gcse pe revision - brune park community school pe revision explain these terms… ... key term...

GCSE PE REVISION

YEAR 11

GCSE PE REVISION

Benefits of exercise can be………….

1. SOCIAL

2. MENTAL

3. PHYSICAL

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ppVNv9VtEvAttM&tbnid=pq6lSAYj7KDoZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.leicestertigers.com/news/8408.php&ei=WoiLUaCWNqal0AW6-4GwDQ&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEIDp0DbkfKX-X5VPZbl7pajsOpTg&ust=1368185291204707

GCSE PE REVISION

EXPLAIN THESE TERMS…

PHYSICAL CHALLENGE

ASTHETIC APPRECIATION

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=xseLQUYORh5MlM&tbnid=ih-Wz3u-64ON7M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.morethanthegames.co.uk/gymnastics/156689-daniel-keatings-strikes-historic-silver-world-gymnastics&ei=joqLUdXsC4Pw0gWK5YHoDQ&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEeTHm8S13Qnfe_rJhh9LH-PvChrA&ust=1368185854950891

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QhRgXCCCzQjOwM&tbnid=oVY7zzI0dvLfXM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://smithschallenge2012.wordpress.com/2012/04/25/challenge-3-the-national-3-peaks-challenge/&ei=3YqLUarpDIqs0QXxzICgDA&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHeIT4hexV9EGmmQhRV0rQM210dvQ&ust=1368185936787770

GCSE PE REVISION

• INFLUENCES ON A PERSONS INVOLVEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE….

1. Cultural 2. Health and Well-being 3. Image 4. People 5. Socio-economic 6. Resources

GCSE PE REVISION ROLES IN SPORT

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QGvl-q84ZHlv0M&tbnid=odgUcOJl7Eq6hM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-2277527/Howard-Webbs-plane-heavy-fly-snow.html&ei=n4uLUcOiL6Kg0QWG44CwDA&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNHDEmVl7QL-Ehs7RoDRWQhMi9ihig&ust=1368186116299261

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=eXEnv6WwCqzw0M&tbnid=OkgJ7JwKF7m5FM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/formulaone/article-2130192/F1-real-winner-BBC-Sky-competition-Mark-Webster.html&ei=9ouLUePoD6Gn0QWt-YDYDA&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNFbnStv-SnUS6D7bmv7nObvKla_5A&ust=1368186193588985

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=i2uLHtbq5mkx9M&tbnid=7Lq3SaC5-y0BZM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/newcastle-united/10023952/Newcastle-United-manager-Alan-Pardew-will-make-club-stronger-next-season-if-they-retain-Premier-League-status.html&ei=C42LUYuTH8jF0QXM3oDgCw&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNF2Bw6OSiUmT27EWz7gOngIe13ptw&ust=1368186361613486

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=96xOpdOjzDWnnM&tbnid=9ZKLnW4Jmk2LSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/aug/04/jessica-ennis-olympic-heptathlon-gold&ei=1I2LUeTCIJSa1AWp14CQDA&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNH9iobK2m1VayT743VG1RKTZ5R-OA&ust=1368186699241257

GCSE PE REVISION

SPORTS PARTICIPATION PYRAMID

Elite/

Excellence

Performance

Participation

Foundation

GCSE PE REVISION

SPORTING INITIATIVES

TOP LINK START-STAY-SUCCEED

SPORTS EQUIPMENT

GCSE PE REVISION

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

The ability to meet the demands of the environment

Planned, structured and repeated body movements done to improve one or more components of physical fitness

FITNESS

HEALTH

EXERCISE

GCSE PE REVISION

QUESTION TIME

If you are physically fit does this mean that you are healthy? Explain your answer

Winner Of Tour De France & Then 8 Days

Later Wins Gold @ London 2012

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=vM1dK9nJtTCMHM&tbnid=8p4Hy4F_R5cyvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-2177681/Bradley-Wiggins-Should-British-Tour-France-2012-winner-awarded-knighthood.html&ei=G4-LUdayGuOm0AXQrYHwDQ&bvm=bv.46226182,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNH58Bj24QctGwGpGe2KraURSkae6Q&ust=1368187007565913

GCSE PE REVISION

HEALTH RELATED

Cardiovascular fitness

Muscular Strength

Muscular Endurance

Flexibility

Body Composition

SKILL RELATED

Power

Coordination

Reaction time

Agility

Balance

Speed

Principles of Training

SPECIFICITY

PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD

REST AND RECOVERY

INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

FITT

Threshold

• * Increasing the amount of physical work you do in order to increase your fitness

• * Similar to progressive overload, however it gives a clear guideline for safe working levels (provided the individual is healthy)

• * Suggested that the average performer should train between 60 and 80 per cent of their maximum heart rate

• How do we work out maximum heart rate?

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

0-10 minutes 10-20 minutes 20-30 minutes 30-40 minutes

GCSE PE REVISION GOAL SETTING:

• SPECIFIC

• MEASURABLE

• ACHEIVABLE

• REALISTIC

• TIMEBOUND

GCSE PE REVISION

Methods of training

CIRCUIT

WEIGHT TRAINING CONTINUOUS

FARTLEK

INTERVAL

CROSS TRAINING

GCSE PE REVISION

AEROBIC VS ANAEROBIC

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=WUyF7Vv6JeyjtM&tbnid=f36FV4vrMGdApM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.zimbio.com/photos/Usain+Bolt/Usain+Bolt+Jamaica+seen+winning+gold+medal/9eMa3H7Pjfw&ei=X5GLUef8OqmW0QX5joDYDw&psig=AFQjCNHyZT4Lo14EjjT0z7lel7YZT0cWwQ&ust=1368187458465720

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=uaL-ygQGZPQmmM&tbnid=8EToQbrjSTfq0M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/olympics/article-2187068/Mo-Farah-wins-gold-5000m-London-2012-Olympics.html&ei=rpGLUdOmDsiI0AWJwICADQ&psig=AFQjCNG0ObNQPA9_IiSzYL4LlQa9HWvotg&ust=1368187685601082

Components of a Healthy Diet TASK: unscramble the words below:

1. CSAERTBOHDRAY

2.EIPRONT

3.TAF

4. MIVITNSA

5. MINRAELS

6. TEWRA

7. BFIER

Components of a Healthy Diet The answers….

1. CARBOHYDRATES

2.PROTEIN

3.FAT

4. VITAMINS

5. MINERALS

6. WATER

7. FIBRE

GCSE PE REVISION

MACRO NUTRIETS

• Needed in large amounts in your diet

• CHO, fat, protein

MICRO NUTRIENTS

• Needed in small amounts

• Vitamins and minerals

TIMING OF DIETARY INTAKE

VASCULAR SHUNT MECHANISM

• When you exercise blood is needed at the muscles

• The vascular shunt mechanism is where the blood vessels contract at places where the blood is not needed so readily to force the blood ( shunt it) to places it is needed like your muscles during exercise and your digestive system when you have just eaten

• You get a stitch as a result of not leaving enough time

between eating and doing physical activity as not enough

blood goes to the digestive system as it is needed more

readily at the muscles

SOMATOTYPES

ECTOMORPH

• Tall

• Thin

• Narrow shoulders and hips

• Example athletes: high jumpers, long distance runners

MESOMORPH

• Muscular physique

• Wide shoulders, narrow hips

• Example athletes: Sprinters, swimming, rowing

ENDOMORPH

Short Dumpy Narrow shoulders,

wide hips Example athlete:

sumo wrestlers

GCSE PE REVISION WEIGHT TERMS:

OVERFAT

OPTIMUM WEIGHT

• The ideal weight for different types of athletes will depend on the demands of their sport.

Why will the below 2 athletes need to differ in weight?

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=london+marathon+2013&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=YEbDbSHXw6hAVM&tbnid=2PHb6cnpztgFKM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/othersports/article-2312458/LONDON-MARATHON-2013-Tsegaye-Kebede-wins-mens-race-glorious-scenes-contrast-Boston-horror.html&ei=GMKMUd7XB8rR0QXesYD4Aw&psig=AFQjCNFRl2TkW9uYd3BbTMQDVznQjbEhlQ&ust=1368265570876567

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=sumo+wrestler&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=MFWKYpeE7NHAYM&tbnid=d8hqjozcwyxTtM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://outsiderjapan.pbworks.com/w/page/9758524/Sumo Wrestling &ei=ZsKMUYakB4rP0AWJn4G4Cw&psig=AFQjCNHiuYKDSXxOoY6_ppUsAAALXHSx2w&ust=1368265646948207

GCSE PE REVISION

DRUGS

TYPE OF DRUG EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE SIDE EFFECT

ANABOLIC STEROIDS Increase muscle mass Increases blood pressure

BETA BLOCKERS Lower heart rate-calming effect Lowers heart rate to dangerous levels

STIMULANTS Increases alertness Insomnia, high blood pressure

DIURETICS Increase rate of urination- lose weight faster. Masking agent

Dehydration

EPO (PEPTIDE HORMONES) Increase no of red blood cells- increases body capacity to carry

oxygen

Increased risk of blood clots

NARCOTIC ANALGESICS Reduce the feeling of pain Make injuries worse

RECREATIONAL DRUGS

Variety of effects: Alcohol can calm and nicotine can increase alertness as can

caffeine

Increased risk of cancer. Alcohol and caffeine can

cause dehydration

SPRAIN

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=sprain&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=BDKWfK37ZEBa9M&tbnid=xDW0XpC-HSj8_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-ankle-sprain.htm&ei=usKMUaLjMuSv0QWlgYH4CA&psig=AFQjCNFvtgIRzPKuOx6NyC-qSDdqjYduvg&ust=1368265771341068

STRAIN

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=strain&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=vhGNftC9KKnKeM&tbnid=2RGPK0H0TQhbxM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.summitmedicalgroup.com/library/adult_health/sma_calf_strain_tear/&ei=rMOMUYzvC6LU0QWx04CQCg&psig=AFQjCNEe-wCKEJcnJcv6TUKIiyvE_cVrog&ust=1368265911011046

DISLOCATION

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=DISLOCATION&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=QQuQv2dhGumtPM&tbnid=IqYnN7w8d-bPSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.coreperformance.com/knowledge/injury-pain/how-to-treat-a-dislocated-finger.html&ei=68OMUf-ZCMmU0QXo04D4CA&psig=AFQjCNHF93ZF4_SwaSGbBBhYwrSzEnPR8g&ust=1368266068503862

CONCUSSION

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=concussion&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Za938aOq4ENQtM&tbnid=8-MHEgI7aHafvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/4368783/Sports-stars-suffer-effects-of-concussion-years-later.html&ei=E8SMUdvJD8PG0QWC-oH4Cg&psig=AFQjCNHiIJNYt1xcFBNAXTlEvl5UYYobIw&ust=1368266124201590

TENNIS ELBOW

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=tennis+elbow&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=zC2YRGQuX0BuBM&tbnid=7RJUIob9SCB27M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.3pointproducts.com/tennis-elbow/&ei=esSMUbqZFpD30gWtzIDwCg&psig=AFQjCNGs7-kQ9i7AWPv7LowLmxZeQ6FJkw&ust=1368266152162815

STRESS FRACTURE

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=brownlee+running&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=oKTo-b11q05fZM&tbnid=aH0wBx6Ff8c4OM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.zimbio.com/pictures/TnnBsFgylVP/Olympics+Day+11+Triathlon/Md9RDlbHHQT/Alistair+Brownlee&ei=6sSMUffSOO-Z0AX-zoGoCQ&psig=AFQjCNFm9XWhD0IJXfXOH8Us8dH4RCKdYg&ust=1368266344345892

SIMPLE FRACTURE

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=simple+fracture&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=J9KvJlvUJtj0-M&tbnid=ZXUSxO-GaNnx7M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/cast_treatment_of_tibial_fractures&ei=BMWMUaicFqms0QWWjYCIAw&psig=AFQjCNHd1CEmFxglp-tKb_Qi9k5Y9tzlqg&ust=1368266370352130

COMPOUND FRACTURE

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=COMPOUND+FRACTURE&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=S58RspFWKXDjCM&tbnid=TCBo0Rsx1l3onM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://runescape.salmoneus.net/forums/topic/203397-eduardo-da-silva-double-compound-fracture/&ei=ZMWMUaGeD4v20gXNu4HYBA&psig=AFQjCNE68dFFF7MlUeaTA-1QxA5fSCKnDw&ust=1368266435031908

GCSE PE REVISION

PREVENTING INJURIES

GCSE PE REVISION CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Key terms:

KEY TERM EXPLANATION Heart Rate Number of times the heart beats per

minute

Stroke Volume The amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat

Cardiac Output The amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute

Blood pressure Force exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls

Cholesterol Fatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which comes in 2 forms

(HDL/LDL)


IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

LONG TERM EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTS

Increased working heart rate

Cardiac Hypertrophy Healthier arteries and veins

Increased blood pressure

Lower resting heart rate Reduced chance of CHD

Increased stroke volume Quicker recovery rate Increases HDL and lowers LDL

Increased cardiac output

Lower blood pressure at rest

Lower blood pressure= lower chance of angina,

strokes etc

Vascular shunting of blood to working

muscles


SMOKING

• Increases Heart rate

• Reduces the amount of HDL In the blood

• Increases the tendency for the blood to clot

ALCOHOL

• Chronic alcohol can cause hypertension

• Damage the heart tissue

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=Smoking&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=_aUgVjflHlr1TM&tbnid=x9oMWavxGoZ79M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.itv.com/news/story/2012-10-27/ex-smokers-can-gain-extra-decade/&ei=J8aMUfKSJc-Y0AWxqIDwDw&psig=AFQjCNFUF6DIQe7rL_BiYybqg-UYyoXbSg&ust=1368266644377884

GCSE PE REVISION RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Key terms:

KEY TERM EXPLANATION ALVEOLI Air sacs where gaseous exchange take

place

TIDAL VOLUME The amount of air expired and inhaled with each normal breath

VITAL CAPACITY The amount of air that can pass in and out of the lungs through maximum

inhalation and exhalation

OXYGEN DEBT The extra oxygen consumed during recovery compared to that consumed at

rest


IMMEDIATE EFFECTS

LONG TERM EFFECTS

HEALTH EFFECTS

Increased Breathing rate Improved efficiency of the lungs

Increased depth of breathing

More alveoli become available for gaseous

exchange

Oxygen debt created if working anerobically


SMOKING

• Damages the alveoli

• Cause lung cancer due to build up of tar

GCSE PE REVISION Muscular system

TRAPEZIUS

TRICEPS

LATISSIUMUS DORSI

HAMSTRINGS

GASTROCNEMIUS

DELTOIDS

PECTORALS

BICEPS

ABDOMINALS

QUADRICEPS GLUTEALS

GCSE PE REVISION Muscular System

JOINT MOVEMENTS:

MOVEMENT EXPLANATION

FLEXION Angle at the joint is getting smaller

EXTENSION Angle at the joint is getting bigger

ABDUCTION Movement away from the body

ADDUCTION Movement towards the body

ROTATION Movement around the joint

PLANTAR FLEXION Pointing toes downwards

DORSI FLEXION Toes pointing upwards

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM

FLEXION AT THE ELBOW

BICEPS:


EXTENSION AT THE ELBOW

TRICEPS:


ABDUCTION AT THE

SHOULDER

DELTOIDS:


ADDUCTION AT THE

SHOULDER

LATISSIMUS DORSI:


ADDUCTION AND ROTATION

AT THE SHOULDER

PECTORALS:


ROTATION OF THE SCAPULAR

TRAPEZIUS:


FLEXION OF THE TRUNK

ABDOMINALS:


EXTENSION AT THE HIP

GLUTEALS:


EXTENSION AT THE KNEE

QUADRICEPS:


FLEXION AT THE KNEE

HAMSTRINGS:


PLANTAR FEXION

GASTROCNEMIUS:


How muscles work: Muscles work in pairs. One muscle contracts (AGONIST) While the other

relaxes (antagonist) Together they are known as an ANTAGONISTIC PAIR

AGONIST ANTAGONIST

BICEP

QUADRICEP

PECTORALS

DELTOIDS


TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS:

ISOMETRIC

ISOTONIC

IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM EFFECTS ON

THE MUSCLULAR SYSTEM

IMMEDIATE/SHORT TERM EFFECTS

LONG TERM EFFECTS

LACTIC ACID MAY BUILD UP IF WORKING ANEROBICALLY

INCREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE- HYPERTROPHY

INCREASE IN FUEL DEMAND- GLYGOGEN

INCREASE IN MUSCULAR STRENGTH/ENDURANCE

FATIGUE INCREASE IN POWER

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON

Movement

Provides muscles an

attachment to allow

movement.

Shape

Gives shape to the body

and makes you tall or

short.

Protection Some bones protect

internal organs.

Blood Production Red blood cells (to carry O2) and white blood cells (to protect

against infection) are produced in the bone marrow of some

bones.

Support holds your vital organs

in place. The vertebral

column holds the body

upright.

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=skeleton&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=pi0-0MwepGjxiM&tbnid=RgyZvezX3MbuoM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://languagemoments.wordpress.com/2012/01/11/phil-wades-course-skeleton/&ei=ctmMUa2fGK7y0gXW-oCgBg&psig=AFQjCNHNh14RWIujuJxCONFpJKokyiQLdw&ust=1368271595282410

SKELETAL SYSTEM

TYPES OF JOINTS: BALL AND SOCKET

•ALLOW THE BONE TO MOVE ROUND A 360 DEGREE ANGLE

•ALLOWS FLEXION, EXTENNSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION AND

ROTATION

•EXAMPLES= SHOULDER JOINT AND HIP JOINT

SKELETAL SYSTEM

TYPES OF JOINTS: HINGE

•ALLOW MOVEMENT BACKWARD AND FORWARD

• (FLEXION AND EXTENSION)

•EXAMPLES= KNEE JOINT, ELBOW JOINT, FINGERS

SKELETAL SYSTEM

LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

1.Increased bone density

2.Stronger ligaments and tendons

MOST BENEFICIAL TYPE OF EXERCISE= WEIGHT BEARING

SKELETAL SYSTEM

OSTEOPOROSIS

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=OSTEOPOROSIS&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=XbDmj7Jsh9iPiM&tbnid=mubATISEqmF1TM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.livtherapy.eu/education/osteoporosis.html&ei=I9yMUeejKYaY0AXp24CQCg&psig=AFQjCNHkafIp3b9lPfId0wDK8IsyR7nTGQ&ust=1368272276397382

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=OSTEOPOROSIS+spine&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=vOsx6pHoQKZdTM&tbnid=p2_ONihgrVntYM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.womenshealth.gov/publications/our-publications/fact-sheet/osteoporosis.cfm&ei=s9yMUc_sH-z30gXj-IDgAg&psig=AFQjCNG-0kgq7JW6oUglGbV6HeWG6CMq2A&ust=1368272429596511

SKELETAL SYSTEM

HELPING PREVENT OSTEOPOROSIS

EXAM TIPS

• READ THE QUESTION AT LEAST TWICE AND UNDERLINE THE KEY PARTS OF THE QUESTION

• DO NOT ABREVIATE- IE QUADS • FOR THE 6 MARK QUESTIONS WRITE A PLAN AND THINK ABOUT

STRUCTURE IE START WITH AN INTRO IF POSSIBLE. REMEMBER SPELLING AND GRAMMAR COUNT

• DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANKS! • CHECK HOW MANY MARKS THE QUESTION IS WORTH.THIS WILL

HELP YOU TO KNOW HOW MANY DIFFERENT POINTS ARE NEEDED. • LOOK FOR THE BUZZ WORD IE INFLUENCES/ROLES/BENEFITS,JOINT

ACTION

gcse pe revision - brune park community school pe revision explain these terms… ... key term...

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