Ganbold.B /lecturer of Professorial

Team for Humanities, STD /

MUST, School of Technology in Darkhan

    Comparative Studies on Compound Adjective Formation of Mongolian &

English Languages

Purpose of study:

The purpose of my research is to compare English and Mongolian grammatical structure, to give a theoretical and practical dissection for English and Mongolian compound adjectives and to determine their basic formation and character in the clause sentences

Importance of research:

This research will be useful for students and researchers to compare the study of English and Mongolian compound adjectives similar and differences.

This newly issued comparative study is to easily translate between English and Mongolian languages and to compare English and Mongolian adjectives, especially, the compound adjective formation.

-Bauer Laurie; English Word-formation, 1983-Adams Valerie; An Introduction to Modern English Word-formation, 1973

- Onorbayan.Ts; Mongolian morphology,1995- Byambasan.P.The Mongolian Word Structure,1975

The most valuable source of information on this topic

Onorbayan.Ts

J. Hladky

V. Adams

L. Bauer

Mongolian and English compound adjectives

Mongolian and English compound adjectives

syntacticallysyntactically

grammaticallygrammatically

semanticallysemantically

a one lexical unit

a one lexical unit

and should fall into a particular word class

and should fall into a particular word class

Hence, word-forms like

The above cited definitions Mongolian compound adjectives are similar with English compound

adjectives

similarsimilar

Dulmaa günž Arsland hundagataj arhi devšüülž, saihan nüd hüslijg badruulan, taataj hццrhцn uruul n mišeež, dun tsagaan šüd n jaralzana (B.Rinčen “Tsogt tajž”MUZD.vol.17. 1997, p.125)

Tears leaked out of the crinkled corners of Hagrid’s beetle-black eyes (J. K. Rowling. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. 1999. 133)

The overwhelming majority of compound adjectives have attributive function

There are six main categories of compound adjectives recognized:

Adverb centered

Verb centered

Noun centered

Adjective centered

PhrasalCompound nouns

in attributive position

This research work is focused only ‘Adjective-centered’ compound adjectives

and can be subdivided in the next four groups

Numeral+noun+adjective

Adverb+adjectiveAdverb+adjective

Noun+adjective

Adjective+adjective

Adjective+adjective compound adjectives

We can observe this formation of compound adjectives used as English in

Mongolian

Noun+adjective compound adjectives

This pattern is also used for expressing comparison, e.g. rock-solid: as solid as a rock.In this category are often colors and theirhyponyms as e.g. chocolate-brown.

Very frequent pattern is the one containing -free as the second lexical element. Such compound can be semantically analyzed as lacking given property, e.g. worry-free means without any worries.

This type is one of the most frequent in Mongolian

Numeral+noun+adjective compound adjectives

This pattern appears to be well-established for age reference and it is highly productive in English. It is always hyphenated and contains three lexical elements. For example: She has a four-year-old son.

This pattern appears in Mongolian very rarely, because numeral is in Mongolian an independent category of word classes.

Adverb+adjective compound adjectives

This pattern is not very common in English. For example: Having loads of money isn't a huge advantage and the product is not all-important at first.

Managing information or creating new products has become all-important. If we use adverbs before of adjectives in Mongolian, it would not create new words, but instead the adjectives meaning is intensified. For example: Maš delger hangai min mal sürgeer bajan.

Conclusion

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L. Bauer defines a compound as a lexeme which must contain at least two potential stems; R.V. Adams sees a compound as a result of fixed combinations of two lexemes, free forms. The order of lexemes creating a compound is fixed and cannot be changed. The above cited definitions are similar with Mongolian compound adjectives.

In Mongolian, to replace the first sound of the constituents by m, z, s these adjective semantics are becoming plural words. For example: žižig sažig, aar saar, цndцr mцndцr, alag malag, etc. However, in the English compound adjectives, they could not be found in that pattern.

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For example: Dulmaagünž Arsland hundagataj arhi devšüülž, saihan nüd hüslijg badruulan, taataj hццrhцn uruul n mišeež,dun tsagaan šüd n jaralzana (B.Rinčen “Tsogt tajž” MUZD.vol.17.1997, p.125)Tears leaked out of the crinkled corners of Hagrid’s beetle-black eyes (J. K. Rowling. Harry Potterand the Prisoner of Azkaban. 1999. 133)

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English and Mongolian compound adjectives are similar with fixed combinations of two lexemes. We analyzed the four patterns of compound adjectives. Therefore, we want to point out thatadjective+adjective and noun+adjective types are the most frequent in Mongolian and English compound adjectives.

10.04.2013