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FILM STUDYBasic Terms

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Depth of field The distance through which elements in

an image are in sharp focus. technique to focus audience attention on

the most significant aspect of a scene without having to use an analytic cut-in.

Shallow focus keeps only one plane in sharp focus in a close-up, the figure is in focus, but

the background is not. Shallow focus suggests psychological

introspection, since a character appears as oblivious to the world around her/him

racking focus usually done quite quickly; in a way, the

technique tries to mimic a brief, fleeting glance that can be used to quicken the tempo or increase suspense

way of steering audience attention through the scene, as well as of linking two spaces or objects

deep focus Both images (one in background, one in

the foreground) are in focus and given equal importance

Think of a couple on the stairs, fighting, both are important, in focus

flashback/flashfoward

the order of events in the plot no longer matches the order of the events of the story Slumdog Millionaire

mise-en-scene “Everything in the scene” The representation of space affects the

reading of a film All the things that are "put in the scene": the

setting, the decor, the lighting, the costumes, the performance etc.

Narrative films often manipulate the elements of mise-en-scene, such as decor, costume, and acting to intensify or undermine the significance of a particular scene

costume Costume simply refers to the clothes

that characters wear. Costume in narrative cinema is used to

signify character, or advertise particular fashions, or to make clear distinctions between characters

Why do the characters wear that? Are they being type-casted?

space Depth, proximity, size and proportions of

the places and objects in a film can be manipulated through camera placement and lenses

effectively determining mood or relationships between elements

Think: An empty room, an abandoned warehouse, one tree off in the distance? What feelings do you get?

lighting Intensity, direction, and quality

Light affects the way colors are rendered, both in terms of hue and depth, and can focus attention on particular elements of the composition.

Quality

• The look of an image, its balance of dark and light, the depth of the space in focus, the relation of background and foreground, etc. all affect the reception of the image

• Is it too dark, light, focused, etc?

Scale If the same object were filmed at

different shot scales it would often signify quite differently.

Shot scale can foster intimacy with a character,An close-up in the living room

conversely, it can swallow the character in its environmentA wide angle shot in times sq.

Angle of framing Angle of framing can be used to indicate

the relation between a character and the camera's point of view. Camera up – in powerCamera down – subordinate power

Or can simply be used to create striking visual compositions.

Canted framing

view in which the frame is not level; either the right or left side is lower than the other, causing objects in the scene to appear slanted out of an upright position.

used to create an impression of chaos and instability.

associated with the frantic rhythms of action films, music videos and animation

Level of framing Not only the angle from which a camera

films but the height can also be a significant element in a film.

A low-level camera is placed close to the ground whereas a high-level camera would be placed above the typical perspective shown in the cinema.

used to signify sympathy for characters who occupy particular levels in the image,

used to a greater advantage when the difference in height between objects or characters is greater.

Movement Pan Shot: Moving shot Zoom Wide shot Close up

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