garden principals of landscapimg
TRANSCRIPT
Principles of landscape design
By Capt. S.K.BHANDARI
• Landscape design involves functional use of plants combined with artistic composition
Principles of landscape design
• Visual or acoustic screens• Framing off-landscape views
– Functional use of landscapes:
• Microclimate control (e.g. shading, protection from wind)• Creating enclosures (absolute or implied)
– Functional uses should be considered first; landscape viewed as different units with different functions
• Artistic composition derived from physical properties of plants
Principles of landscape design
• Plants can be viewed as mainly horizontal or vertical– Horizontal shapes are less dramatic than vertical shapes
– Form:
• Tree forms depend on branching patterns
• Shrub forms result from growth habits (e.g. upright or creeping)
• Physical properties of plants important in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
• Stems, leaves, bark, and buds determine texture of plant– Large or widely separated plant features create effect of coarseness
– Texture:
– Thick, tight foliage results in finer texture
– Simple leaves appear coarser than compound leaves
• Distance of view affects texture; farther you stand from plant, the finer its texture appears
• Physical properties of plants important in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
• Warm colors: yellows to reds– Bright, inviting and lively
– Color:
• Cool colors: greens to violets– Restful, receding, not as conspicuous
• Foliage most often considered in landscape design, but flowers, bark and fruit also important
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
• Characters that provide unity in landscape design– simplicity
– Landscapes need some characteristics to tie together different (functional) units and plants within a unit
– variety
– emphasis
– balance
– sequence
– scale
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
• Created with repetition of form, texture, colors, or specific plant species
• Must prevent monotony; variety is used to ‘control’ repetition
– Simplicity (repetition)
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
– Variety• Varying forms, textures and shapes to prevent boredom
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
– Emphasis• Drawing attention to important features of landscape
– Can draw attention to front door of residence by using plants that offer variety in color, texture or form near the door
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
– Balance• Symmetrical balance = elements on either side of an axis
are identical (formal feel) • Asymmetrical balance = unlike elements of equal visual
weight on each side of an axis (less formal)– achieved by balancing forms of unequal size (e.g. 1 tree balanced
by 3 shrubs)
– Color adds visual weight; brightly colored plant may need to be balanced with several plants of equal size but not brightly colored
– Coarse textures are visually heavier than fine textures (more fine-textured plants needed to balance coarse-textured plants)
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
– Balance
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
– Sequence• Move viewer’s eyes over landscape in orderly fashion
– Achieved by gradual progression of form, texture or color
– Any plant that breaks gradual progression becomes a point of emphasis
• Unity in landscape design
Principles of landscape design
– Scale• Relative scale or proportion of landscape affects viewer’s
mood– Most landscapes
should be proportional to human height or height of structure