A SEMINAR ON MAGLEV

BY Ganesh G. Chavan

(Automobile Engineering Department)Mobile No.- 9422313580

WHAT IS MEANT BY MAGLEV?

Maglev=Magnetic + Levitation.

Any thing which may levitate(raise or float) by means of a magnetic power is simply called as magnetic levitation. The term ‘MAGLEV’ can be briefly explained by using an example of ‘MAGLEV TRAINS’.

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF MAGLEV TRAINSMaglev trains have to perform the following

functions to operate in high speeds1.Levitation 2.Propulsion 3.Lateral

Guidance

Levitation

•The passing of the superconducting magnets through levitation coils on the side of the track induces a current in the coils and creates a magnetic field. This pushes the train upward so that it can levitate 10 mm above the track.

•The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it is equipped with retractable wheels.

Propulsion•An alternating current is ran through electromagnet coils on the guide walls of the guide way. This creates a magnetic field that attracts and repels the superconducting magnets on the train and propels the train forward.

•Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive forces.

Lateral Guidance•When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the super conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an attractive force from the coils on the farther side. This keeps the train in the center.

TYPES OF MAGLEV TRAINSBased on the techniques used for

Levitation there are two types of Maglev trains

1. Electro magnetic Suspension -Attractive

2. Electro dynamic Suspension –repulsive

3. Inductrack

EMS (ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION)

ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION USES ELECTROMAGNETS TO LEVITATE THE TRAIN.

1.LEVITATION PRINCIPLE IN EMS SYSTEM:

2.PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION IN EMS SYSTEM: The propulsion of the train is mainly based on two types of motors:Linear Electric Motor (LEM) and, Linear Induction Motor (LIM)

IN EMS SYSTEM “LEVITATION BY ATTRACTION “ may takes place.Attraction is caused by having the currents within each of the circuits traveling in the same direction. It is important to note that with attractive forces created between the train and the track.

3.PRINCIPLE OF LATERAL GUIDENCE IN EMS SYSTEM:

The levitation magnets and rail are both U shaped(with rail being an inverted U). The mouths of U face one another.

PROS AND CONS OF EMS

TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS

EMS(Electromagnetic suspension)

-Low magnetic fields inside and outside the vehicle

-Commercially available

-No secondary propulsion system needed

-The system needs to be monitored by outside system to maintain the distance between the Track and the train

-Vibraitions may occur due to instability and outside monitoring.

EDS (ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION): Electrodynamic Suspension uses Superconductors for levitation,propulsion and lateral guidance

1.LEVITATON PRINCIPLE IN EDS SYSTEM:IN EDS SYSTEM “LEVITATION BY REPULSION” may takes place.The current in the top circuit travels in the opposite direction of the current in the bottom; resulting in an repulsion between the two coils2.PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION IN EDS SYSTEM:The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of the guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating current from a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field on the guideway3.PRINCIPLE OF LATERAL GUIDENCE IN EDS SYSTEM:•When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the super conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an attractive force from the coils on the farther side.

•This keeps the train in the center.

TECHNOLOGY PROS CONS

EDS(Electrodynamic suspension)

highest speed (581 km/h)

Heavy load capacity

Necessary use of magneting shielding due to the strong magnetic fields.The vehicle must be wheeled to travel at low speed.the cryogenic system uses to cool the coils can be expensive.

PROS AND CONS OF EDS:

The Inductrack is a newer type of EDS that uses permanent room-temperature magnets .There are two Inductrack designs:

Inductrack I and Inductrack II.

Inductrack I is designed for high speeds, while Inductrack II is suited for slow speeds. If the power fails, the train can slow down gradually and stop on its auxillary wheels.

INDUCTRACK:

APPLICATIONS

NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching of space vehicles into low earth orbit.

Boeing is pursuing research in MagLev to provide a Hypersonic Ground Test Facility for the Air Force.

The mining industry will also benefit from MagLev.

There are probably many more undiscovered applications!

Comfort

•The ride is smooth while not accelerating..

Economic Efficency

•The initial investment is similar to other high speed rail roads. (Maglift is $20-$40 million per mile and I-279 in Pittsburg cost $37 million per mile 17 years ago.)

•Operating expenses are half of that of other railroads.

•A train is composed of sections that each contain 100 seats, and a train can have between 2 and 10 sections.

•The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin of the train.

Speed

•The train can travel at about 300 mph. (Acela can only go 150 mph)

•For trips of distances up to 500 miles its total travel time is equal to a planes (including check in time and travel to airport.)

•It can accelerate to 200 mph in 3 miles, so it is ideal for short jumps. (ICE needs 20 miles to reach 200 mph.)

Safety

•The trains are virtually impossible to derail because the train is wrapped around the track.

•Collisions between trains are unlikely because computers are controlling the trains movements.

Maintenance

• There is very little maintenance because there is no contact between the parts.

CONCLUSION

Maglev trains use magnets to levitate and propel the trains forward.

Since there is no friction these trains can reach high speeds.

It is a safe and efficient way to travel.

Thank you