gametogenesis - perry localgametogenesis the production of gametes. sperm cells (male gamete)...

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section6.1.notebook 1 November 14, 2013 You have two types of cells in your body:somatic cells , and germ cells. Somatic cells are your body cells. They undergo mitosis when they need to divide. Germ cells are your reproductive cells also referred to as gametes . male gametes are called sperm cells female gametes are called egg cells . Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents.

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Page 1: Gametogenesis - Perry LocalGametogenesis the production of gametes. Sperm cells (male gamete) smaller than female gamete contribution to the embryo is DNA must be able to swim, modifications

section6.1.notebook

1

November 14, 2013

You have two types of cells in your body: somatic cells, and germ cells.

Somatic cells­ are your body cells.  They undergo mitosis when they need to divide.

Germ cells­ are your reproductive cells also referred to as gametes.

­male gametes are called sperm cells­female gametes are called egg cells.

Sexual reproduction­ involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents.

Page 2: Gametogenesis - Perry LocalGametogenesis the production of gametes. Sperm cells (male gamete) smaller than female gamete contribution to the embryo is DNA must be able to swim, modifications

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November 14, 2013

Gametogenesis ­ the production of gametes.

Sperm cells (male gamete)­smaller than female gamete­contribution to the embryo is DNA­must be able to swim, modifications are made to the cell for this to happen.

Egg cells (female gamete)­gives DNA, contributes organelles, molecular building blocks, and other materials for a  successful 

embryo to develop

Page 3: Gametogenesis - Perry LocalGametogenesis the production of gametes. Sperm cells (male gamete) smaller than female gamete contribution to the embryo is DNA must be able to swim, modifications

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November 14, 2013

Fertilization­ the actual fusion of two gametes.  Occurs when the sperm fertilizes the egg.

­A zygote is formed that will have the number of        chromosomes in a diploid cell.

­Develops by mitosis into a multicellular organism.

Diploid­ a cell with 2 copies of each chromosome, (2n) number of chromosomes, body cells are diploid.

­one from female parent­one from male parent

Haploid­ gametes that contain only one of each kind of chromosome (n) number of chromosomes.

Page 4: Gametogenesis - Perry LocalGametogenesis the production of gametes. Sperm cells (male gamete) smaller than female gamete contribution to the embryo is DNA must be able to swim, modifications

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November 14, 2013

Each organism has a specific amount of chromosomes in their cells.  The number of chromosomes is not related to the complexity of an organism.

Examples: Adder's Tongue Fern  1260(2n)  630(n)Fruit Fly 8(2n)  4(n)Humans 46(2n)  23(n)

Autosomes­ chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism.

­Chromosome pairs 1­22 are autosomes

Sex Chromosomes­ ones that control the development of sexual characteristics. 

­Very different from one another.  ­X and Y are standard­XX indicates female, XY indicates male­Chromosome pair 23. 

Page 5: Gametogenesis - Perry LocalGametogenesis the production of gametes. Sperm cells (male gamete) smaller than female gamete contribution to the embryo is DNA must be able to swim, modifications

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November 14, 2013

Human cells have 46 chromosomes.­If cells only reproduced through mitosis then when an 

egg cell and a sperm cell fuse, the new cell would have 92 chromosomes!

Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as a parent's body cells.

­Two separate divisions occur (Meiosis I and II)­Begins with 1 diploid (2n) cell, and results in 4 haploid 

       (n) cells.

Page 6: Gametogenesis - Perry LocalGametogenesis the production of gametes. Sperm cells (male gamete) smaller than female gamete contribution to the embryo is DNA must be able to swim, modifications

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November 14, 2013

Homologous chromosomes ­ two chromosomes (one from mom and one from dad) that have the same length and same general appearance.

­contain the same genes in the same order.

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November 14, 2013

Can you identify Homologous Chromosomes?

The diagram below shows chromosomes 1 with four different genes present.  These genes are represented by the letters F, g, h, and J.  Possible homologous chromosomes of chromosome 1 are labeled 2­5.  Examine the five chromosomes and the genes they contain to determine which of chromosomes 2­5 are homologous with chromosome 1.

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November 14, 2013

1. Could chromosome 2 be homologous with chromosome       1? Explain.

2. Could chromosomes 4 be homologous with     chromosome 1? Explain.

3. Could chromsome 4 be homologous with chromosome      1? Explain.

4. Could chromosome 5 be homologous with chromosome     1? Explain

yes, because the genes are in the same location and position

no, because the last gene is not the same

no, because they have completely different genes

yes, same as #1