gastrohepatologi.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
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GASTROHEPATOLOGI
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DISPEPSIA
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•Kumpulan gejala mual, tdk nyaman, kembung, cepat kenyang, sering bersendawa
•KlasifikasiDispepsia
Organik
Ulkus
Nonulkus
GERD
Fungsional
Ulkus
Dismotiliti
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Dispepsia Fungsional
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Alarm simptom
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Penunjang
•Untuk menghilangkan DD gang organik•UBT urea breath test tau infeksi H
pylori•GOLD standart dgn endoskopi
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TatalaksanaMekanisme kerja Contoh obat
Netralisir asam Antasida
Antisekresi agen PPI Lansoprazole, omenprazoleH2 agonis ranitidin, cimetidin
Prokinetik MetoklopramidDomperidonAsaprid
Sitoprotektif BismuthSukralfatProstaglandin Misoprostol
Regimen H.pylori:Triple terapi
1st: PCA PPI, Clarimtromicin, Amoksisilim2nd: PPI+metro+clari/ amoks
Kuadrapel terapi: PPI+Bsmut+metro+terta
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6 mg
4 mg
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Ulkus peptik•Gaster pain-food-pain•Doudenum pain-food-
relief•Dx pasti: endoskopiGastropati
OAINS• Etiologi: konsumsi NSAID bersifat asam dan << Prostaglandin•Tx:• Profilaksis: misoprostol / PPI• Bisa hentikan NSAID: H2 agonis/ PPI• Tdk bs hentikan NSAID: PPI / misoprostol
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GERD
•Refluks isi lambung ke esofagus•Manifestasi: nyeri epigastrium, sprt
terbakar, disfagia, mual, pahit di lidah•LPR : Suara SERAK, rasa mengganjal di
tenggorokan •Penunjang utama: endoskopi
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Barrets esofagus adenokarsinoma
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DIARE
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•BAB cair dgn vol >200 gr/hr atau >3x/hr•Tipe
▫Akut < 2mg▫Persisten 2-4 mg▫Kronik > 4mg IBD dan IBS
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Diare Akut
•Biasa dari makanan▫Daging C.perfingens E.coli▫Telur Salmonela▫Nasi goreng Bacillus cereus▫Seafood Kolera▫Air sungai Giardia
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•EPEC pediatrik•ETEC traveler•EIEC tdk fermentasi gula•EHEC too young, too old•EAEC prolonge
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Amoebiasis
•Etiologi: Entamoeba hystolitica•Manif: BAB darah•Penunjang: px tinja kista/ trofozoid•Komplikasi: abses hepar Nyeri kuadran
kanan atas, ikterik, demam, fluktuasi +
DD: E coli, Shigelosis
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Kista: inti 4Trofozoid: pseupodia
+, eritrosit +
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Giardia lamblia
• Manif: diare berminyak, bau busuk
• Khas: bentuk sprt jambu monyet, 2 inti, 2 axon, 2 flagel Balantidium Colli
•Khas: ada makro dan mikro nukleus
•Di Colon asenden
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Tatalaksana
•Bakteri 1st Kotrimoksazol, 2nd Quinolon•Kolera Tetrasiklin•Amoeba metronidazol•Antimotilitas loperamid•Antispasmodik: hiosin, papaverin•Pengeras fesces Kaolin pectin
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Inflamatory Bowel Disease
•Inflamasi saluran cerna etio tdk jelas•Macam:
▫Kolitis ulseratif▫Penyakit Chron
•Manif: diare kronik, bs dgn darah, nyeri perut, mual, muntah
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Inflamatory Bowel Syndrome
•Gang pola defekasi dan nyeri abd tanpa kelainan struktural
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IKTERIK
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HEPATITIS
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•Etio: virus Hepatitis A, B, C,D,E•Manif:
▫Inkubasi▫Prodormal (pre ikterik)▫Ikterik▫Penyembuhan
•Kronik > 6 bulan
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Bagian:Selubung HbsAgInti: HbcAg dan
HbeAg
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SIROSIS HEPATIS
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•Fibrosis hepatik yang bersifat progresif
alkohol
kriptogenik
Viral kronik
Genetik herediterPrimary billiary
cirrhosisPrimary sclerosing cholangiti
sAutoimun
Lain-lain
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Penunjang
•Darah Rutin anemia, trombositopenia•Tes Fungsi Hepar
▫AST> ALT▫>> bilirubin▫< albumin▫> PT
•USG
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Komplikasi
HT portal
Asites
Ensefalopati hepatik
peritonitis
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HT portal
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Asites
•Albumin serum/asites > 1,1•Terapi:
▫Tirah baring▫Diuretik 1st spironolakton, 2nd furosemid▫Parasintesis
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Ensefalopati Hepatik
•Etio: amonia dari bakteri usus tdk bs dinetralisir
•Tx:▫A B C▫Sumber protein asam amino rantai
panjang▫Laktulosa▫Antibiotik neomicin
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Colangitis: Trias Charcot demam, ikterik, nyeri abdomen
kanan atas
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