gb solsstruc219 vxp4 - terre-armée · 2019. 12. 11. · realizations 309 jet grouting columns on a...

PANORAMA FIRST SEGMENTS LIFTEDAT SUNGAI PRAI P. 2

FOCUS ALAIN MARTINEZ-FORTUN:THE ADDED VALUE OF PREVENTION - SAFETY P.

4

REALIZATIONS 309 JET GROUTINGCOLUMNS ON A MOUNTAIN SIDE P. 10

TRANSVERSE FREYSSIBAR, A NEW PRESTRESSING BAR P. 18

REPAIR A business with hightechnical added value

REPAIR A business with hightechnical added value

N°

219

Janu

ary

- Apr

il 2004

THE FREYSSINET GROUP MAGAZINE&StructuresSoils

P A N O R A M A

Retaining wallsin EthiopiaWork on consolidation of the road crossingthe plains of Ahmar Mountain startedin Ethiopia in February. Reinforced EarthSouth Africa (Resa) is participating onthis site particularly with the constructionof four 6 m high TerraTrel walls designedto stabilize a part of the road surfacedamaged by rock falls.

A well-suspendedroofA new ice rink has just been builton the former Olympic site in the Krylatskoye district in Moscow,Russia. The roof of the structurecovers 30,000 m2 and it is supported by 19 stay cablessupplied and installed byFreyssinet.

Since July 2003, Freyssinet Polska has been working on the construc-tion of Plock Bridge, that is a new 1,200 m long cable-stayed bridge car-rying a dual carriageway road over the Vistula in the centre of Poland.After lifting the end spans, the contractor will supply and install the bea-rings and the 56 stay cables (560 t of steel) for the main bridge. End ofconstruction planned at the end of 2004.

Sungai Prai: first segments liftedFreyssinet has been working on Sungai PraiBridge in Malaysia and began heavy liftingoperations. In January, the first two segments(200 t each) out of the total numberof 1,400 to be used in the structure,were placed at the top of the 40 m high pier.This operation took 24 hours and made useof four jacks.

Rehabilitation in the airThe Roissy – Charles deGaulle (France) water tower,attacked by pollutantsrelated to the nearby airportactivity, has beenrehabilitated. Freyssinet’steam spent five monthsapplying a corrosioninhibiter working from a platform 45 m above the ground, and treatingreinforcing steel in the 20.5 m radius dish.

56 the Vistulastay cables over

A new ice rink has just been builton the former Olympic site in the Krylatskoye district in Moscow,Russia. The roof of the structurecovers 30,000 m2 and it is supported by 19 stay cablessupplied and installed byFreyssinet.

PANORAMA

I N S H O R T

WORK FOR STRENGTHE-NING OF A TEXTILE PLANTFreyssinet Egypt has just completed a large amountof new strengthening workin Gharbeya, in the Mahalladelta, Egypt, by consolidatingall roof beams in a 15,800 m2

building, one of the most lar-gest and oldest textile facto-ries in the Middle East, by addi-tional prestressing.

108 T OF FLOOR PRESTRESSING A tire factory has recentlybeen constructed to the south-east of Bangkok, Thailand,on the Chonburi coastalindustrial zone. All floorsin this factory are prestressedby post-tensioning. FreyssinetThailand installed 50 tof strands (19C15 anchors)for two 96 m long tunnels; 34 t(4S13 and 5S13 anchors)for a two-storey building(6,874 m2); 24 t for a secondthree-storey building (3,010m2).

2,000 MATCHSTICK CMCSIN MARSEILLES

Ménard Soltraitement used“matchstick” CMCs (smalldiameter controlled moduluscolumns) on a first site inMarly-la-Ville in 2003, and theyhave now used them onceagain in Marseilles toconsolidate a site onwhich shops will be built.The company installed2,000 CMCs with a diameterof 25 cm over a 3,000 m2 areawithin three weeks, respectingconstraints in the specificationincluding limitation of absolutesettlements to 15 mmand differential settlements to 2 mm per 2 m.

PRESTRESSING OF TANKS680 t of prestressing were installed in six monthson two 84 m diameterand 40 m high cryogenictanks located in Idku, 50 kmto the east of the townof Alexandria, Egypt. Thework was done by FreyssinetInternational and its Egyptiansubsidiary, subcontractedfrom VINCI ConstructionGrands Projets.

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Strengthening ofthe Millennium plantFreyssinet worked for 12,000 hoursin three months between Juneand September 2003 to strenghten the leaktightness of five ponds at the Millenniumplant effluent treatment station in Le Havre,France. The Freyssinet team made structuralstrengthening using a dry reinforced shotcreteprocess to construct strengthening shells,and then applied internal insulationby spraying polyurethane foam in orderto reduce thermal shocks affectingthe structures into which effluents arriveat a temperature of 50°C. The tanks weremade leaktight semi-independently usingan epoxy resin based lining. The entireouter structure was strengthened by TFC (350 m?) followed by acrylic waterproofing.

Road and railA new cable-stayed road and railway structureis being constructed over the Orinoco in north-eastern Venezuela. A total of 192stay cables (1,300 t of steel) will suspendthe 3,120 m long and 24.7 m wide compositesteel - concrete deck structure. Freyssinet will supply and install the stay cablesand the bearings.

High stakes in CampioneIn January this year, Freyssinet completed the lifting operation of the new casino roofin Campione, Italian enclave in Switzerland, that it started in October. The 1,100 t metallicstructure was built on the ground and was lifted firstly by a 9 m step and then by two 10 m steps. Each time the structure was lifted, a 200 t intermediate floor was added. Freyssinet performed this operation using the latest strand lift jacksystem (8 jacks with a unit capacity of 300 t) controlled by a new supervision system controlling automatic lifting and control of displacements by laser sensors.

January - April 2004 Soils & Structures 3

F O C U S

Soils & Structures. - All companies are now concerned by risk prevention. Is this a fad or a reality?Alain Martinez-Fortun.Risk prevention hasbecome reality.Its organization includesthree developmentphases, and globally weare only at the beginningof the process. The firstphase that I will call“prehistoric”, to bedeliberately provocative,is the company'sresponse to its externalobligations and constraints, customerrequirements andnational regulations.The second phase isorganizational and corresponds to settingup a safety service, identified proceduresand prevention plans.The third and final step is the approach by management systems.At this stage, risk prevention forms part of the company culture.The road towards this final step is longand complicatedbecause there are manytaboos related to safetyin Latin countries.But significant progresshas been made.

also helps to set upa QSE (Quality, Safety,Environment) systemwithin companiesthat involves the entirecompany management.I think that in the nextthree years, marketpressure will resultin the publicationof a new ISO standardon safety. Moreover, theOHSAS 18001 referencedocument is anorganizational approachthat enables thecompany to manage itsrisks in terms of worksafety, to improve itsservices and to organizethe structure of itsinternal and externalpolicy. This in no waysubstitutes for thequality approach butis complementary to it.These performancesresult in savings orrather “lower expenses”that are attractiveto the contractorand also to itscustomers.

What is the cost ofsafety for a contractor?In public works inFrance, the cost of non-safety is equal to 10%of the total salary bill,which is equal to thecost of health insurance

ALAIN MARTINEZ-FORTUN

The added valueof prevention - safetyAlain Martinez-Fortun promotes management of prevention and safety at work inspired from the model used in the English-speaking world, and talks about the increase in popularity of this subject in companies.

What safety referencesare used?Until very recently,in terms of safety,the only reference wasprovided by Britishstandard BS8800published by the BSI(British StandardInstitute). Things havechanged since 1999,due to actions takenby the BSI whichhas been working incooperation with largeoffices and worldwideexperts in safety,and has resultedin publication of theOHSAS 18001 document(Occupational Healthand Safety AssessmentSeries), which is a newinternational documentsupported by theInternational LabourOrganization andhas become a nationalstandard in manycountries. It isrecognized by all majorcertificationorganizations, itis compatible withISO 14001 for theenvironment, andISO 9000 version 2000dealing with quality,and is now “the” existingreference standardthat harmonizespractice. This document

4 Soils & Structures January - April 2004

FOCUS

contributions (CRAM)and absenteeism. Expe-rience has shown thatcontractors can usuallymake enormous savingsof the order of 4 to 8% of the total salary bill inthis subject. Setting up asafety approach can givea fast return on invest-ments, which obviouslyalso benefits the finalcustomer.Apart from direct costs,there are also repercus-sions on the contractor'simage, particularly whenthe company is quoted

on the stock exchange or belongs to a groupquoted on the stockexchange. Most invest-ments on the financialmarket now originatefrom pension funds thatmake economic and eth-ical evaluations of com-panies. A company thatneglects safety takes therisk of being sanctionedby the market.

Therefore what is the starting point for the safety approach?I argue for non-nego-

tiable criteria beforestarting to set up an effi-cient safety approach.The very recent settingup of automatic radarsystems on French roadsis a good example of thissubject and in my opin-ion it should be trans-posed to safety at work.Computerization ofchecks has made it pos-sible to set up non-negotiable criteria onthe road, and this sys-tem works. In a com-pany, this triggers achange in the behaviourof employees. The start-ing point is determinedby defining principlesthat will never be ques-tioned, such as wearinga safety helmet, safetyshoes, etc. The companycan then set up a moreambitious risk preven-tion program.

What objectivesshould be fixed?I recommend that thenumber of lost-time andnon-lost time accidentsshould be reduced by afactor of two every yearuntil a figure that can bemorally accepted in thelong term is obtained.This is an investment forthe entire company, thatoften needs outside helpin taking the first step.When I was managing aplant in Lorraine, I usedthis principle to obtainan average frequency of0.2 over seven years. Butit is true that it is easierto obtain these results inbusinesses in whichoperations are repetitive;project management forpublic works projectswhich are always uniqueand are performed in

From managementto commitment

Alain Martinez-Fortun has occu-pied general management func-tions as Plant Manager in theautomobile industry, chemicaland pharmaceutical industriesand polymer transformationindustries for 26 years, usuallywithin large American multinatio-nal groups. He has a scientificbackground and has always been

interested in different aspects of management, andparticularly multi-cultural aspects. He is very enthusias-tic about health and safety problems in companies andhe has realized that many countries in Europe are farbehind English speaking countries in this subject, sincethere are many taboos and the managerial dimensionhas not been understood. He was trained by DuPont inthe United States, and had the opportunity to imple-ment programs created by DuPont, considered to bethe reference in this field.He became a consultant in 1997 to help the differentmanagers in large groups set up a genuine “safety cul-ture”. He discovered the BS8800 guide followed byOHSAS 18001 in 1999, and was quickly convinced thatthis safety management system would become the“reference of all references”, probably through ISO. Hewrote a book entitled Manager la sécurité – unevolonté, une culture, des méthodes (Managing safety -a will, a culture, methods) (Insep Consulting Editions)and many articles in different journals, and he is nowworking for large international groups working in a widevariety of fields, such as Delphi Automotive Systems,Kimberly-Clark, Total, Glaverbel, Houillères du Bassin deLorraine (Lorraine Basin Coalmines), Ahlstrom, Viess-mann, Eurostamp, Soluxtrafer, Saint-Gobain, PAM,VINCI, Danone.

Freyssinet:safety objectiveRisk prevention plays an important role in the orga-nization of responsibilities and project mana-gement, and is a daily commitment at Freyssinetthat is now working on setting up an SMS (SafetyManagement System). This approach involves spe-cific actions on sites and is being generalized to allemployees.

different environmentsmakes the task muchmore complicated.

How does the customerbenefit from a risk pre-vention policy?Your customers will ben-efit from many advan-tages if you adopt asafety approach. I willstart by mentioning thereduction of criminalrisks for the owner andthe main contractor.There is also the image:a clean well-organizedsite gives a very goodexternal image and pro-

vides a good example forother persons workingon the site. It alsoreduces risks of disputeswith local governmentauthorities concernedsuch as labour inspec-tion, professional pre-vention organizations inbuilding and publicworks which often causedelays or work stop-pages. Finally, enormoussavings are possible bysetting up a risk preven-tion policy and are often passed on to thecustomer, which is anadded value. ■


R E P O R T R E P A I R

Much ofFreyssinet’s

reputation isfounded on post-

tensioning andstay cables,

which tend toovershadow

repairs, whichaccounts for a

large share of itsactivity. Thecompany's

expertise andtechnical culture

are extremelyvaluable in therepair business

What is the optimum way of com-bining steel and concrete? This

was the basic question asked byEugène Freyssinet in the late 1920s,and was the starting point for thefirst prestressing patents followed bya technical revolution that wouldtake Freyssinet’s engineers onto thelargest bridge and tunnel sites in theworld for 20 years after the war.Then, a deep-seated culture ofstructures was formed combiningexpertise with design, developmentof construction methods and tech-niques, which were to become theheritage and the trademark of thecompany, at the same time prepar-ing the company for an importantturning point in its history. Then theconstruction market graduallychanged at the end of the 1970s.“Installation of post-tensioning rep-resented 90% of Freyssinet's activityin 1976, but now it only accounts for10%” said Philippe Zanker, Directorof Freyssinet's Division in France.During these years marked by areduction in the amount of newconstruction, the company neededto focus its activities, basing itself onits know how and the new marketneeds. The result was a new activity,namely repair, that now accountsfor a large portion of FreyssinetFrance’s turnover, although it is

A business with a high technical added value

Freyssinet's repair activity, always include an overview of the structure, including the design.

often eclipsed by the develop-ment of prestigious cable-stayed structures.Philippe Zanker emphasizes:“The genesis of this reorienta-tion is of capital importance tounderstand the added value ofFreyssinet’s repair business,which always includes anoverview of the structure,including the design. This setsus apart from the competition,which is often limited by itsspecialization in one or ano-ther specific technique.” At thesame time, this genesis illus-trates Freyssinet's field ofaction which concentrated onbridges and tunnels until the1990s and then became moreand more in demand by con-tractors for other types ofstructures such as buildings,tanks, silos, water treatmentplants, functional structures,etc.

Strengthening by post-tensioning

Philippe Zanker also mentionedthe historic and symbolic linkbetween post-tensioning andrepairs. He illustrates this byrepairs works to preserve the LeHavre shipping terminal in 1934

at a time when Eugène Freyssinet'sprocess had not yet been broadlyaccepted, and then discussed applica-tions of post-tensioning in strengthen-ing and repair: “post-tensioning wasoriginally intended for use in structuresat the time of construction, but cannow be added afterwards to restore orincrease the structure’s load bearingcapacity. The stress distribution in theload-bearing section can be modifiedusing cables added to the outside ofthe structure and tensioned; this is“additional post-tensioning” the onlyactive method of improving the loadbearing capacity of the structure”. Weare now using passive methods thatconsist of adding steel onto the struc-ture, we started by gluing steel platesand we now use the Carbon Fibre Fab-rics (TFC) patented process thatquickly replaced glued plates after1996. This innovative and patentedapplication originates from a partner-ship initiated in 1995 by Soficar, a car-bon fiber manufacturer, with the LCPC(Laboratoire Central des Ponts etChaussées – Central Bridges and RoadsLaboratory), Ato-Findley (today knownas Bostik-Findley), a resin specialist,and Freyssinet, and has many advan-tages including incorruptibility of thematerial, lightweight and flexibility ofinstallation, making it easy to under-stand the rate at which its popu- ▼ ▼


DOSSIER

WATERPROOFINGFreyssinet's structurerenovation techniquesare particularly suitablefor the maintenanceand repair of drinking waterstorage structures, which arefrequently affected by damagethat threaten theirwatertightness as they age.Unlike repair work thatis often proposed and isrestricted to the applicationof a surface coating,techniques used by Freyssinetdeal with the causesof damage (either structural,physical or chemical)and guarantee the long lifeof structures.

SHOTCRETEConcrete is often "poured",but it may also be sprayed inthe form of wet or dry materialwith a powder consistency, bya flow of compressed air inthe pipe. Shotcrete may beused alone or combined withother techniques such asCarbon Fiber Fabrics (TFC) oradditional prestressing, andcan be used for restructuringwork on all types ofstructures. The applicationprecision and the sprayingspeed, which guaranteesoptimum compactness of theconcrete and forms a perfectbond to the support, can beused to make or rebuild awide variety of architecturalshapes. At Freyssinet,shotcrete work is done bycertified operators, followingqualifying training approvedby Asquapro, the FrenchAssociation for QualityAssurance on Shotcreteand Mortar Spraying,an organization to which manypublic works companiesadhere.


R E P O R T R E P A I R

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Regardless of their size, these operations open upnew fields of exploration for research and form

a powerful innovation motor

after flood events. “Apart from theseand other unforgettable projects suchas the “lightning” repair of the Chunnelarch (on which 250 persons workedduring three shifts seven days a weekfor 60 days in 1996) and the strengthen-ing of CNIT bearings in La Defense atthe end of 1990s, the repair businessalso includes modest sites that have to

be completed in a week without stop-ping operation of the structure.”Regardless of their size, these opera-tions open up new fields of explorationfor research and form a powerful inno-vation motor. The company decided towork with concrete chemistry special-ists, to help solve concrete pathologiesand particularly corrosion phenomena

larity increased. The dry shotcrete(Torkret) process is another importantrepair method used by Freyssinet andwas acquired by Freyssinet France in1985, and uses a steel-concrete combi-nation. The concrete is transported bycompressed air as a dry mix as far asthe operator's shotcrete gun, withoutthe use of any formwork or propping. Itis immediately hydrated before beingsprayed at a speed of 100 meters/ sec-ond onto the surface to be repaired orthe structure to be strengthened, ifnecessary with the addition of passive(reinforcement) or active (post-ten-sioning) steel embedded in the con-crete. Even if similar principles areused, all of these processes have theirown application fields, correspondingto their specific capabilities; additionalpost-tensioning is used particularly forlarge structures such as bridges, whileshotcrete and TFC are used more fre-quently for everyday’s structures suchas buildings and industrial facilities.

Philippe Zanker continued by telling usthat recent additional post-tensioningprojects include putting the AU76viaduct on the A320 into a safe condi-tion to increase the strength of aviaduct made of independent pre-stressed concrete beams in which thepassive reinforcement was severelycorroded, and Orly Airport aircraftbridges crossing the RN7 for use byfuture heavier aircrafts. Shotcrete isused in many projects such as repairand strengthening of an industrialplant in Le Tréport, in the Seine-Mar-itime department, that had been dam-aged by a fire and in which 63 beamswere reconstructed in seven months,and the façade of the Triangle buildingin Montpellier which was treatedagainst the effects of reinforcementcorrosion. Finally, a good illustration ofthe use of TFC for repair work is the siterecently completed with Sogea Con-struction in Montpellier on the Gam-betta car park, where the slab had lifted

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ADDITIONAL POST-TENSIONINGAdditional prestressing consists of adding external forces designedto modify the state of stress in an existing reinforced concrete,prestressed concrete, brickwork or wooden structure, to restoreor increase the original load bearing capacity. Freyssinet has a wide experience in its original business of prestressing, and proposes optimized strengthening solutions by additionalprestressing that satisfy international standards and regulationsand benefit from recent progress in the field.

RÉGÉBÉTONAll concrete structures affected by the weather and aggressionby pollutants present in the soil, water contaminated by deicingsalt or exposed marine environments are affected byphysicochemical modifications that provoke or acceleratecorrosion of reinforcement. Régébéton is one techniquethat Freyssinet uses for depollution of Clorides and Carbondioxide and regeneration of reinforced concrete durability.The process consists in an electrochemical method that extractspolluting elements such as chloride ions from the material,and increases its pH to a passivating level. Régébéton actsin depth without altering the appearance and authenticityof the surfaces or causing any force redistribution, and is an idealtool for preservation of monuments and the protectionof reinforced concrete structures.


DOSSIER

caused by aging and exposure of struc-tures to pollution. Régébéton, which isa process for concrete realkalinization& chloride extraction, was thus intro-duced and received two innovationawards in 2001, by Siemens and VINCI.The same dynamic explains the devel-opment of structural equipment (bear-ings, expansion joints) and very spe-cialized construction processes.This know how combines brains,reactivity and technical control, and

makes the reputation of Freyssinetrepair sites. Benoit Lecinq, Manager ofFreyssinet International's TechnicalDepartment, told us that “this con-stant is based on a special division ofthe design office based in Velizy com-posed of engineers, and on technicaldepartments in Palaiseau and Mar-seilles that provide methods and tech-nical solutions to the FreyssinetFrance's eight Regional OperationCenters and teams responsible for

sites in other countries. Except forSpain, England and the United States,where Freyssinet subsidiaries are eachgetting into the repair business intheir own way, international sites areusually controlled by experiencedexpatriates of Freyssinet France, capa-ble of training and supervising locallyrecruited construction teams”. Forabout ten years, Freyssinet has thusbeen working in Eastern Europe,firstly in Romania and then in Kosovo,on strengthening projects for bridgesbuilt during the Soviet period, or therepair of bridges damaged during thewar. Freyssinet is working on the shot-crete repair site for the Haivan railway

TFCBonding of additional carbon fiber strengthening, and usesa material capable of resisting tension forces to participatein the transfer of structural loads, to supplement defectiveor insufficient internal reinforcing in an existing structure. TFC is easy to place; it can be molded perfectly to matchirregularities in the shape of the support, and increasesthe ultimate load and ductility of the structure.

tunnel in Vietnam, and its specialistsare working in Libya to install addi-tional circular prestressing to repairand strengthen potable water supplypipes (4.50 m diameter) that crossmore than 1,500 km of desert.“Much of the future of the repair busi-ness is in developed countries, saidPhilippe Zanker, where we know thatabout 1% of the value of all assetsshould be set aside for maintenanceevery year. These budgets are not yetmobilized even in “rich” countries, andthe largest parts of budgets are still setaside for new works. But this situationcould change with the coming of sus-tainability.” ■

A special case, the nuclear industryNTS is a subsidiary of Freyssinet based in Marseilles and was originally spe-cialized in the post-tensioning of nuclear power plants. Now that the yearsof construction have ended, NTS has specialized in working in potentiallyradio active environments. NTS masters all processes used by the Freyssi-net Group, and performs various structural repair and strengthening workson behalf of EDF (Electricité de France) the French Electrical DistributionAuthority. In a context where the need for safety of installations faced withseismic risks is increasing, Freyssinet has recently reinforced two thin steelplate tanks at Fessenheim power station in the Haut-Rhin region, France,by application of TFC belts – this is a previously unused application, sincethe process had only been used for concrete structures in the past.

UNDERPINNING & STABILIZATIONFreyssinet teams use their expertise with micro piles, columnsand nailed walls, ground anchors and lifting to broaden their fieldof repair actions in underpinning work to restore or consolidatethe stability of all types of buildings (office buildings, residences,historic monuments, etc.), or even lifting or raising thesestructures.


R E A L I Z A T I O N S

ALARGE NUMBER OF ALPINEWINTER sports resorts nestling

in the high valleys are connected tomain highways by roads exposed toavalanches. This is the case of Val-Thorens, perched at an altitude of2,300 m in the Vanoise mountainsin Savoy, with an access fromMoutiers along a departmentalroad. This road passes through a300 m long corridor subject to ava-lanches and rocks falls at an alti-tude of 2,050 m, that road person-nel need to clear regularly duringthe winter.

5,000 hours work

Faced with this situation, the SavoyGeneral Council, with the assistanceof the Société d'aménagement de laSavoie (Savoy Development Com-pany), made the decision to build anavalanche protection in 2003. Con-struction of this reinforced concretetunnel structure that is open on thelower side, was awarded to the GFCConstruction – Ménard Soltraite-ment group, with GCF Constructiondoing the civil work and MénardSoltraitement doing the soil impro-vements.The structure is located on poor

quality ground in which there aremany springs and streams, andtherefore Ménard Soltraitementproposed the column jet groutingtechnique that eliminates the needfor deep foundations, so that surfacefoundations composed of foun-dation blocks and tie beams can beused. Ménard Soltraitement thusconstructed 309 columns with adiameter of 80 to 90 cm at depths ofup to 15 m with lengths varyingfrom 5 to 11 m, between mid-Octo-ber and the end of December 2003in two and a half months (5,000hours of work). These columns werethen drilled in order to check theirconstruction quality and to pro-duce grouted oil tubes within them,in preparation for the civil engi-neering work.

309 jet grouting columns on a mounMénard Soltraitementselected the fast andeconomic jet grouting

technique to build the foundationsof an avalanche protectionin the centre of Savoy.

SOILS/VAL-THORENS AVALANCHE PROTECTION

Client:Savoy General CouncilClient consultant:Savoy Development CompanyEngineer: BET Tonello ICCivil Engineer works contractor: GFC ConstructionSpecialized contractor: Ménard Soltraitement

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PARTICIPANTS

This work was carried out in paral-lel with preliminary earthworksoperations and the installation ofanchor tie rods on the upper sideof the site, and took place at theroadside without interrupting traf-fic, with alternating traffic on onelane. The civil work started in mid-April, with delivery of the ava-lanche protection planned forautumn 2004. ■

THE JET GROUTING SITE IN NUMBERS

1.500 m3 of injected cement grout1.200 t of binder3.000 m tonnes of oil tubes▼

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Jet-grouting, is a foundationconstruction technique thateliminates the need for earth-works, and can be used on avery small site that accom-modates a grout batching plantand site facilities on a verysmall area. This advantagealso made it possible tomaintain single lane trafficto the resort throughoutthe duration of the works.


REALIZATIONS

tain side

Consolidation in three stepsTreatment of ground containing buried networks or structures; construction of buildingor bridge foundations, tunnel headworks, work with limited headroom, foundationunderpinning - there is a very wide variety of applications for jet grouting, usuallyin ground that cannot easily be grouted by conventional methods. In practice, theprocess consists of treating the soil in-depth; a high pressure cement based groutjet is injected (450 bars) to destructure the soil and transform it into a soil-groutmix with defined mechanical and dimensional characteristics.Jet grouting columns are installed in three phases; design of the treatment; des-tructive drilling of small diameter (about 15 cm) boreholes down to the bottomlevel of the ground to be treated; construction of columns with a defined diameter(up to 2 m) by simultaneously tripping out and rotating the drill string.Excess fines that rise up along the annular space and overflow on the downstreamside of the production site are usually reused in backfill.



Chiapas I bridge over Lake Malpaso, Mexico,has just been opened to traffic after more thana year of construction, to which Freyssinet

de México made a major contribution.

THE NEW BRIDGE over Lake Mal-paso behind Malpaso dam is the

final link in the motorway connec-tion from Mexico to Tuxtla Guterriez,and it de-isolates Chiapas. It isremarkable due to its 1,208 m longstraight and flat deck supported oneight jacket type metal piers and aconcrete abutment, and it is alsoexceptional due to its constructionmethods consisting of precast, place-ment of piers, and incrementallaunching of the deck.The piers were assembled on an areaset aside on the lakeshore abouttwenty kilometres from the site, andwere floated and towed by boat totheir final location. Four contractorsworked on this operation, includingICA Ingenieria, the main contractorwho made the floating design, Ultra-marine and Oil State that designedthe element transport system withICA; and finally Freyssinet de México

that supplied the handling materialand performed displacement opera-tions as part of a subcontractawarded by ICA.

Floating in three phases

The piers were constructed on tworails at a spacing of 20 m on the pre-fabrication area. Floating from thisramp took place in three phases;horizontal displacement of thestructure using four hydraulic jackswith a unit capacity of 150 t; launch-ing on the transition area (which hada radius of curvature of 60 m) andretaining by four jacks; finally on thelast part, lowering into the lake bysuccessive passes, using two jackswith a unit capacity of 300 t. Oncethe piers had been installed in thelake, incremental launching of the9,500 t superstructure (a construc-tion method entirely calculated andoperated by Freyssinet de México

Client: Mexican Ministry ofCommunications and TransportMain Contractor: Ingenieros Civiles Asociados(ICA) SA de CVSpecialized Contractor:Freyssinet de México, SA de CV

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PARTICIPANTS

from abutment No. 9) could bestarted. The system used includedfour jacks with a unit capacity of 800t and four jaws, and temporary slid-ing bearings installed on abutmentNo. 9 and on the piers. The deck wasequipped with a front steel launch-ing nose and with a temporary 44 mmast supported by four pairs of staycables, to compensate deck defor-mations under the effect of ambienttemperature and its self weight. Thissystem made it possible to land onthe piers in complete safety by liftingthe front steel nose during eachincremental launching. Deforma-tions in the horizontal plane wereresisted by prestressing bars. Apainstaking geometric check wascarried out continuously during thelaunching phase, by the EngineeringInstitute at Unam (UniversidadNacional de México – National Inde-pendent University of Mexico).

At the end of launching and beforelowering the deck to its final eleva-tion, Freyssinet de México installedthe final Tetron GG type bearings oneach pier. The last service performedby the company was to supply andinstall Cipec WP type expansionjoints at the two ends of the bridge. ■

Five of the eight spans crossingLake Malpaso are 168 m long,

and the other three are 124 m,152 m and 92 m.

Five of the eight spans crossingLake Malpaso are 168 m long,

and the other three are 124 m,152 m and 92 m.

STRUCTURES/CHIAPAS I BRIDGE

A 9,500 t deck launched over Lake Malpaso


REALIZATIONS

STRUCTURES/KIEZMARK BRIDGE

A solid combinationNew combinationof techniques on a Polishstrengthening site

THE 1,000 M COMPOSITE steel-concrete structure crossing the

Vistula in Kiezmark in northernPoland is one of the longest bridgesin the country. The General High-ways Division appointed Freyssi-net Polska to strengthen thebridge, in co-operation with Freys-sinet FIC technical departmentand the PPC production plantto provide a technical solution sat-isfying the requirements of thespecification. The result was aninnovative solution combining

prestressing and stay cabletechniques. “The tendons are com-posed of conventional, galvanizedstrands inserted in an HDPE duct,while the jaws and anchor blocksare derived from Freyssinet staycables. This combination opti-mises strengthening” says KrzysztofBerger, the Freyssinet Polska Gen-eral Manager. The stay cable tech-nology was also used duringthe construction phase sincethe tendons were tensioned usingthe patented Isotension process,

normally used for stay cables. Atotal amount of 40 t of prestressingsteel was used for strengthening. ■

Client: General HighwaysDivisionMain Contractor: the MostostalWarsawa-Necso GroupDesign: WIK Gdanskdesign officeSpecialized contractor:Freyssinet Polska, in cooperation with Freyssinet FIC and PPC

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PARTICIPANTS

STRUCTURES/SOLIGNANO BRIDGE

Strengtheningunder traffic

A 445-HECTARE INDUSTRIALwasteland on the bank of the

Missouri river in Omaha,Nebraska, U.S.A., is the location ofa 281 million dollar developmentprogram designed to revitalizethe city. The highlights of theproject include a conferencecentre, covering 23,225 m2 anda Hilton hotel near the centre ofthe site. Stabilization of the banksof the river was required beforevarious riverside developmentscould be started.

The group’s American subsidiary,The Reinforced Earth Company,working in co-operation with LampRynearson & Associates designoffice on a subcontract to HawkinsConstruction company, proposedan alternative to the specified riverbank stabilisation solution. Sub-merged walls built on driven pilessupporting MSE (Mecanically sta-bilized earth) walls were replacedwith a 10.6 metre high, partiallysubmerged Reinforced earth struc-ture with TerraClass cladding. ■

SOILS/OMAHA WHARF

TerraClass gets its feet wet

SOLIGNANO BRIDGE IN THEPARMA REGION, Italy, carries

national road 308 over the TaroRiver and the A15 motorway.This 8.40 m wide bridge comprisesnine 30 m spans and was built in the1950s, but needed repair. FreyssinetItaly worked as a subcontractor tothe Dallara Costruzioni Company,and it’s scope comprised strength-ening and replacement of the fit-tings. Conventionally, the deck wasstrengthened by anchorage of newreinforcement, and some beamswere strengthened by cold gluing ofCarbon Fibre Fabrics (TFC). On theother hand, one variant studied byFreyssinet and the design office wasselected for soffits, which were con-solidated by additional prestressingusing six unbonded strands per

span, anchored into reinforced con-crete blocks fixed by prestressingbars. This technique is attractivebecause it does not need any heavyhandling systems.Freyssinet used a lifting system toreplace the bearings and expansionjoints, so that it could complete thework without interrupting trafficon the river and motorway. ■



STRUCTURES/FLOIRAC BRIDGE

Ready for another100 years

The Floirac Bridge, in France,soon to celebrate it’scentenary was reopened

to traffic after a year of repair andstrengthening work.

MIRET BRIDGE over the Dordognein Floirac, in the Lot region of

France, is a 140 m long suspensionstructure built in 1912 and sup-ported by 17 m high masonry tow-ers. It has deteriorated over theyears, and it became less and lesscapable of satisfying current stan-dards. Thus, its load bearing capac-ity was only 1.5 t, and traffic on theold bridge had to be suspended inbad weather. Rejuvenation andstrengthening had become neces-sary, since the Lot General Councilwanted to increase the bridge’s load bearing capacity to 3.5 t at thesame time.

An innovative equipment

The job was awarded to FreyssinetFrance as the main contractor andwork began in February 2003. Itconsisted of firstly redevelopingand strengthening existing anchorfoundations using anchor tie rodsand then disassembly and replace-ment of the entire deck and sus-

pension. This was a wonderfulopportunity to use the “temporarycables system” method, an all-newprocess developed by Freyssinetengineers and which had beenawarded prizes at the VINCI 2003Innovation competition. The tem-porary working cables are sup-ported by the existing towers andare fixed on anchor foundations,and support a handling carriageused to put elements of the steeldeck into place one after the other.After the disassembly phase, thesame equipment is used to trans-port elements of the new deckingbefore they are permanently fixedto the new suspension. “This solu-

Clients: Lot General CouncilEngineer: DDEConsultant: IngeropMain contractor: Freyssinet France

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PARTICIPANTS


REALIZATIONS

Freyssinet specializesin the repair of suspension bridges, and has developeda method derived from cableways for handlingheavy loads over long spans.

STRUCTURES/MARINE PARADE BRIDGE

Exemplary team workThe small town of Southport North of Liverpool,United Kingdom, has renewed its access to the seafront by construction of a new bridge incorporating

the latest progress with Freyssinet stay cables.

THE OLD STEEL BEAM BRIDGEconstructed in 1895 to connect

Southport to its sea front was clo-sed in 1990 for safety reasons andwas later demolished, to make wayfor the construction of a newMarine Parade cable-stayedbridge. The Group’s British subsi-diary, Freyssinet Ltd, was appoin-ted in early 2003 by Balfour Beatty,the main contractor responsiblefor construction, for the design,supply and installation of staycables and prestressing of deckbeams.The asymmetric structure inclu-des a single A tower (50 m high)above the 150 m long deck formedby a reinforced concrete slab sup-ported on prestressed transverse

girders. Two planes of stay cablessupport the central span (80 m)and the suspension comprises atotal of 18 Freyssinet HD staycables (each composed of 19 to 55strands, with a total of 55 t ofmonostrands). All stay cablestrands are individually protectedto enhance the durability in theaggressive environmental condi-tions of the region, and the cablesare inserted inside a white HDPE(high density polyethylene) pipe.

A simplified design The solution proposed by Freyssinet included a very com-pact anchor system, so that thestructure design could be simpli-fied, particularly for the tensioning

chamber. The need for upperguide tubes was eliminated, thusreducing difficulties and costsrelated to transport and assembly.The scaffolding was also simpli-fied.“The main difficulty with tensio-ning was the irregular arrange-ment of stay cables in the fairlyslender tower” says Ian Campbell,the Operations Manager of Freys-sinet Ltd. The problem was identi-fied in advance, and a solution wasfound at the design stage throughclose co-operation between Freys-sinet and Arcadis Paris (formerlyEEG) in order to identify an opti-mised tensioning sequence and toverify that all forces could be resis-ted by the deck and the tower.Freyssinet's engineering depart-ment based in Vélizy, France, didthe stay cable design, and thematerials were supplied from PPC,the Group’s factory. Stay cableswere prepared in advance on thedeck, in order to reduce assemblytimes and to respect the program.This organization made it possibleto install all tensioned cables usingthe Freyssinet patented Isotensionsystem in only four weeks, inJanuary 2004. ■

PARTICIPANTS

Client: Sefton town councilConsulting Engineer: BabtieMain Contractor: Balfour BeattySpecialized contractor:Freyssinet Ltd.

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tion was used once before on theLaroin footbridge, and also enablesfinal geometric adjustment of thedeck before attachment of thehangers and placement of the plat-ing” says Laurent Bonnesteve,Freyssinet engineer. Miret Bridgewas renovated two months aheadof the program and was inaugu-rated and reopened at the end ofDecember, after the load tests werecarried out successfully. ■



R IO TINTO WHARF COMBINESwood, steel and fill, and forms

part of the history of Huelva, wit-nessing the expansion of the min-ing activity in Andalusia, at the endof the nineteenth century. Thestructure is 1,165 m long and half ofits length is within the Rio Tintoestuary, and it was designed andbuilt by the English engineerGeorge Barclay Bruce in 1875. Itwas put into service in March 1876and used by the Rio Tinto Ltd Com-pany that operated pyrite mines inthe region; it was to make animportant contribution to theAndalusia port’s activities for morethan 100 years before it was aban-doned in 1980.The structure was exposed to anaggressive marine environmentand its condition deteriorated,until there was a threat thatit might collapse. After severalmaintenance and renovation cam-

STRUCTURES/RIO TINTO WHARF

Saved from corrosion

After several years of beingabandoned, Rio Tinto wharf in Huelva,Spain, has been given a new leaseof life, but the ore industry has beenreplaced by leisure activities.

reconstruct the most severely dam-aged steel sections of the structure(60 t of steel). The work continuedby passivation of steel using a coatof zinc rich epoxy paint. The teamsthen reconstructed the wood plat-forms identically (constructed fromelondo and red eucalyptus), com-posed of a grid of 4 to 7 mm thick,

0.20 m wide and 1.10 m long slabson 300 m2. All that Freyssinet SAneeded to do after fitting the finalelements - installation of stairs andaccesses for the handicapped,installation of architectural lamp-posts, plantations, etc., was to makeway for hikers and tourists. ■

paigns, in 2001 it was decided totransform the wharf into an areareserved for hikers and tourists,and the Freyssinet SA Company,the Group’s Spanish subsidiary, wasappointed to reconstruct the plat-forms on which wagons used totravel, to their original condition.Freyssinet SA has long experiencewith the restoration of old metallicstructures (it renovated the Saguntoblast furnaces near Valencia in1999), and it was particularlyimportant to maintain as manyoriginal elements of the wharf aspossible, and to replace only themost severely damaged parts byaccurate replicas.

Elondo and eucalyptusfor platforms

The work started in 2003 with thereplacement of the steel latticebeams at the wharf lower level (143 t of steel) and to repair or


REALIZATIONS

SOILS/CHICAGO SKYWAY

An economic choice

THE 12.5 KM LONG CHICAGOSkyway is a toll motorway built

at the end of the 1950s to provideaccess to the town centre from theeast, and is now being repaired.This works program will continueuntil 2005, and it is worth a globalamount of 250 millions dollars.The selected procedure is toextend the life of the bridge byabout forty years, while reducingmaintenance costs. This will bedone by replacing half of the steelviaducts by elevated roads sup-ported on fill. Reinforced earthtechnique is well adapted to theeconomic part of the specification,and will be widely used on the newstructure and has already been

Reinforced earth walls will replacethe old steel viaducts on oneof Chicago's access motorways,in the United States

selected for the viaduct package in106th street, in which it is plannedto readjust the level of the road sur-face and to construct 11,000 m2 ofReinforced earth walls to replacethe existing structure and its entryand exit ramps. The companyawarding the works, Riteway Con-struction Services, chose Rein-forced Earth Co. to supply tempo-rary and permanent Reinforcedearth retaining walls, and for theprecast parapets. This preference isjustified by “Reinforced Earth Co.'stechnical experience, commercialcompetitiveness and know how”,says Matt McCoy, the ProjectManager at Riteway ConstructionServices. ■

SOILS/SAINT-AVOLD MINE

The remembrance shaft

SINCE THE “BLACK FACES” disap-peared from the pit-bank of to

Saint-Avold mine in the Moselledepartment 18 years ago, the onlyremaining trace of the intense activi-ties carried out on the site between1908 to 1972 and then from 1976 to1986, is the headframe over theSainte-Fontaine shaft. This structureis constructed above a 6.50 m and1,040 m deep shaft, is classified in thesupplementary inventory of histori-cal monuments, and was used for theextraction of coal. The Lorraine coalmines have appointed MénardSoltraitement to consolidate this

shaft, and to prevent any collapse inthis area. “We completed the ringbeam between elevations –4 and –15 m under the elevator using a con-ical ring made by jet grouting” saysMichel Bic, the project engineer atMénard Soltraitement. The methodchosen was the double jet method, inother words injection of pure cementgrout assisted by a water jet, whichgives a better control over the col-umn diameters, namely a 7 to 14 mdiameter and 1.3 m thick concentricring surrounding the shaft.Thus, the strengthening consists of118 columns with a diameter of

between 0.9 m and 1 m, drilled to adepth of 16 m in jet grouting, form-ing a 17 m diameter wall surround-ing the shaft and stressed in com-pression only. A test phase was car-ried out near the site before the work

started to define column character-istics and precise constructionparameters, so that the work couldbe completed in two and a halfmonths using a single jet groutingbatching plant. ■


T R A N S V E R S E

R&D

A new prestressingbar: Freyssibar

F reyssinet has long experience inresearch and development for

metallurgy and threading, and hasdeveloped a new prestressingprocess called Freyssibar. Itincludes a complete range of barsthreaded by upsetting over theirentire length, obtained by colddrawing and fitted with all anchor,butt connection and couplingaccessories. The field of applica-tions of Freyssibar is very varied,starting from prestressing strength-ening to anchor rods and includ-ing all applications using ten-sioned bars; prestressing of con-crete elements (tower mast, decktop slab, etc.); pinning of concretestructures (pinning of externaladditional prestressing deviators);prestressed ground tie rods;anchors for bridge suspensioncables (adjustment); connectionsof steel noses (prestressed assem-

blies); temporary segment hangers(lifting); hangers for mobile form-work travellers (lifting).The first deliveries started in Feb-ruary 2004, and the first customerswere delighted with them. Opti-mised steelworks before construc-tion in a country rich in raw mate-rials (manganese, iron ore,

EXPERTISE

Diagnosticof anchorson the Lemanmotorway

The Swiss National RoadsDivision of the InfrastructuresDepartment in the Canton of Vaud hired Freyssinet Suisseto make a preliminarydiagnosis and to finalizedevelopment of processes,before the 3,340 groundanchors walls located on theVennes – Chexbres section of Leman motorway inSwitzerland were inspected. Six walls with 26 anchors werethus thoroughly inspected inorder to analyse the residualtension in the tie rods and toevaluate their condition andsafety. The first phase consistedof marking and identifyinganchor heads (several modelsused in construction).Freyssinet Suisse engineersthen worked in cooperationwith Freyssinet Internationaland Co. (France) to developtwo innovative systems ofchecking the residual tensionin the cables by weighing,in other words by separation atthe anchor heads. One of thesystems was suitable forFreyssinet 12-wire anchor headmodels installed in 1969, andthe other was used for 12T13type anchors used in 1970, andboth methods weresuccessfully used to make theinspection withoutinterrupting motorway traffic.■

chromium, etc.) resulted in anexcellent quality and competitiveproduct.The very strict quality requirementsare not limited to the metallurgicalcomposition and mechanicalperformances of the product,but they also with productionequipment, with the fully auto-mated 12 m drawing bench; con-tinuous threading machine, ten-sioning machine in accordancewith international standards.“We have designed and madenew and specific machines for theproduct and we have definedmanufacturing procedures, ins-pection and test specifications inorder to provide our customerswith an optimum quality product”,says Alain Huynh, responsible forProject Control. All these effortshave resulted in impeccable qual-ity validated by tests carried outin independent laboratories,and in accordance with therequirements of applicable Euro-pean standards. ■

If you would like any further infor-mation or if you want to order a brochure, please contact Freyssinetat [email protected].

The production plant: the threading machine in theforeground, and the drawingbench in the background.

Fabrication benches are used for continuous threadingof the Freyssibar bar


TRANSVERSE

ENVIRONMENT

A well integrated siteEDITION

A stirring pagein the history of VINCI

La Trace des Bâtisseurs (In the Foot-steps of the Builders) was pub-lished in late 2003 and it relates (infrench) to VINCI's genesis throughthe history of its constituent com-panies. Its story is long andthrilling, since it follows the move-ment that began in the XIXth cen-tury, and continued throughout theXXth century through world wars,reconstructions, crises, national-izations, etc.This unique research work was car-ried out through co-operation setup between VINCI and the CNRS(Centre National de la RechercheScientifique - National Centre for

Scientific Research) in 1999, andDominique Barjot, professor atParis Sorbonne university and cur-rently director of human and socialsciences at the Ministry of Research,was asked to write the book.In addition to 600 beautifully illus-trated pages, including a summarytable and indexes, the book men-tions or retraces the history ofalmost 400 companies, without for-getting the men concerned. Obvi-ously, Eugène Freyssinet takes theleading place as one of the mostimportant players, since the pre-stressing revolution at the end of1930s was the starting point for the

unprecedented growth ofthe Entreprises CampenonBernard Company, one ofthe five “founding” com-ponents of VINCI. Thebook also includes manypages describing Stup,which was to becomeFreyssinet Internationalin 1976, and its leadingengineers and recenthistory.Available by order onthe www.amazon.frwebsite. ■

Reconciling work andprotection of the environmentis a golden rule that we alwaysrespect in our activitiesand was strictly appliedduring construction ofthe suspension footbridgein the heart of MacritchieNatural Park in Singapore,and it largely controlledthe design and methods used.Since the access trail stops100 m before the construction

site, all the materials hadto be carried by hand.This constraint was takeninto account by FreyssinetSingapore engineers, whodecided to build the towersfrom small steel sections.Freyssinet also proposedto replace the anchorfoundations by groundanchors; this choice reducedthe volume of concrete to beused and risks of pollution. ■

QUALITY

Renewal of certificatesFreyssinet agenciesin the Paris andRhône-Alpes regions(France) wereawarded the firstrenewals of their ISO 9001 version2000 certificates,on February 1 and 5.


Africa and Middle-East

EgyptFreyssinet EgyptGizaPhone: (20.2) 345 81 65Fax: (20.2) 345 52 37

KuwaitFreyssinet International & Co.SafatPhone: (965) 5714 974Fax: (965) 573 5748

South AfricaFreyssinet Posten Pty LtdOlifantsfonteinPhone: (27.11) 316 21 74Fax: (27.11) 316 29 18

Reinforced Earth Pty LtdJohannesburgPhone: (27.11) 726 6180Fax: (27.11) 726 5908

United Arab EmiratesFreyssinet Middle East LLCDubaiPhone: (971) 4 286 8007Fax: (971) 4 286 8009

Freyssinet Gulf LLCDubaiPhone: (971) 4 286 8007Fax: (971) 4 286 8009

America

ArgentinaFreyssinet - Tierra Armada SABuenos AiresPhone: (54.11) 4372 7291Fax: (54.11) 4372 5179

BrazilStup Premoldados LtdaSão PauloPhone: (55.11) 4538 1522Fax: (55.11) 4524 1585

Freyssinet Ltda -Terra Armada LtdaRio de JaneiroPhone: (55.21) 2233 7353Fax: (55.21) 2263 4842

CanadaReinforced Earth Company LtdMississaugaPhone: (1.905) 564 0896Fax: (1.905) 564 2609

ChileFreyssinet - Tierra Armada S.ASantiago de ChilePhone: (56.2) 2047 543Fax: (56.2) 225 1608

ColombiaStup de ColombiaBogotaPhone: (57.1) 257 4103Fax: (57.1) 610 3898

Tierra Armada LtdaBogotaPhone: (57.1) 236 3786Fax: (57.1) 610 3898

El SalvadorFessic SA de CVLa LibertadPhone: (503) 278 8603Fax: (503) 278 0445

GuatemalaPresforzados Técnicos SAGuatemala CityPhone: (502) 2204 236Fax: (502) 2500 150

MexicoFreyssinet de México SA de CVMexico DFPhone: (52.55) 5250 7000Fax: (52.55) 5255 0165

Tierra Armada SA de CVMexico DFPhone: (52.55) 5250 7000Fax: (52.55) 5255 0165

United StatesDrainage & GroundImprovement, Inc - MénardBridgeville, PAPhone: (1.412) 257 2750Fax: (1.412) 257 8455

Freyssinet LLCChantilly, VAPhone: (1.703) 378 2500Fax: (1.703) 378 2700

The Reinforced Earth CompanyVienna, VAPhone: (1.703) 821 1175Fax: (1.703) 821 1815

VenezuelaTierra Armada CaCaracas DFPhone: (58.212) 576 6685Fax: (58.212) 577 7570

Asia

Hong KongFreyssinet Hong Kong LtdKwung Tong - KowloonPhone: (852) 2794 0322Fax: (852) 2338 3264

Reinforced Earth Pacific LtdKwung TongPhone: (852) 2782 3163Fax: (852) 2332 5521

IndonesiaPT Freyssinet Total TechnologyJakartaPhone: (62.21) 830 0222Fax: (62.21) 830 9841

JapanFKKTokyoPhone: (81.3) 3571 8651Fax: (81.3) 3574 0710

TAKKTokyoPhone: (81.44) 722 6361Fax: (81.44) 722 3133

MalaysiaFreyssinet PSC (M) Sdn BhdKuala LumpurPhone: (60.3) 7982 85 99Fax: (60.3) 7981 55 30

Ménard Geosystems Sdn BhdSubang Jaya SelangorPhone: (60.3) 5632 1581Fax: (60.3) 5632 1582

Reinforced Earth ManagementServices Sdn BhdKuala LumpurPhone: (60.3) 6274 6162Fax: (60.3) 6274 7212

PakistanReinforced Earth Pvt LtdIslamabadPhone: (92.51) 2273 501Fax: (92.51) 2273 503

SingaporePSC Freyssinet (S) Pte LtdSingaporePhone: (65) 6899 0323Fax: (65) 6899 0761

Reinforced Earth (SEA) Pte LtdSingaporePhone: (65) 6566 9080Fax: (65) 6565 6605

South KoreaFreyssinet Korea Co. LtdSeoulPhone: (82.2) 2056 0500Fax: (82.2) 515 4185

Sangjee Ménard Co. LtdSeoulPhone: (82.2) 587 9286Fax: (82.2) 587 9285

ThailandFreyssinet Thailand LtdBangkokPhone: (66.2) 266 6088/90Fax: (66.2) 266 6091

VietnamFreyssinet Vietnam HanoiPhone: (84.4) 826 1416Fax: (84.4) 826 1118

Europe

BelgiumFreyssinet Belgium NVVilvoordePhone: (32.2) 252 0740Fax: (32.2) 252 2443

Terre Armee Belgium NVVilvoordePhone: (32.2) 252 0740Fax: (32.2) 252 2443

DenmarkA/S Skandinavisk SpaendbetonVaerloesePhone: (45.44) 35 08 11Fax: (45.44) 35 08 10

FranceFreyssinet FranceVélizyPhone: (33.1) 46 01 84 84Fax: (33.1) 46 01 85 85

Freyssinet International & CieVélizyPhone: (33.1) 46 01 84 84Fax: (33.1) 46 01 85 85

Ménard SoltraitementNozayPhone: (33.1) 69 01 37 38Fax: (33.1) 69 01 75 05

PPCSaint-RemyPhone: (33.3) 85 42 15 15Fax: (33.3) 85 42 15 14

Terre Armée SNCVélizyPhone: (33.1) 46 01 84 84Fax: (33.1) 46 01 85 85

Great-BritainCorrosion Control Services LtdTelfordPhone: (44.1952) 230 900Fax: (44.1952) 230 960

Freyssinet LtdTelfordPhone: (44.1952) 201 901Fax: (44.1952) 201 753

Reinforced Earth Company LtdTelfordPhone: (44.1952) 201 901Fax: (44.1952) 201 753

HungaryPannon Freyssinet KftBudapestPhone: (36.1) 209 1510Fax: (36.1) 209 1510

IrelandReinforced Earth Co. LtdKildarePhone: (353) 45 431 088Fax: (353) 45 433 145

ItalyFreyssinet - Terra Armata SRLRomaPhone: (39.06) 418 771Fax: (39.06) 418 77 201

FyromFreyssinet BalkansSkopjePhone: (389.2) 3118 549Fax: (389.2) 3118 549

NetherlandsFreyssinet Nederland BVNoordkadePhone: (31.18) 2630 888Fax: (31.18) 2630 152

Terre Armée BVBredaPhone: (31.76) 531 9332Fax: (31.76) 531 9943

NorwayA/S Skandinavisk SpennbetongSnarøyaPhone/fax: (47.67) 53 91 74

PolandFreyssinet Polska Sp z.o.o.MilanówekPhone: (48.22) 724 4355Fax: (48.22) 724 6893

PortugalFreyssinet - Terra ArmadaLisbonPhone: (351.21) 716 1675Fax: (351.21) 716 4051

RomaniaFreyrom SABucarestPhone: (40.21) 220 2828Fax: (40.21) 220 4541

SpainFreyssinet SAMadridPhone: (34.91) 323 9500Fax: (34.91) 323 9551

Tierra Armada Espana, SAMadridPhone: (34.91) 323 9500Fax: (34.91) 323 9551

SwedenAB Skandinavisk SpaennbetongMalmöPhone/fax: (46.40) 98 14 00

SwitzerlandFreyssinet SAMoudonPhone: (41.21) 905 0905Fax: (41.21) 905 0909

TurkeyFreysasKadiköyPhone: (90.216) 349 8775Fax: (90.216) 349 6375

Reinforced Earth Insaat roje Ve Tic. A.SÜsküdarPhone: (90.216) 4928 424Fax: (90.216) 4923 306

Oceania

AustraliaAustress Freyssinet Pty LtdSeven HillsPhone: (61.2) 9674 4044Fax: (61.2) 9674 5967

Austress Freyssinet Pty LtdMelbournePhone: (61.3) 9326 58 85Fax: (61.3) 9326 89 96

The Reinforced Earth CompanyHornsbyPhone: (61.2) 9910 9900Fax: (61.2) 9910 9999

New ZealandFreyssinet New Zealand Ltd -Reinforced Earth LtdAucklandPhone: (64.9) 2363 385Fax: (64.9) 2363 385

ZOOMSteel grid facingfor Valence ramp

The Freyssinet Group around the world

Terre Armée SNC, has designedand supplied 14,840 m2 of TerraTrelpanels for retaining walls for the accessramp of the second Rhône bridge,now under construction in Valencein the Drôme Department in France.14 arches designed to carry riverfloodwater pass through this 1,100 mlong ramp that is up to 15 m high.

FREYSSINET - 1 bis, rue du Petit-Clamart - 78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay - France - Phone: (+33 1) 46 01 84 84 - Fax: (+33 1) 46 01 85 85 - www.freyssinet.comPublication manager: Claude Lascols - Editor: Stéphane Tourneur ([email protected]) - Contributed to this issue: Isabelle Angot, Michel Bic, Laure Céleste,Stéphane Cognon, Carlos Correa, Vincenzo Emprin, Pierre Faure, Bertrand Garin, Alain Huynh, Benoît Lecinq, Anna Marjanska, Sylviane Mullenberg, Patrick Nagle, TomasPalomares, François Prongué, Andrew Smith, Jérôme Stubler, Teng Wee Tan, Alain Tigoulet, Philippe Zanker - Editorial secretariat: Jean-Marc Brujaille - Layout: Idé Photos: Régis Bouchu, Claude Cieutat, Itar-Tass Photo Agency, Stéphane Olivier/Vinci, Francis Vigouroux, Freyssinet photographs. Front cover: underpinning, LouvreMuseum, Claude Cieutat.

Although Freyssinet makes every effort to supply the most precise possible information, the publishers and their employeesor agents cannot guarantee that this information is accruate and cannot aceept any responsibility if it is.

FREYSSINET

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