Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Being British

To be British you have to be Patriotic and proud of your country. If you were born here, but moved to a different country, you still can be British.

Cultural Traditions:

Cultural Traditions include more than having afternoon tea or wearing bowler hats. Royal Traditions include: Trooping the colour, The Queen’s speech and Royal Ascot. There are festival occasions such as: dancing around a maypole on May Day or setting Guy Fawkes alight on Bonfire night.

British and the UK

Britain= England, Scotland and Wales

UK= Britain and Northern Ireland

City/Town/Area AccentBirmingham BrummieLondon CockneyWales WelshLiverpool ScouseManchester Manchurian

Personal Freedom: Being free to make your

own decisions, careers and choices.

The right to speak your mind BUT being careful to not offend others while doing so.

Value Systems

Equal Opportunity: Everyone has equal chances Getting a job should depend

on the quality of that certain skill NOT race or culture.

Equal rights for women

Representative Democracy: The right to have a say in

how Britain is run! People elect MPs who

represent their constituents

British Law: Laws are created to make

life fair Everyone has to follow the

set of rules Illegal acts won’t be

tolerated To protect our rights.

3.2.1 -Identities and Communities

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Key Religions

Christianity

Islam

Sikhism

Hinduism

Judaism

Buddhism

Key Ethnics/Races

White Black Asian Oriental

Britain is a Multicultural country

For centuries immigration has bought many different people to the UK. This is why the UK is very diverse today and multi-cultural.

The History

The Celts were the first to live in Britain.

Then the Romans came.

They brought over Black Africans.

The Normans then invaded in 1066.

A Jewish community then settled.

Gypsies then arrived in the 16th Century.

Protestants then settled.

The Russians and Nazis came over.

The Chinese, Americans, French & Polish

Immigration from India increased.

Black and Asian Troops

Seafarers from India and China came over.

Cypriot, Turkish and Eastern Europeans came

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Immigration

Immigration means entering or leaving legally or illegally.

There are many reasons on why some people leave such as:

War Poverty Lack of educational prospects Lack of employment prospects Persecution Lack of Human Rights

The reasons they come to the Britain are:

Financial Security Escape war Better lifestyle More educational Opportunities

Community Cohesion

This is when the whole of the society work together for a cause to encourage respect and a better understanding of one another.

Promoting Community Cohesion:

Language classes- For people who don’t speak English Community Projects School’s teaching student about different cultures Passing the ‘Life in the UK’- To help foreigners understand British Cultures and Traditions

What are Human Rights? – The rights you have as a human.

1. Nationality2. Marriage and Family3. Ownership4. Freedom of thoughts5. Freedom of expression6. Public Assembly 7. Democracy8. Social Security 9. Workers Rights10. To play 11. Food and shelter for all12. Education13. Copyright14. Fair and free world

The 30 Human rights:

1. Born free and equal2. Don’t Discriminate3. Live free4. No slavery5. No torture6. Universal7. Equal before the law8. Protected by the law9. No unfair detainment 10. To have a trial11. Innocent till proven guilty 12. Privacy13. To move14. Asylum15. Nationality

16. Marriage and Family17. Ownership18. Freedom of thoughts19. Freedom of expression20. Public Assembly 21. Democracy22. Social Security 23. Workers Rights24. To play 25. Food and shelter for all26. Education27. Copyright28. Fair and free world29. To know 30. No one can take away your rights

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Regional Variations

-Regional Variation How different aspects are different to the rest of the regions and areas such as:

Accents The way you dress What you eat Hobbies

Census

A census is a procedure done every 10 years that records important information about the member’s o f the public. Important information such as: Full name, current address, wages etc is recorded by the government.

Glossary:

Creed: A Religion

Identity: The Characteristics that make you who you are

Ethnicity: Involved in a particular racial or cultural groups

Prejudice: Unreasonable and unfair dislike for a particular type of person or thing

Stereotype: A fixed or set characteristics to represent a person

Religion: The belief in a god or gods and all the activities

Community: Groups living in within a society

Discrimination: To recognise and understand someone’s differences

Multi-culturalism: Different ethnic background coming together

Interdependence: Working together and alongside each other

Immigration: Coming in to a country or different area

Diversity: Having different forms

National: Related to the entire nation or country

Regional: Related to a particular region or a country

The 30 Human rights:

1. Born free and equal2. Don’t Discriminate3. Live free4. No slavery5. No torture6. Universal7. Equal before the law8. Protected by the law9. No unfair detainment 10. To have a trial11. Innocent till proven guilty 12. Privacy13. To move14. Asylum15. Nationality

16. Marriage and Family17. Ownership18. Freedom of thoughts19. Freedom of expression20. Public Assembly 21. Democracy22. Social Security 23. Workers Rights24. To play 25. Food and shelter for all26. Education27. Copyright28. Fair and free world29. To know 30. No one can take away your rights

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

The Law

“Law is a formal method of controlling people and society through rules set down and then enforced through courts and the legal system”

Laws are there for people’s health and safety- E.g. The ban of smoking in public places to protect the health of non smokers from harmful chemicals.

Making Laws

Civil and Criminal Law

Civil Law Criminal Law Solve disputes between

individuals/businesses/organisations. Maintain Law & Order and to protect the

citizens. Includes: Family law, Contract law and

ASBOs. Started up by the Police by the Crown

Prosecution Service (CPS). The person/organisation is the wrong

must pay compensation to the other party.

Criminal cases include: theft, murder and drink driving.

Punishment could vary e.g. Chop down a tree that is blocking a neighbour’s light.

Always in a punishment; fines, probations, curfew, prison...

The decision is a civil case if made by judge/judges not a jury!

3.2.2.-Fairness and Justice in decision-making and the Law

The Government draws up a bill;

Politicians talk to experts about their idea. Several Drafts are made

(GreenWhite Paper)

The First Reading;

Title of the Bill is read out in HOC and the date for the second

reading is set.

The Second Reading;

Debates are set out and a vote is taken. If the bill is voted against, it

does not go through to the next stage.

Committee Stage;

Each detail of the bill is scrutinised and voted on.

Report Stage and Third Reading;

The committee reports on any changed and the bill is read out

again. The vote takes place.

The whole process is re done in the House of Lords;

Lords can make changes but HOC have to agree. (delay up to a year)

Back To the House of Commons;

The House of Commons can use the Parliament to override the

House of Lords.

The Royal Asset;

The Queen singes of the bill. Now and Act of Parliament!

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Antisocial Behaviour Orders

They are orders that prevent people from doing different things e.g. being noisy, begging, spitting or harassing someone.

An ASBO is a civil order though if you break one = 5 YEARS IN PRISON!

Legal Support

Punishment and the Youth Justice

Youth Justice System deals with crime.

Different types of punishments for Law- Breakers...

Fines Speeding Community Sentences Curfew Restorative Justice Offender and victim communicating Prison From weeks to life

The Police and the CPS

o Main Law enforcers in Britaino Many types of police officers; from patrol officers to police detectiveso The CPS decide whether the case should be taken into court

Protecting Human Rights

Human Rights are enforceable by the European Law 1948 UN published Universal Declaration of Human Rights (means nothing in the

court of law) 1953 EU passed European Convention of Human Rights (enforced by the law)

Democracy

The Citizens’ Advice Bureau (CAB)

- Provide free legal support

- From money to relationship

Solicitors- Provide

legal support and represent you in court

- Not free as it is

Humanitarian Law

Protects rights in conflict Rules that regulate how wars are

fought in order to limit suffering and destruction

Humanitarian Law-Aim to protect human rights of civilians such as:

needless suffering weapons-NO Attacks direct to Enemy No enemy to be hurt

3.2.3.-Democracy and Voting

Democracy only exists if you have

Rights and Freedoms!

Ruled by the People for the

People!

The UK is a representative

democracy- Elections take

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

History

Dictatorship

“A system of Government in which a country is ruled by a single person with absolute power”

Democratic Country

Choice of political parties E.g. UK, France, USA Elections held regularly Can be a Republic Constitutional Monarchy

(limited powers)

● ● ●

End of 17th Century- Parliament took control from Monarchy

19th Century- Series of reform Acts; more men can vote

1918- The Representation of the people Act; men over 21 and women over 30 can vote

1928- The voting age lowered to 21 (Equality)

● ● ●

Non Democratic Country

One political party No Vote Media Controlled A lot of Power Opposition is suppressed

Adolf Hitler, Saddam Hussein and Colonel Gaddafi – All were voted in but became very harsh dictators.

LEFT

SOCIALSIT

CENTRE RIGHT

FACIST

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Political Parties

Voting Conservatives Happens in Polling Stations Ballot box Ballot Paper First Past the Post Candidate with the most votes becomes MP; the party with the most

votes become Government; leader of winning party becomes Prime Minister!

Influencing Decision Making

Pressure Groups- Interest Groups-

Media

Free Press

Positive- Freedom of Speech

Negative- Bias/ create conflict/ violating someone’s right to privacy

Censorship

Positive- Protecting the Government/ creating a stronger country

Negative- You cannot voice your full opinion

European Union

Group of people who try to influence decision makers as they are concerned about a particular issue

Group of people who try to influence decision makers as they are concerned about a particular issue

Types of Media

Ways in which

media is used

Radio Books

Poverty

Broadcasting

Drug Abuse

Social NetworkingTV

Terrorism

Crime

Religion

Magazine

Newspaper

Fashion

3.2.4.-United Kingdom and the rest of the world

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Has 27 members (countries) UK joined before 2004 Work together as alliances Obey the EU Laws and contribute to the EU Budget Keep peace in Europe

European Commission Appointed by the Government of other countries

European Parliament 736 members; elected by the EU citizens

Council of the EU 1 minister/ Government of each member country

The Commonwealth

The United Nations

Resolve conflicts and protect victims

General Assembly = Annual Meeting International Criminal Court set up in 2002 Humanitarian laws; war and genocide Security Council Peace and security (15 members) Kyoto Protocol Agreement on Pollute less (1997)

What the UK has done? Switching from coal to oil power stations More recycling Better nylon manufacture

Glossary

Civil law- The part of the common law that sorts out disagreements between people when the state is not directly involved.

Not everyone agrees

Seen sometimes as undemocratic

Too diverse for the EU to be effective

UK giving too much independence

54 members British monarch Meet every 2 years Commonwealth games

Sadiya Attiq GCSE Citizenship Revision Guide For 3.2.1/3.2.2/3.2.3/3.2.4

Commonwealth of Nations- Organisation originating British colonies which work together towards common social and political aims.

Consumer rights – The rights of someone who buys something or pays for a service. Crown courts- Courts that deal with serious criminal cases- (verdict decided by jury) Crown Prosecution Service- A separate body from the police. They decide if someone should

be taken into court. Democracy- A system where the country is ruled by the people for the people. Dictatorship- A system of Government in which a country is ruled by a single person with

absolute power. European commission- The EU institution which rights economic/environmental/social and

foreign policy. European Convention on HR- An international agreement which sets out the human rights

which apply to everyone. European Parliament- the Elected group which controls EU. European Union- An economic and political alliance of member states. First Past the Post- The voting system for general elections in the UK. The candidate with the

most votes wins. Humanitarian laws- Rules of what the country is allowed to do in a war (unnecessary

suffering or damage is prevented). Interdependence- Where one action/factor is affected by the actions of another (vice versa). International Criminal Court- A court set up by UN to deal with war cranial and accused of

genocide. Kyoto Protocol- An agreement signed in 1997. It aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Magistrates’ court- Local courts which hear most criminal cases. Media- Ways of communicating with the public using technologies of print, video and sound. Non-statutory bodies- Organisation not set up by the government and with no legal powers

such as Citizens’ Advice Bureau. Parliament- The body which makes the laws in the UK. It consists of the HOL, HOC and the

Monarchy. Press Complaints Commission- Manages the voluntary code of conduct which governs the

newspapers and magazines. Referendum- When an important question is put out to a direct vote of people Representative democracy- The system of government where people elect representatives

to run different factors. Sustainable development- Improving qualities of life in a way that can continue in the future. United Nations- An organisation which aims to find peaceful solutions to conflicts and

promote global cooperation and human rights. Universal Declaration of Human Rights- The document which lays down the basic human

rights which everyone has.