gcse compuitng hardware key terms
TRANSCRIPT
Learning ObjectivesREV
ISION
2.1.2 Hardware
Central Processing Unit.
It is used to control all of
the actions of the
computer. It is like the
brain of the computer.
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
Fetch Decode Execute
The CPU will FETCH instructions from memory,
DECODE them and EXECUTE them. This is done millions of times a
second.
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
How fast the CPU
performs the FDE
cycle. This is
measured in MHz
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2.1.2 Hardware
How many cores the
CPU has. The more
cores, the more
instructions can be
executed.
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2.1.2 Hardware
The size of the cache
on the CPU. The
higher it is the faster
the CPU.
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2.1.2 Hardware
The different inputs and
outputs for the logic gates.
NOT
IN OUT
1 0
1 1
AND
IN 1 IN 2 OUT
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
OR
IN 1 IN 2 OUT
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
Random Access Memory
Volatile memory. Stores
the data in use, software
in use and parts of the
O/S in use.
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
Read only memory.
Non-volatile. Stores
the boot-up program of
the computer.
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
A portion of the
memory borrowed from
the hard drive when
the RAM is full.
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2.1.2 Hardware
Volatile memory
located on the CPU.
Very small but fast to
access.
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2.1.2 Hardware
A device that allows a
user to send information
to a computer.
Keyboard, microphone,
mouse
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2.1.2 Hardware
A device that will present the use with the result of
a process from the computer.
Speakers, monitor, printer
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2.1.2 Hardware
Files are stored
permanently. The
device does not
communicate directly
with CPU.
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2.1.2 Hardware
• Data burned into film by
lasers
• Small capacity
• Very cheap to produce
• Examples – CD, DVD
Learning ObjectivesREV
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2.1.2 Hardware
• Data stored by magnets on a magnetic disk
• Very high capacity
• Bad portability but very durable.
• Examples – hard drive, backup tapes