is rotated about the datum axis. Because the tolerance value is applied to the entire surface, the
indicator must not be reset to zero when moved to each measuring position. In this example, total runout can be used to measure surface profile (overall form) and surface wobble (overall
orientation).
Indicator
Path
Total runout can only be applied on an
RFS basis and cannot be modified to
MMC or LMC.
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Full Part
Rotation
50 +/- 2o o
As Shown
on Drawing
A
50 +/-0.25
0.75 A
Means This:
Datum axis A
0+-
The tolerance zone for the entire angled surface is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator positioned normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated about the datum axis and the indicator is moved along the entire length of the feature surface.0
+-
NOTE: Unlike circular runout, the use of total runoutwill provide 3-dimensional composite control of the cumulative variations of circularity, coaxiality, angularity, taper and profile of the angled surface
Total Runout (Angled Surface to Datum Axis)
Collet or Chuck
When measuring total runout, the indicator must not be reset when repositioned along the feature surface.
(applies to the entire feature surface)Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.
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0+-
Total Runout (Surface Perpendicular to Datum Axis)
As Shown
on Drawing
A
50 +/-0.25
0.75 A
35
10
0+-
Datum axis AFull Part
Rotation
35
10
Means This:
NOTE: The use of total runout in this example
will provide composite control of the cumulative variations of perpendicularity (wobble) and flatness (concavity or convexity) of the feature surface.
The tolerance zone for the portion of the feature surface indicated is equal to the total allowable movement of a dial indicator positioned normal to the true geometric shape of the feature surface when the part is rotated about the datum axis and the indicator is moved along the portion of the feature surface within the area described by the basic dimensions.
When measuring total runout, the indicator must not be reset when repositioned along the feature surface.
(applies to portion of feature surface indicated)Allowable indicator reading = 0.75 max.
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Runout Control Quiz
Answer questions #1-12 True or False
Total runout is a 2-dimensional control.1.
Runout tolerances are used on rotating parts.
Total runout tolerances should be applied at MMC.
Runout tolerances can be applied to surfaces at rightangles to the datum reference.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Circular runout tolerances apply to single elements .
6. Circular runout tolerances are used to control an entire
feature surface.
Runout tolerances always require a datum reference.7.
Circular runout and total runout both control axis to surface relationships.
8.
Circular runout can be applied to control taper of a part.9.
Total runout tolerances are an appropriate way to limit “wobble” of a rotating surface.
10.
Runout tolerances are used to control a feature’s size.11.
Total runout can control circularity, straightness, taper,coaxiality, angularity and any other surface variation.
12.
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Fixed and
Floating
Fastener
Exercises
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2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
?.?
2x 10.50 +/- 0.25
M Calculate Required Positional Tolerance
0.5
2x ??.?? +/- 0.25
M
Calculate Nominal Size
A
B
T = H - FH = Minimum Hole Size = 10.25
F = Max. Fastener Size = 10
T = 10.25 -10
T = ______
Floating Fasteners
H = F +TF = Max. Fastener Size = 10T = Positional Tolerance = 0.50
H = 10 + 0.50
H = ______
In applications where two or more mating details are assembled, and all parts have clearance holes for the fasteners, the floating fastener formula shown
below can be used to calculate the appropriate hole sizes or positional tolerance
requirements to ensure assembly. The formula will provide a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole
F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter
H=F+T or T=H-F
General Equation Applies to
Each Part Individually
remember: the size tolerance must be
added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value.
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2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
0.25
2x 10.50 +/- 0.25
M
0.5
2x 10.75 +/- 0.25
M
A
B
Floating Fasteners
REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole
F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter
H=F+T or T=H-F
General Equation Applies to
Each Part Individually
T = H - FH = Minimum Hole Size = 10.25
F = Max. Fastener Size = 10
T = 10.25 -10
T = 0.25
Calculate Required Positional Tolerance
F = Max. Fastener Size = 10T = Positional Tolerance = 0.5
H = 10 + .5
H = 10.5 Minimum
H = F +T
In applications where two or more mating details are assembled, and all parts have clearance holes for the fasteners, the floating fastener formula shown
below can be used to calculate the appropriate hole sizes or positional tolerance
requirements to ensure assembly. The formula will provide a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance
remember: the size tolerance must be
added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value.
Calculate Nominal Size
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F = Max. Fastener Size = 10.00
T = Positional Tolerance = 0.80
2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
0.8
2x ??.?? +/- 0.25
M
Calculate Required Clearance Hole Size.
2X M10 X 1.5
A
B
Fixed Fasteners
H = 10.00 + 2(0.8)
H = _____
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole
F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter
H=F+2T or T=(H-F)/2
General Equation Used When
Positional Tolerances Are Equal
In fixed fastener applications where two mating details have equal positional tolerances, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the
appropriate minimum clearance hole size and/or positional tolerance required to
ensure assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note that in this example
the positional tolerances indicated are the same for both parts.)
0.8 M 10P
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED
Nominal Size (MMC For Calculations)
H = F + 2T
remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC size to obtain the correct nominal value.
10
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2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
2x 11.85 +/- 0.25
0.8 M
Calculate Required Clearance Hole Size.
A
B
In fixed fastener applications where two mating details have equal positional tolerances, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the
appropriate minimum clearance hole size and/or positional tolerance required to
ensure assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note that in this example
the positional tolerances indicated are the same for both parts.)
Fixed Fasteners
H = F + 2TF = Max. Fastener Size = 10.00
T = Positional Tolerance = 0.80
H = 10.00 + 2(0.8)
H = 11.60 Minimum
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole
F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter
H=F+2T or T=(H-F)/2
General Equation Used When
Positional Tolerances Are Equal
0.8 M 10P
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED
2X M10 X 1.5Nominal Size
(MMC For Calculations)
remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC size to obtain the correct nominal value.
REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC
10
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2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
2x 11.85 +/- 0.25
0.8 M
Calculate Required Clearance Hole Size.
A
B
In fixed fastener applications where two mating details have equal positional tolerances, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the
appropriate minimum clearance hole size and/or positional tolerance required to
ensure assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note that in this example
the positional tolerances indicated are the same for both parts.)
Fixed Fasteners
H = F + 2TF = Max. Fastener Size = 10
T = Positional Tolerance = 0.8
H = 10 + 2(0.8)
H = 11.6 Minimum
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole
F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter
H=F+2T or T=(H-F)/2
General Equation Used When
Positional Tolerances Are Equal
0.8 M 10P
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED
2X M10 X 1.5Nominal Size
(MMC For Calculations)
remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC size to obtain the correct nominal value.
REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC
10
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2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
0.5
2x 11.25 +/- 0.25
MCalculate Required Positional Tolerance . (Both Parts)
A
B
In applications where two mating details are assembled, and one part has restrained fasteners, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to
calculate appropriate hole sizes and/or positional tolerances required to ensure
assembly. The formula will provide a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note: in this example the
resultant positional tolerance is applied to both parts equally.)
Fixed Fasteners
T = (H - F)/2H = Minimum Hole Size = 11
F = Max. Fastener Size = 10
T = (11 - 10)/2
T = 0.50
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole
F= Maximum diameter of fastener T= Positional tolerance diameter
H=F+2T or T=(H-F)/2
General Equation Used When
Positional Tolerances Are Equal
2X M10 X 1.5
0.5 M 10P
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED
Nominal Size (MMC For Calculations)
REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC
10
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2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
0.5
2x ??.?? +/- 0.25
M
Calculate Required Clearance Hole Size.
A
B
Fixed Fasteners
H = Min. diameter of clearance hole
F = Maximum diameter of fastener T1= Positional tolerance (Part A) T2=
Positional tolerance (Part B)
H=F+(T1 + T2)
General Equation Used When
Positional Tolerances Are Not Equal
F = Max. Fastener Size = 10
T1 = Positional Tol. (A) = 0.50
T2 = Positional Tol. (B) = 1
H = 10+ (0.5 + 1)
H = ____
H=F+(T1 + T2)
In fixed fastener applications where two mating details have unequal positional tolerances, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the
appropriate minimum clearance hole size and/or positional tolerances required to
ensure assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note that in this example
the positional tolerances indicated are not equal.)
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED
2X M10 X 1.5Nominal Size
(MMC For Calculations)
remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value.
10
1 M 10P
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2x M10 X 1.5(Reference)
B
A
0.5
2x 11.75 +/- 0.25
M
Calculate Required Clearance Hole Size.
A
B
In fixed fastener applications where two mating details have unequal positional tolerances, the fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the
appropriate minimum clearance hole size and/or positional tolerances required to
ensure assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at their extreme of positional tolerance. (Note that in this example
the positional tolerances indicated are not equal.)
Fixed Fasteners
F = Max. Fastener Size = 10
T1 = Positional Tol. (A) = 0.5
T2 = Positional Tol. (B) = 1
H = 10 + (0.5 + 1)
H = 11.5 Minimum
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS USED
H = Min. diameter of clearance hole
F = Maximum diameter of fastener T1= Positional tolerance (Part A) T2=
Positional tolerance (Part B)
H= F+(T1 + T2)
General Equation Used When
Positional Tolerances Are Not Equal
H=F+(T1 + T2)
1 M 10P
2X M10 X 1.5Nominal Size
(MMC For Calculations)
remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value.
REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC
10
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D
P
H F
A
B
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS NOT USED
2x 10.05 +/-0.05
B
A
0.5 M
2x ??.?? +/-0.25Calculate Nominal Size
0.5 M
In applications where a projected tolerance zone is not indicated, it is necessary to select a positional tolerance and minimum clearance hole size
combination that will allow for any out-of-squareness of the feature containing the
fastener. The modified fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate minimum clearance hole size required to ensure
assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at the extreme positional tolerance.
Fixed Fasteners
H = 10.00 + 0.5 + 0.5(1 + 2(15/20))
H = __________
H= F + T1 + T2 (1+(2P/D))
remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value.
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of pin
T1= Positional tolerance (Part A) T2= Positional tolerance (Part B)
D= Min. depth of pin (Part A)
P= Maximum projection of pin
F = Max. pin size = 10
T1 = Positional Tol. (A) = 0.5
T2 = Positional Tol. (B) = 0.5 D = Min. pin depth = 20. P
= Max. pin projection = 15
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D
P
H F
A
B
H= Min. diameter of clearance hole F= Maximum diameter of pin
T1= Positional tolerance (Part A) T2= Positional tolerance (Part B)
D= Min. depth of pin (Part A)
P= Maximum projection of pin
APPLIES WHEN A PROJECTED TOLERANCE ZONE IS NOT USED
2x 10.05 +/-0.05
B
A
0.5 M
2x 12 +/-0.25Calculate Nominal Size
0.5 M
F = Max. pin size = 10
T1 = Positional tol. (A) = 0.5
T2 = Positional tol. (B) = 0.5 D = Min. pin depth = 20 P
= Max. pin projection = 15
H= F + T1 + T2 (1+(2P/D))
H = 10 + 0.5 + 0.5(1 + 2(15/20))
H = 11.75 Minimum
In applications where a projected tolerance zone is not indicated, it is necessary to select a positional tolerance and minimum clearance hole size
combination that will allow for any out-of-squareness of the feature containing the
fastener. The modified fixed fastener formula shown below can be used to calculate the appropriate minimum clearance hole size required to ensure
assembly. The formula provides a “zero-interference” fit when the features are at MMC and at the extreme positional tolerance.
Fixed Fasteners
H= F + T1 + T2 (1+(2P/D))
REMEMBER!!! All Calculations Apply at MMC
remember: the size tolerance must be added to the calculated MMC hole size to obtain the correct nominal value.
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Answers to Quizzes
and Exercises
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Rules and Definitions Quiz
1. Tight tolerances ensure high quality and performance.
2. The use of GD&T improves productivity.
3. Size tolerances control both orientation and position.
4. Unless otherwise specified size tolerances control form.
5. A material modifier symbol is not required for RFS.
6. A material modifier symbol is not required for MMC.
7. Title block default tolerances apply to basic dimensions.
8. A surface on a part is considered a feature.
9. Bilateral tolerances allow variation in two directions.
10. A free state modifier can only be applied to a tolerance.
11. A free state datum modifier applies to “assists” & “rests”.
12. Virtual condition applies regardless of feature size.
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Questions #1-12 True or False
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Material Condition Quiz
Internal Features MMC LMC
External Features MMC LMC
.890
.885
.895
.890
23.45 +0.05/-0.25
10.75 +0.25/-0
123. 5 +/-0.1
23.45 +0.05/-0.25
10.75 +0/-0.25
123. 5 +/-0.1
Calculate appropriate values
Fill in blanks
10.75 11
23.2 23.5
123.4 123.6
.890 .895
10.75 10.5
23.5 23.2
123.6 123.4
.890 .885
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1. Datum target areas are theoretically exact.
2. Datum features are imaginary.
3. Primary datums have only three points of contact.
4. The 6 Degrees of Freedom are U/D, F/A, & C/C.
5. Datum simulators are part of the gage or tool.
6. Datum simulators are used to represent datums.
8. All datum features must be dimensionally stable.
9. Datum planes constrain degrees of freedom.
10. Tertiary datums are not always required.
12. Datums should represent functional features.
Datum Quiz
11. All tooling locators (CD’s) are used as datums.
Questions #1-12 True or False
7. Datums are actual part features.
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
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Datum Quiz
The three planes that make up a basic datum reference
frame are called primary, secondary, and tertiary.
An unrestrained part will exhibit 3-linear and 3-rotational degrees
of freedom.
A planar primary datum plane will restrain 1-linear and 2-rotationaldegrees of freedom.
The primary and secondary datum planes together will restrain five degrees
of freedom.
The primary, secondary and tertiary datum planes together will
restrain all six degrees of freedom.
The purpose of a datum reference frame is to restrain movementof a part in a gage or tool.
A datum must be functional, repeatable, and coordinated.
A datum feature is an actual feature on a part.
A datum is a theoretically exact point, axis or plane.
A datum simulator is a precise surface used to establish a
simulated datum.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Questions #1-10 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
primary
secondary
tertiary 3-rotational
3-linear
2-rotational
datum
three
two
one
six
functional
restrain movement coordinated
datum simulator
datum feature
repeatablefive
1-linear
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Straightness and circularity are individual line or circular
element (2-D) controls.
Form Control Quiz
The four form controls are straightness, flatness,
circularity, and cylindricity.
Rule #1 states that unless otherwise specified a feature of
size must have perfect form at MMC.
Flatness and cylindricity are surface (3-D) controls.
Circularity can be applied to both straight and tapered cylindrical
parts.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Form controls require a datum reference.
Form controls do not directly control a feature’s size.
A feature’s form tolerance must be less than it’s size
tolerance.
Flatness controls the orientation of a feature.
Size limits implicitly control a feature’s form.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
Answer questions #6-10 True or False
Questions #1-5 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
straightness
flatness
circularity
cylindricity
perfect form
straight tapered profile
true position
angularity
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Orientation Control Quiz
The three orientation controls are angularity, parallelism,
and perpendicularity.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A datum reference is always required when applying any of
the orientation controls.
Perpendicularity is the appropriate geometric tolerance when
controlling the orientation of a feature at right angles to a datum
reference.
Orientation tolerances indirectly control a feature’s form.
Mathematically all three orientation tolerances are identical.
Orientation tolerances do not control the location of a feature.
Answer questions #6-10 True or False
6. TRUE
Orientation tolerance zones can be cylindrical.
Parallelism tolerances do not apply to features of size.
To apply an angularity tolerance the desired angle mustbe indicated as a basic dimension.
7.
8.
9.
10.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
To apply a perpendicularity tolerance the desired angle
must be indicated as a basic dimension.
Questions #1-5 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
angularity
perpendicularity
parallelism
datum reference
identical
location
profile
datum feature
datum target
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Runout Control Quiz
Answer questions #1-12 True or False
TRUE
Total runout is a 2-dimensional control.1.
Runout tolerances are used on rotating parts.
Total runout tolerances should be applied at MMC.
Runout tolerances can be applied to surfaces at rightangles to the datum reference.
2.
3.
4.
5.
FALSE
Circular runout tolerances apply to single elements .
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
6. Circular runout tolerances are used to control an entire
feature surface.
Runout tolerances always require a datum reference.7.
Circular runout and total runout both control axis to surface relationships.
8. TRUE
Circular runout can be applied to control taper of a part.9. FALSE
Total runout tolerances are an appropriate way to limit “wobble” of a rotating surface.
10.
Runout tolerances are used to control a feature’s size.11.
Total runout can control circularity, straightness, taper,coaxiality, angularity and any other surface variation.
12. TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
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In composite profile applications, the tolerance shown in the upper
segment of the feature control frame applies only to the location of the
feature.
Profile Control Quiz
The two types of profile tolerances are profile of a line, and
profile of a surface.1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Profile tolerances can be used to control the location, form,
orientation, and sometimes size of a feature.
Profile tolerances can be applied bilateral or unilateral.
Profile of a line tolerances are 2-dimensional controls.
Profile of a surface tolerances are 3-dimensional controls.
Questions #1-9 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
6. Composite Profile can be used when different tolerances are
required for location and form and/or orientation.
7. When using profile tolerances to control the location and/or orientation of
a feature, a datum reference must be included in the feature control
frame.
8. When using profile tolerances to control form only, a datum reference is not required in the feature control frame.
9.
profile of a linedatum reference
composite profile bilateral
location form
primary datum
true geometric counterpart
orientationprofile of a surface
unilateral
virtual condition
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6.
Profile Control Quiz
Profile tolerances always require a datum reference.
Answer questions #1-13 True or False
1.
Profile of a surface tolerance is a 2-dimensional control.
Profile of a line tolerances should be applied at MMC.
Profile tolerances can be applied to features of size.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Profile of a surface tolerance should be used to control
trim edges on sheet metal parts.
Profile tolerances can be combined with other geometric
controls such as flatness to control a feature.
Profile of a line tolerances apply to an entire surface.7.
Profile of a line controls apply to individual line elements.8.
Profile tolerances only control the location of a surface.9.
Composite profile controls should be avoided because
they are more restrictive and very difficult to check.
10.
Profile tolerances can be applied either bilateral or
unilateral to a feature.
11.
Profile tolerances can be applied in both freestate and
restrained datum conditions.
12.
Tolerances shown in the lower segment of a composite
profile feature control frame control the location of a
feature to the specified datums.
13.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
FALSE
TRUE
TRUE
FALSE
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True Position Quiz
Answer questions #1-11 True or False
TRUE
Positional tolerances are applied to individual or patterns
of features of size.1.
Cylindrical tolerance zones more closely represent the
functional requirements of a pattern of clearance holes.
True position tolerances can control a feature’s size.
Positional tolerances are applied on an MMC, LMC, or
RFS basis.
2.
3.
4.
5.
FALSE
True position tolerance values are used to calculate the
minimum size of a feature required for assembly.
TRUE
TRUE
6. Composite true position tolerances should be avoided
because it is overly restrictive and difficult to check.
Composite true position tolerances can only be applied
to patterns of related features.
7.
The tolerance value shown in the upper segment of a
composite true position feature control frame applies
to the location of a pattern of features to the specified
datums.
8. TRUE
Positional tolerances can be used to control circularity
9. FALSE
10.
11. TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
The tolerance value shown in the lower segment of a
composite true position feature control frame applies
to the location of a pattern of features to the specified
datums.
True position tolerances can be used to control center
distance relationships between features of size.
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Positional tolerance zones can be rectangular, cylindrical,or spherical
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Basic dimensions are used to establish the true (theoretically
exact) position of a feature from specified datums.
Positional tolerancing is a 3-dimensional control.
Positional tolerance can apply to the axis or surface boundaryof a feature.
Fixed and floating fastener equations are used to determine
appropriate clearance hole sizes for mating details
6.
7.
Projected tolerance zones are recommended to prevent fastener
interference in mating details.
8.
projected3-dimensional
surface boundary floating
location fixed
basic dimensions
maximum material
cylindricalpattern-locating rectangular
feature-relating
True Position Quiz
Questions #1-9 Fill in blanks (choose from below)
The tolerance shown in the upper segment of a composite true
position feature control frame is called the pattern-locatingtolerance zone.
The tolerance shown in the lower segment of a composite true
position feature control frame is called the feature-relatingtolerance zone.
9. Functional gaging principles can be applied when maximum
material condition is specified
axis
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Virtual and
Resultant
Condition
Boundaries
Internal and External
Features (MMC Concept)
http://nileshshah.tk/
Virtual Condition BoundaryInternal Feature (MMC Concept)
12.5 Virtual Condition Boundary
13.5 MMC Size of Feature
1 Applicable Geometric Tolerance
Calculating Virtual Condition
1 A B CM
14 +/- 0.5
C
BXX.X
XX.X
A
As Shown on Drawing
Axis Location of
MMC Hole Shown
at Extreme Limit
Boundary of MMC Hole
Shown at Extreme Limit
1 Positional Tolerance Zone at
MMC
True (Basic)
Position of Hole
True (Basic)
Position of Hole
Other Possible
Extreme Locations
Virtual Condition
Inner Boundary
Maximum InscribedDiameter( )
http://nileshshah.tk/
Resultant Condition BoundaryInternal Feature (MMC Concept)
1 A B CM
14 +/- 0.5
C
BXX.X
XX.X
A
16.5 Resultant Condition Boundary
14.5 LMC Size of Feature
2 Geometric Tolerance (at LMC)
Calculating Resultant Condition (Internal Feature)
As Shown on Drawing
Axis Location of
LMC Hole Shown
at Extreme Limit
Boundary of LMC Hole
Shown at Extreme Limit
2 Positional Tolerance Zone at
LMC
True (Basic)
Position of Hole
True (Basic)
Position of Hole
Other Possible
Extreme Locations
Resultant Condition
Outer Boundary
Minimum CircumscribedDiameter( )
http://nileshshah.tk/
Virtual Condition BoundaryExternal Feature (MMC Concept)
15.5 Virtual Condition Boundary
14.5 MMC Size of Feature
1 Applicable Geometric Tolerance
Calculating Virtual Condition
1 A B CM
14 +/- 0.5
C
BXX.X
XX.XX
A
As Shown on Drawing
Axis Location of
MMC Feature Shown
at Extreme Limit
Boundary of MMC Feature
Shown at Extreme Limit
1 Positional Tolerance Zone at
MMC
True (Basic)
Position of Feature
True (Basic)
Position of Feature
Other Possible
Extreme Locations
Virtual Condition
Outer Boundary
Minimum CircumscribedDiameter( )
http://nileshshah.tk/
Resultant Condition BoundaryExternal Feature (MMC Concept)
1 A B CM
14 +/- 0.5
C
BXX.X
XX.X
A
11.5 Resultant Condition Boundary
13.5 LMC Size of Feature
2 Geometric Tolerance (at LMC)
Calculating Resultant Condition (External Feature)
As Shown on Drawing
Axis Location of
LMC Feature Shown
at Extreme Limit
Boundary of LMC feature
Shown at Extreme Limit
2 Positional Tolerance Zone at
LMC
True (Basic)
Position of Feature
True (Basic)
Position of Feature
Other Possible
Extreme Locations
Resultant Condition
Inner Boundary
Maximum Inscribed
Diameter( )
http://nileshshah.tk/Extreme Variations of Form
Allowed By Size Tolerance25.1 25
25
(MMC)
25.1
(LMC)
25.1 (LMC)
25 (MMC)
25.1
(LMC)
MMC Perfect
Form Boundary
Internal Feature of Size
http://nileshshah.tk/Extreme Variations of Form
Allowed By Size Tolerance25 24.9
25
(MMC)24.9 (LMC)
24.9 (LMC)
MMC Perfect
Form Boundary25
(MMC)
24.9 (LMC)
External Feature of Size
http://nileshshah.tk/Extreme Variations of Form
Allowed By Size Tolerance25.1
25
25
24.9
25
(MMC)
25.1
(LMC)
25.1
(LMC)
25
(MMC)24.9
(LMC)
24.9
(LMC)
25
(MMC)
25.1
(LMC)
MMC Perfect
Form Boundary25
(MMC)
24.9
(LMC)
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E
N
D
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http://nileshshah.tk/Notes