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© WJEC CBAC Ltd. JD*(S18-3700U20-1A)
GCSE
3700U20-1A
ENGLISH LANGUAGEUNIT 2Reading and Writing: Description, Narration and Exposition
TUESDAY, 5 JUNE 2018 – MORNING
Resource MaterialFor use with Section A
S18-3700U20-1A
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U2
01A
01
BLANK PAGE
(3700U20-1A)
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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Text A is taken from a website advertising overseas volunteering experiences.
37
00
U2
01A
03
Turn over.
Volu
ntee
r Pro
ject
s Vo
lunt
eer D
estin
atio
ns
Abo
ut U
s W
hy P
roje
cts
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ly N
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ects
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oad.
co.u
k
vide
os
phot
os
volu
ntee
r sto
ries
Sea
rch
…
Volu
ntee
r Abr
oad,
Gap
Yea
rs
and
Inte
rnsh
ips
› O
ver 2
4 ye
ars’
exp
erie
nce
of
orga
nisi
ng o
vers
eas
volu
ntee
r pr
ojec
ts
› Vo
lunt
eer a
broa
d on
flex
ible
pr
ojec
ts w
ith n
o fix
ed d
ates
› P
roje
cts
avai
labl
e fo
r vol
unte
ers
aged
16
to 7
5+
› W
orth
whi
le p
roje
cts
in m
ore
than
30
dest
inat
ions
› Fu
ll-tim
e st
aff e
mpl
oyed
in
ever
y de
stin
atio
n
Top
Proj
ects
› C
onse
rvat
ion
& E
nviro
nmen
t
› C
are
› M
edic
ine
& H
ealth
care
› Te
achi
ng
› B
uild
ing
› S
hort
-term
Spe
cial
s
Top
Des
tinat
ions
› Nep
al
› G
hana
› Sri
Lank
a ›
Cam
bodi
a
› Sou
th A
frica
›
Fiji
› Chi
na
› Pe
ru
› Tan
zani
a ›
Arg
entin
a
Why
Proj
ects
Abr
oad
Wha
t can
I do
?S
earc
h by
Pro
ject
Whe
re c
an I
go?
Sea
rch
by D
estin
atio
n
For o
ver 2
0 ye
ars
Pro
ject
s A
broa
d ha
ve b
een
expe
rts
in v
olun
teer
ing
abro
ad, w
ork
expe
rienc
e an
d ga
p ye
ar
plac
emen
ts.
Foun
ded
in 1
992,
Pro
ject
s A
broa
d ha
s no
w s
ent n
early
10
0,00
0 vo
lunt
eers
from
al
l wal
ks o
f life
to v
olun
teer
pr
ojec
ts in
the
deve
lopi
ng
wor
ld.
Lear
n m
ore
Vie
w m
ore
Pro
ject
sFi
nd o
ut m
ore
Vie
w m
ore
Des
tinat
ions
Find
out
mor
eS
hort
-te
rm
Spe
cial
s
› Req
uest
a C
all B
ack
› Req
uest
a B
roch
ure
› Req
uest
a N
ewsl
ette
r
› Con
tact
Us
› App
ly N
ow
› Cha
t Onl
ine
w
ith O
ur S
taff
Info
rmat
ion
Even
tsLo
ndon
17th
Jan
uary
, 7pm
- 9p
mB
irm
ingh
am7t
h Fe
brua
ry, 7
pm -
9pm
(3700U20-1A)
4
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Text B is adapted from a news story in a national newspaper.
JK Rowling criticises ‘voluntourism’ and highlights the dangers of volunteering in orphanages overseas
JK Rowling has criticised the idea of voluntourism and highlighted the many problems with working in orphanages abroad.
The term voluntourism refers to the popular trend of individuals travelling to developing countries to carry out volunteer work. In recent years, increasing concerns have been raised about voluntourism and gap year projects and some have argued it can cause more harm than good to the countries being visited.
The 51-year-old Harry Potter author has drawn attention to the dangers of volunteering in orphanages. The author’s charity Lumos has done a great deal of
research into the dangers facing children who are forced to live in institutions and works to support the eight million children who are currently living in institutions such as orphanages worldwide. Lumos argues that placing children in institutions denies them the loving and caring relationships they require and can damage their brain development.
According to their data, 90 per cent of the eight million children living in institutions worldwide are not orphans and have families at home which want to care for them but are too poor. JK Rowling describes voluntourism as one of the ‘drivers of family break up in very poor countries’ because it financially motivates institutions such as orphanages to be ‘run as businesses’.
Text C is taken from a factsheet about Lumos, the charity founded by JK Rowling.
Turn over.(3700U20-1A)
5
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Prov
ided
1,4
18
inte
rven
tions
to
hel
p sa
ve th
e liv
es o
f chi
ldre
n su
fferin
g fro
m
mal
nutri
tion,
se
vere
neg
lect
or
a la
ck o
f acc
ess
to m
edic
al
treat
men
t.
Prov
ided
tr
aini
ng,
expe
rt a
dvic
e or
tech
nica
l su
ppor
t to
34 d
iffer
ent
coun
tries
.
Hel
ped
redi
rect
al
mos
t $50
0 m
illio
n to
war
ds
crea
ting
com
mun
ity-
base
d se
rvic
es.
Influ
ence
d ch
ange
s in
th
e la
w th
at
will
ensu
re
bette
r fut
ures
fo
r gen
erat
ions
of
chi
ldre
n.
Hel
ped
mov
e m
ore
than
17,
000
child
ren
from
har
mfu
l in
stitu
tions
to
fam
ilies
or
fam
ily-s
tyle
se
tting
s.
Prev
ente
d al
mos
t 15,
000
child
ren
from
be
ing
adm
itted
to
inst
itutio
ns.
Trai
ned
mor
e th
an 2
7,00
0 so
cial
wor
kers
, m
edic
al
prof
essi
onal
s,
teac
hers
, ca
regi
vers
, civ
il se
rvan
ts a
nd
polic
y m
aker
s.
OU
R IM
PAC
T: S
INC
E 20
09, L
UM
OS
HA
SB
E PA
RT
OF
THE
SOLU
TIO
N:
HO
W Y
OU
CA
N M
AK
E A
D
IFFE
REN
CE
Orp
hana
ges
can
ofte
n be
set
up
with
th
e be
st o
f int
entio
ns a
nd fu
nded
by
wel
l-mea
ning
don
ors.
How
ever
, chi
ldre
n ne
ed fa
milie
s, n
ot o
rpha
nage
s. J
oin
us in
bu
ildin
g aw
aren
ess
and
unde
rsta
ndin
g of
th
is p
robl
em. H
elp
us re
turn
chi
ldre
n to
th
eir f
amilie
s an
d co
mm
uniti
es.
To g
et in
volv
ed o
r mak
e a
dona
tion,
go
to
wea
relu
mos
.org
toda
y or
em
ail a
ssis
t@w
eare
lum
os.o
rg.
OU
R 1
00%
PLE
DG
E
Than
ks to
the
gene
rous
sup
port
of J
.K.
Row
ling
and
othe
rs, 1
00%
of t
he m
oney
yo
u gi
ve to
Lum
os w
ill go
dire
ctly
to L
umos
pr
ojec
ts a
nd n
ot to
adm
inis
trativ
e co
sts.
Cha
rity
regi
stra
tion
deta
ils:
Lum
os F
ound
atio
n U
SA
Inc
(Lum
os U
SA)
, a 5
01(c
)(3
) non
pro
fit o
rgan
izat
ion
Reg
iste
red
Offi
ce 5
57
Bro
adw
ay, N
ew Y
ork,
100
12, U
SA
EIN
: 47-
2301
085
Find
out
mor
e: w
eare
lum
os.o
rg |
Twitt
er: @
lum
os
Face
book
: /lu
mos
.at.w
ork
| You
Tube
: /lu
mos
char
ity
Inst
agra
m: @
wea
relu
mos
(3700U20-1A)
6
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Text D is taken from an internet blog by Ossob Mohamud.
I recently came across an interesting article questioning ‘voluntourism’ and whether it does more harm than good. It reminded me of my own concerns with ‘voluntourism’ as an alternative to what most college students did on their vacations: spending idle time by the poolside. The university-organised trips sent students to spend a week volunteering in disadvantaged and poverty-stricken communities. This could take the form of teaching English at the local school, assisting in building new homes for residents, or environmental clean-ups. Spread throughout the week were also tourist trips and souvenir shopping. Although it had rewarding moments, I could never shake off the feeling that it was all a bit too self-congratulatory.
Voluntourism almost always involves a group of idealistic and privileged travellers who have vastly different backgrounds from those they are meant to help. They often enter these communities with little or no understanding of the local history, culture, and way of life. They presume that the community is poor and should be grateful for their help. This has led to volunteers behaving in a smug and patronising way. It raises the uncomfortable question of whether these trips are more for the self-satisfaction of the volunteer than the helping of poor communities.
As a volunteer, I couldn’t help feeling ashamed at the excessive praise and thanks we received. I cringed as we took photos with African children whose names we didn’t know. We couldn’t even take full credit for building the houses because most of the work had already been done by community members. In fact, if anything we slowed down the process with our inexperience and clumsiness. And how many schools in richer countries would allow amateur college students to teach their English classes? What had I really done besides inflate my own ego and spruce up my CV? I had stormed into the lives of people I knew nothing about, I barely engaged with them on a genuine level, and worst of all, I then claimed that I had done something of great value for them all in a matter of five days (most of which was spent in hotels, restaurants and airports).
Beware the ‘voluntourists’ doing goodThe volunteer travel industry is thriving but there are better ways to combat poverty than using the developing world as a playground
(3700U20-1A)
7
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
Text E is adapted from an article in a national newspaper which was written in response to Text D.
In defence of ‘voluntourists’ by Sam Blackledge
Ignore the cynics, charity schemes do great work and can benefit both the volunteers and the communities they serve
The debate about ‘voluntourism’ – that ugly word – has reared its head again. Every so often the spotlight is turned on students from richer countries who use their free time to help those less fortunate in developing countries, and much head-scratching and soul-searching follows.
Recently Somalian blogger Ossob Mohamud wrote an article with the headline Beware the ‘voluntourists’ doing good. Mohamud clearly had a difficult volunteering experience but her insistence on drawing a wider social message from her own unsatisfactory trip is unfair and potentially damaging.
Last summer I visited Uganda to report on the work of East African Playgrounds. The charity recruits British students to build play facilities and run sporting projects for primary school children. In just a few years it has grown to be self-sufficient, employing a team of young Ugandans as builders, to the point where the charity’s British founders will soon be able to step back and let it run itself.
I witnessed the volunteers forming genuine friendships with the locals, developing emotional attachments to the children and truly caring about their futures. Cynics might say that when the volunteers return to Britain they leave the experience behind and life moves on. But for many, volunteering can be life changing.
East African Playgrounds founder Tom Gill admits frustration that many quick-fix ‘gap year’ companies are “built to make the most profit and reduce costs wherever they can” without investing in communities. But, he says, many charities are working hard to counter this.
“Charity is a chance for those who have more than enough to help those who don’t have enough,” he says. “If privileged people stopped volunteering and making donations then what would happen to the work of thousands of charities worldwide? No approach is without its flaws, but it is vital that people do not confuse genuine charities with the companies who are putting very little into the developing world.”
Undergraduates face a stark choice about how to spend their time before entering employment, particularly now that money is tight and jobs are scarce. Charities that invest in the developing world need keen, energetic, ambitious people to help them along. ‘Voluntourists’ they may be – but their work can have a huge impact on their own lives and the lives of those they help. It would be an awful shame if they were put off.