galloping acamanual

7/27/2019 GAlloping ACAManual

1/48


2/48

To jump directly to a chapter simply click on a chapter title within the index.

1.1 New Features of Alcoa Sag10 for Windows Version 3.0 ......................................................31.2 Features of Alcoa Sag10 for Windows Version 2.0 ..............................................................41.3 Features of Alcoa Sag10 for Windows

Version 1.1...............................................................51.4 Differences Between SAG10 for Windows and SAG10 for DOS..........................................61.5 Features of Current & Previous Versions..............................................................................71.6 History ...................................................................................................................................81.7 License Agreement Information ............................................................................................81.8 Installation ............................................................................................................................. 9

1.8.1 Minimum Equipment Required:.............................................................................91.8.2 Installation - Single User .......................................................................................91.8.3 Installing and Using SAG10 On a Network ...........................................................91.8.4 Installation of SAG10 on a Network Server...........................................................91.8.5 Installation of SAG10 on a Workstation ................................................................91.8.6 Using SAG10 on a Network ..................................................................................101.8.7 Printing over a Network.........................................................................................10

1.9 Getting Started with SAG10 ..................................................................................................102.1 Entry Screen.......................................................................................................................... 112.2 Main Menu............................................................................................................................. 122.3 Create/Edit Problem File .......................................................................................................12

2.3.1 Headings ...............................................................................................................122.3.2 Conductor Selection..............................................................................................132.3.2.1 ADSS Cable ..........................................................................................132.3.2.2 OPGW...................................................................................................142.3.2.3 ACSS Conductors .................................................................................142.3.2.4 Pre-stressing ACSS Conductors...........................................................142.3.2.5 Copper Conductors ...............................................................................152.3.2.6 Conductor Lookup List ..........................................................................152.3.2.8 User Bookmarks ...................................................................................162.3.2.9 Add New Conductor to Database..........................................................162.3.2.10 View Existing Stress-Strain Chart in Sag10.Pgm Database ...............162.3.2.11 Add New Stress-Strain Chart to Sag10.Pgm Database...................... 162.3.2.12 Delete User Added Stress-Strain Chart from Sag10.Pgm Database .17

2.3.3 Loadings Table......................................................................................................172.3.4 Ruling Spans......................................................................................................... 212.3.5 Output Redirection ................................................................................................21

3.1 File Commands (Main Menu)................................................................................................223.1.1 File New (Main Menu) ...........................................................................................223.1.2 File Open (Main Menu) .........................................................................................223.1.3 File Save (Main Menu) .......................................................................................... 223.1.4 File Save As ..........................................................................................................223.1.5 File eXit (Main Menu) ............................................................................................22

3.2 Options...................................................................................................................................233.2.1 Elevated Temperatures, Input (default = unchecked)..........................................233.2.2 Elevated Temperatures, Output Strain (default = unchecked)............................. 23

3.2.2.1 Elevated Temperature Creep................................................................ 233.2.3 Account for Aluminum Compression ....................................................................253.2.4 Separate AL & STL Tension .................................................................................253.2.5 Tensions Avg Vert (At Supports) Horiz (At Sag).............................................253.2.6 Display Extra Column No % RTS H/W Horz & Vert Sag ..............................253.2.7 Units English English-to-Kg Kilogram Newton ..............................................253.2.8 NESC K New Old Old (Steel & Cu) ................................................................263.2.9 T-2TM Conductor ...................................................................................................263.2.10 Attachments to Wire No Marker Balls Cables PLP Spoiler ........................26

3.2.10.1 Marker Balls ........................................................................................263.2.10.2 Non-supporting spacer cable, installed after stringing........................273.2.10.3 Non-supporting cable, pre-assembled or lashed ................................283.2.10.4 PLP Spoilers .......................................................................................293.2.10.5 Estimated Cast Rod Creep ...............................................................29


3/48

Chapter 1 Introduction

Alcoa SAG10 Manual Page 2

3.2.10.6 Creep Time at Stress........................................................................293.3 Setup Commands (Main Menu) ............................................................................................29

3.3.1 Setup - Print Setup................................................................................................293.3.2 Setup - Page Setup...............................................................................................303.3.3 Setup - Fonts.........................................................................................................30

3.4 Run Commands (Main Menu)...............................................................................................313.4.1 Run - Sag & Tension.............................................................................................313.4.2 Run - Pause between Spans ................................................................................313.4.3 Inclined Spans.......................................................................................................313.4.4 Run - Ruling Span Calc.........................................................................................323.4.5 Run IEEE738 .....................................................................................................32

3.5 Help for Sag10 ......................................................................................................................324.1 Output Screen ........................................................................................................................33

4.1.1 Creep .....................................................................................................................334.2 Gallop....................................................................................................................................344.3 Sag Curves ........................................................................................................................... 364.4 Stringing Sag Tables............................................................................................................. 38

4.4.1 Stringing Spans.....................................................................................................384.4.2 Stringing Temperatures ........................................................................................ 38

4.6 Ruling Span Variation............................................................................................................ 404.7 Clash .....................................................................................................................................424.8 Vibrec ....................................................................................................................................454.9 Output ...................................................................................................................................46


4/48



1.1 New Features of Alcoa Sag10TM

for WindowsTM

Version 3.0

Vibration Analysis and Damper Selection CalculationsPerform your own Vibration Analysis and Select your own Dampers for ACSR, AAC, AAAC, ACAR, Alumoweld,Steel, OPGW, and ACSS cables.

Clash analysis w/graphic solution for ADSSCheck loaded & unloaded swing & static clearances between Conductor and ADSS supported on the same

structure, for both initial and final state. Conductor suspension insulator string length is taken into consideration.The loading cases, swing angles, horizontal and vertical offsets between the two cables and conductor ADSSclearances are presented in a Report. Graphically view the results in both Tranverse and Longitudinal Views.Graphic views may be saved to a .BMP file for emailing or viewing in other graphic software.

Compiled for 32 bit operation for Win2000Compiled to run with all of the latest Windows 2000 generation operating systems. Support of longer file names.

ACSS/TW and BPA TW ConductorsThe Conductor Database has been expanded to include the ACSS/TW and BPA TW Cables.

IEEE 738 CalculationsPerform Thermal Rating analysis with IEEE738 calculations.

Allow deletion of user created chartsThe Conductor Selection area has been improved to allow deletion of user created charts

Estimated cast rod creepSag & Tension data may be calculated for either factory Cast or Rolled aluminum rod.

Calculation of Creep for varying time periodsCreep can now be calculated for time periods greater or less than the 10 year time period that is currently used tocalculate final sags & tensions within Sag10. Check to see if your conductor has any additional creep after 20 or30 years, or use for confirming sag information on a conductor that has been in service for less than 10 years.

Save sag curve to .BMP File & Display Catenary ConstantSag Curves can be Saved to a .BMP file, for emailing or viewing in other Graphics software. The Catenaryconstant is now displayed with the Sag Curve.

Help ScreensHelp Screens have been added to Sag10 for user convenience.

Root Failure message explanationWhen a Sag & Tension run fails due to a Root Failure, an explanation recommends possible solutions to allowproper output.

User's manual on CDThe entire Sag10 Manual and Appendices will be provided on CD to allow the user ready access to theInstructions.

Use of command line parameters when entering Sag10Command Line parameters may be used to preload a Problem File while initially entering Sag10.

Pretensioning of ACSS ConductorsA complete set of instructions are provided to allow the user to calculate conductor sags during and after an ACSSConductor has been pre-stressed.

Spoiler Loading on CableA routine to allow calculation of the loads created by adding PLP spoilers to the cable, and their affect on the Sag& Tension output.


5/48



1.2 Features of Alcoa Sag10TM

for WindowsTM

Version 3.0

Adjustment of High Temperature CreepOptional calculations can be performed that account for the effect of aluminum compression at elevatedtemperature conditions. The program provides default values for built in aluminum stress, ASTM strand lay ratiosand allows user entry of optional values.

Adding New Conductors to the Data filesThe Add new conductors feature has been integrated into the Windows program, making it much easier to use.Data from other conductors may be prompted onto the screen and edited to create a new conductor, or entered asentirely new data.

Adding New Stress-Strain ChartsThe ADD new Stress-Strain charts ( Sag10.Pgm ) feature has been integrated into the Windows program, makingit much easier to use. Data from other chart #s may be prompted onto the screen and edited to create a newchart, or entered with entirely new chart data.

Conductor Selection Lookup ListIt is now possible to find the conductor that you are looking for by scrolling thru a pulldown list. This is especiallyhandy if you do not remember the name and/or stranding of the conductor that you need.

Custom Conductor DatabaseA custom conductor database has been created that allows the user to add his favorite conductors to a his owncustom list. The user may then use a pulldown menu to select a conductor from his own custom selection list.

Copper and Copperweld Conductor DatabasesHard drawn Copper and Copperweld Conductor Databases have been added to the list of available conductors.

Old NESC K Factor for Copper and SteelThe old NESC K factor for copper and steel calculations has been added to allow proper simulation of older NESCcalculations.

Graphic Display of Galloping Ellipses between 2 Different Structure Types

The user may optionally enter different attachment points and insulator types and/or lengths for structures at eitherend of a galloping span and generate resulting ellipses.

Gallop Button for Load TableA Gallop command button has been added to the Load Table area to ensure the Load Table includes theappropriate Load conditions required for calculation of graphic Galloping Ellipses.

Medium Ice Load addedThe new NESC Medium loading condition of 32 Deg F, .25-inch ice, no wind has been added to the MediumLoading Default conditions.

Quantity of Conductors Displayed in the Galloping EllipsesThe quantity of conductors graphically displayed in the Galloping Ellipses may be varied between 1 and 4conductors.

Ruling Span CalculationSpans within a ruling span can now be entered into a table. The spans within the table can then be calculated forruling span, saved as a file for future recall and editing, and transferred to the stringing sag tables.

Calculation of Total Conductor LengthWhen a list of spans are provided for Stringing Sag Tables, the Total Conductor Catenary Length is calculated forthose spans over level ground and for the range of selected stringing temperatures and corresponding horizontaltension (one length for each temperature and tension). The calculated ruling span for those spans may also bedisplayed.

Year 2000 Compliant


6/48



The output files are dated with a 4 digit year that will allow dated output for the year 2000 and beyond.

ADSS Cable - Variable Coefficient of Thermal ExpansionThe Calculations for ADSS cables now allow the user to enter the Cofficient of Thermal Expansion as a variablerather than as a fixed value.

ADSS Cable - Three Moduli of Elasticity: Initial, Final, 10 Years CreepThe Calculations for ADSS cables now allow the user to enter three moduli of elasticity, that will exactlycharacterize the stress-strain chart for each individual AFL-ADSS cable.

Grid Lines for Sag CurvesGrid lines may optionally be added to the Sag Curve Graphic output, to allow easier alignment of the curve with theusers background grid.

Printing of Inclined SpansThe Inclined Span output may now be printed via a print command in the Inclined Span Calculation area.

Stringing Sag Table Output in InchesThe Stringing Sag Table output may be shown in Inches only, rather than Feet & Inches.

Calculation of Ruling Span VariationsEach span within a ruling span has a variation from the ruling span sag & tension caused by change in span

length. Ruling Span Variation calculates the amount of that variation.

1.3 Features of Alcoa Sag10

for Windows

Version 1.1

ADSS, OPGW, & ACSS Cable calculationsCalculates Sag & Tension, Stringing Sag Tables, Clipping Offsets, Catenary Curve and Galloping Ellipses forAlcoa Fujikura Ltd.s (AFL) All Dieletric Self Supporting Cables (ADSS), Optical Ground Wire & AluminumConductor Steel Supported.

New Options for Formatting of the OutputHorizontal and Vertical Sag may optionally be displayed as separate columns in lieu of Resultant Sag. Thisallows calculation of horizontal conductor blowout and actual ground clearance sag under wind load conditions.

Adjustment of Rime Ice densityAllows the calculated Rime Ice density to be selected by the user rather than always using a preset rime icedensity of 37 psf.

Spacer Cable CalculationsInput and output for spacer cable were modified for greater conformity with Hendrix Wire & Cable calculationmethods. NESC K Factor may be applied to all cables or only the messenger cable at the users discretion.

New Metric FeaturesGalloping calculations and graphic display of the galloping ellipses is now available for metric calculations.The Marker Ball and Spacer calculations have been improved for metric calculations.

British Sag DemoA Demo version of Sag10 is available with the British conductors of Centipede and Zebra.

SAG10 is a reg. TM of Alcoa Fujikura Ltd.Windows is a reg. TM of Microsoft Corp.


7/48



1.4 Differences Between SAG10

for Windows

and SAG10

for DOS

1-Create File is replaced with selecting each of the 4 command buttons on the Main Menu.

2-Retrieve File has been replaced by File - Open (Main Menu)

3-Modify Menu is replaced with selecting each of the 4 command buttons on the Main Menu.

4-Default Parameters is divided into several areas:

Options (Main Menu) contains the majority of the previous defaults.

Setup - Page Setup (Main Menu) contains the options for output display of headings, with many other choices

added.Output to Screen, Printer or File is now located on the Main Menu for convenience, and always defaults toscreen output.

Run - Sag & Tension (Main Menu) contains a menu selection for Stringing Sag Tables. This selection is nowmade after viewing the sag & tension output.

5-Save Problem File has been replaced by File - Save orFile - Save As (Main Menu)

6-Process Problem File has been replaced by Run - Sag & Tension (Main Menu)

7-Other Calculations, Inclined Spans has been replaced by Run - Inclined Spans (Main Menu)

7-Other Calculations, Offset Clipping has been replaced by Offset Clipping accessed from the Output Screen

( Run - Sag & Tension )

8-Quit has been replaced by File - eXit (Main Menu)

Printing and plotting of the Galloping Ellipses and Sag Curves is now done from within SAG10 or by switching

between applications to another graphics program of choice, rather than exiting to SagPlot. This is supplementedby the DXF file option.

For individual data entry boxes, the TAB key is used to move from entry box to entry box, rather than the ENTERkey used previously. Each box is entered in the type over mode as a highlighted cell. If an ARROW, HOME orEND key are pressed, the entry box switches to the edit mode.

For data tables, standard spreadsheet table commands are used. The TAB, ENTER, or ARROW keys are used tomove from cell to cell. Each cell is entered in the type over mode. The F2 key will highlight the cell and initiateediting of the cell. A row is inserted with Insert, a row is deleted with Delete. The Table is cleared with Clear.

Selecting a conductor is now an interactive process, where a conductor may be selected and reviewed as many

times as the user wishes prior to leaving the conductor selection area. After picking the Conductor Selection

(Main Menu) command, enter the conductor type, and codeword or other required data such as size andstranding. Pressing the Lookup Wire Data command will search the database for the required data and display it

on the form. The Lookup Wire Data command will then become disabled until a modification is made in the

conductor request. IfMain Menu orOK is picked and the requested entry data has been modified, the programwill lookup the new request prior to exiting the form.

The data output is displayed in a sizable window with scrolling capabilities. IfRun - Pause between Spans (MainMenu) is checked, the spans will display one at a time, to allow for reviewing Galloping, Sag Curves, Stringing Sag

Tables, and/or Clipping Offsets. IfRun - Pause between Spans (Main Menu) is unchecked, all of the requestedspans will calculate and display in the sizable window at one time.


8/48



1.5 Features of Current & Previous VersionsAlcoa's SAG10TM Computer Program* designed for use with the IBM PC contains:

Alcoa Graphic Method Sag and Tension with Creep Elevated Temperature Creep Inclined Span Calculation Stringing Sag Tables Offset Clipping

Processing Highlights include: User Friendly Menu Driven Screen Oriented Editing Use of enhanced video and keyboard function

Problem features are: Create, Save, and Open Problem File Built-in Temperature and Loadings Choice of Bare Wire Limits Modify Defaults and Problem File Automatic Creep Check Single Entry Increments Temperature-Spans

Automatic Conductor Data Automatic Stress-Strain Chart Selection Problem Output Designates Inputs Graphic Output Galloping Ellipses and Sag Curves Calculation of Marker Ball and Non-supporting Cable additions

The processing and problem features work together to make an easy to use self-prompting softwarepackage. Data furnished includes:

Stress-Strain Coefficients Conductor Data Base(Area, Dia., Wgt., RTS, SS Chart No.)ACSR's:Standard & British

/AW/TW/SD

AAC ......BritishAAAC .....BritishACARAW-AlumoweldST-SteelMultiplex WiresCovered Line WiresT-2 ConductorsADSS cableOPGW cableACSSACSS / AWCopperWeldCopperWeld - CopperHard drawn CopperUser Bookmarks * Copyright 1986 Aluminum Company of America


9/48



1.6 History

The Alcoa Graphic Method of sag-tension calculations was developed in 1926 by H. H. Rodee. Analysis of thestress-strain behavior of the complete conductor and its component parts form the basis for the method. It isapplicable for composite conductors (ACSR's, OPGW's) or those consisting of one metal - aluminum, copper, orsteel. SAG10 is an enhancement of the mainframe Alcoa SAGTEN program available since 1963. Theenhancements include conductor data bases, for accurate and up-to-date data retrieval of most catalogedconductors and overhead ground wires; elevated temperature creep, an important consideration today when

electrical demand taxes old designs; inclined span calculations, at times a perplexing mathematical problem;offset clipping, a solution to a stringing problem; and use of screen editing and keyboard functions inherent to theIBM-PC. In 1992, SAG10 Version 5 and SAGPLOT Version 1 were released. In 1994, SAG10 for Windows wasreleased. In 1997, Windows was updated with Version 1.1. In 1998, Windows was updated with Version 2.0. In2001, Windows was updated with Version 3.0. The new features are listed on page 1 of this manual.

1.7 License Agreement Information

The software program is furnished to the original purchaser under the license agreement written. The softwaremay be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It is against the law to copy thesoftware on any medium except as specifically allowed in the license agreement. The only warranty on this

software is on the CD-ROM, which Alcoa warrants to be free from defects in materials and workmanship. If within90 days from date of purchase the defective CD-ROM is returned, a replacement will be made at no charge. Alsowithin 90 days of purchase technical questions regarding operation of the programs will be answered by callingTech Support at

1-800-866-7385.

Definitions as they apply to SAG10 licensing:

SITE-a physical location, a headquarters building where many users conduct every day business. A SITEis not various divisions within a city, operating district, or company wide operation with multiple subsidiaries. Up to25 users is permitted.

LAN-local area network which is specific to a site. It is not a network covering a companys operatingdivisions within a geographic area. A minimum of three concurrent SAG10 users is required.

Concurrent User-software is available that monitors and controls the number of users of software at anyone time.

CLIENT SERVER-a hardware/software host centrally located to serve multiple locations. Mergers ofutilities to form huge companies has fostered the client server operation as a means of sharing expensivesoftware. A minimum of six concurrent SAG10 users is required.

To purchase or upgrade SAG10 contact customer service at 1-800-925-4815.

Technical Support is offered for the lifetime of the current version and can be obtained at the 3 locations listedbelow. For the most prompt responses, it is recommended that you email directly or email from the Website with a

complete explanation of the problem or information required.

Email: Support @ Sag10.comWebsite: www.Sag10.com/support.htmPhone: 800-866-7385


10/48



1.8 Installation

SAG10 Package Contents:1. Installation Guide and License Agreement2. Installation CD-ROM3. Registration User ID and Password Card

1.8.1 Minimum Equipment Required:

1. IBM compatible Pentium 90 or greater with at least 16 MB of RAM memory.2. Microsoft Windows 95 or higher.3. CD-Rom drive4. Hard disk with at least 20 MB of free space (5 MB used by program for file storage).5. VGA or better monitor

1.8.2 Installation - Single User1.Uninstall all previous versions of SAG10.2.Close any open applications running in Windows.3. Insert SAG10 CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive.4.If the Startup Menu does not launch automatically locate the fileStartUpMenu.exe on the CD-ROM and open the file.5.From the Sag10 Startup Menu, pick Install Sag10 3.0.

6.Make sure all other programs are not running, then click OK.7.When setup is complete, choose the OK button to return toStartup Menu.8.If the user is upgrading SAG10, and has previously modified any of theconductor data files, copy the required data files from the previous SAG10 directory to the new Sag10w directoryusing Windows Explorer.If a previous user has used ADD.EXE to modify the conductor charts, then copy the stress-strain chart file fromthe previous SAG10 directory to the default Sag10w directory, or your custom SAG10v 3.0 directory location,using Windows Explorer. If the user has NOT modified these files, then do NOT copy them.9. Any additional instructions that were too late to put in this manual will be stored in a file named README.1ST.The instructions may be viewed from the CD-Rom Menu, Windows Notepad, or any text editor or word processor.10. Continue on to "Getting Started with SAG10" below.

1.8.3 Installing and Using SAG10 On a NetworkOn a network, many users can share the SAG10 program and data files. Once SAG10 is set up on the network,the program can be run from the network server, or it can be installed onto the hard disks of individualworkstations. This document assumes that you know how to use network software to connect to network drivesand how to find files stored on network computers.Note: Every SAG10 user must either have a SAG10 Single User License, or the user's company must have aLAN/Client Server license or a Site License.

Before you set up SAG10The network must be operational, and you must have read-write access to the network directory in which you wantto install SAG10. For more information, see your network software documentation.

Setting up SAG10 on a network is a two-step process. You first install SAG10 on the network server. Then you setup the workstations, either by setting up the workstations to run SAG10 from the server or by installing SAG10 on

each workstation's hard disk. Note: Each workstation should have at least 16 MB of RAM in order to run theSAG10 program.

1.8.4 Installation of SAG10 on a Network Server1. Follow steps 1 thru 5 for1.8.2 Installation - Single User, with the exception that the drive is likely to some letterhigher than C:, such as R:\Sag10Net3\.

Although the SAG10 program directory on the server (the directory containing Sag10w3.EXE) can be either read-write or read-only, you should make it read-only after installing SAG10 to prevent users from unintentionallyoverwriting files. For more information, see your operating system documentation.

1.8.5 Installation of SAG10 on a Workstation


11/48



You can install SAG10 onto local workstations so that users run the program from the network server, or you caninstall so that users run the program from their local workstation's hard drive. You perform the followingprocedures from the local workstation on which you are installing SAG10.

1. Follow steps 1 thru 5 for1.8.2 Installation - Single Userat each workstation licensed to use SAG10. This willplace the appropriate files in the \Windows\System directories for each workstation.2a. If the intention of the user is to access SAG10 from his own hard disk, and use the network only for printingand plotting and perhaps sharing common problem files, then the installation is complete.-or-

2b. If the intention of the user is to access SAG10 from the network drive, then perform the steps below.3. In Windows Explorer, Pick Start, Programs and highlight Sag10 from the list.4. Click on the right mouse button, select Properties, Shortcut.

5. Change the Target: from the name of the local drive to the name of the server drive, such as from C:\ProgramFiles\Sag10w3\Sag10w3.EXE to R:\SAG10Net\Sag10w3.EXE if C is the local drive and R is the server drive.6. Change the Start In: from the name of the local drive to the name of the server drive, such as from C:\ProgramFiles\Sag10w3 to R:\Sag10Net (or similar).

7. Select OK to close the Properties form.8. Use Windows Explorer to delete the SAG10 files in the local drive, such as DELETE C:\ProgramFiles\Sag10w3\*.*.

1.8.6 Using SAG10 on a NetworkUsing SAG10 on a network is essentially the same as using SAG10 from a hard disk on an individual computer.

On the network, you can make a data file available to other users and allow them to make changes to the file, oryou can protect the file from changes. You can use the network server to store and exchange data files betweenusers, and many people can use a printer attached to the network server.

1.8.7 Printing over a NetworkFor information on setting up printers, see your Windows documentation. The procedures for printing over anetwork generally are the same as printing procedures for an individual computer. You use the Windows Setupprogram to set up all printers available to you. Then you choose the Page Setup command on the Setup menu inSAG10 and choose the Printer Setup button to select a printer for use with SAG10 and to change the settings forthe active printer. If you have installed more than one printer, when you start SAG10 for the first time, make sureyou select the printer you will be using for your documents. If you select one printer when you format a documentand a different printer when you print the document, some fonts, point sizes, and other character formattingoptions may not be available when you print.

Note: Your network software may require you to issue a system command to make a network printer available toyour computer. For specific procedures for your network, see your network software documentation.

Special Note for BatesTM

TLCADD users:Refer to Appendix, Notes for Bates Spotting Program" for installation and additional information.

1.9 Getting Started with SAG10

1. To begin using SAG10, click on the Alcoa SAG10 icon:

2. The SAG10 Entry Screen appears with information on licensing of SAG10. Read the information. If you have

met the terms of the agreement, press OK to continue to the SAG10 Main Menu

3. Refer to Chapter 2 for more information on each Command and Menu option.

TLCADD is a registered trademark of LineSoft


12/48



2.1 EntryScreen

Double clicking on theSAG10 icon loads theprogram and the entryscreen shown in Fig.2-1 appears. The user

has 30 days in whichto register the programby going online to theAlcoa website:www.sag10.com/register.htm. The useris asked to completethe registration formfor companyinformation and willthen receive an emailwith his registrationnumber to enter into

Sag10.

If an error messageappears, refer to theAppendix on ErrorMessages".Fig. 2-1


13/48

Chapter 3 Main Menu - Pulldown Menus


2.2 Main Menu

After selecting OK at the Entry Screen, thefollowing menu in Fig. 2-2 appears. NewProblem Files are created, or existingProblem Files are edited, directly from theMain Menu. The 4 command buttons are

used to access the required data entryareas discussed below.

2.3 Create/Edit Problem File

To create a new or edit an existing Problemfile, select each of the command buttons:

Headings, Conductor Selection,

Loadings Table and Ruling SPans fromthe Main Menu. Each of the commands isdiscussed separately below.

2.3.1 Headings

The first step is to select the Headingscommand. You will be prompted to entertwo lines of heading. Each line of theheading may be up to 72 characters. These2 lines will appear at the top of the first pageof the sag & tension output, and optionally,at the top of each additional page and forStringing Sag Tables and Clipping Offsets.

Fig.2-2


14/48



2.3.2 Conductor SelectionSelecting the Conductor Selection (MainMenu) command displays the form shownin Fig. 2-3. The conductor selections arebroken down into 24 categories. Select theappropriate category for your conductortype. If none of these have the conductor

needed, select 15- Other.

After a conductor type is selected, the userwill be prompted for additional information,which will vary, depending on whichconductor type is picked. In most cases,the user may just enter the Codeword, andthe rest of the necessary conductor datawill be automatically searched and entered

from the SAG10 database. IfSelect by:

Size/Strand option is picked, a differentprompt will appear in lieu of the Codewordprompt. For2- ACSR British, 13-

Multiplex and 14- Covered Line Wire,

the only valid option is to enter the correctcodeword.

When the Lookup Wire Data command is picked, the program will search the data base for the conductor

characteristics and stress-strain Chart #, and display the values forArea, Diameter, Weight, Rated Tensile

Strength (RTS), and stress-strain Chart #. The User may then optionally modify either the Weight orChart #. Alisting of charts commonly used is shown in Appendix, List of Stress - Strain Charts".

If it is necessary to use the 15- Otheroption, it is possible to enter that information permanently into the SAG10

conductor database by using the Add to Database command. Conductor data may also be viewed thru this utility.Refer to the Section on User Bookmarks for more information.

2.3.2.1 ADSS Cable

Sag10 calculations now include AFLs AllDielectric Self Supporting (ADSS) cable.AFL (Alcoa Fujikura Ltd) does notrecommend attempting to use Sag10 tocalculate data for dielectric cable from othermanufacturers.

In order to perform ADSS calculations, firstchoose Conductor Selection from the MainMenu. After selecting 16- ADSS, thedisplayed form will appear as shown in Fig.2-4. Type in the proper values requested onthe form. These values may be obtained

from AFL for your particular cable. TheMRCL stands for Maximum RatedConductor Limit and RTS stand for RatedTensile Strength, or Rated BreakingStrength. It is important that both MRCLand RTS values be accurate in order toallow stringing the cable to the properdesign tensions. Sag10 obtains the allowedpercentage of RTS by dividing the MRCL by

the RTS. This percentage is often 50%, but may range from 45% to 63+%, depending on the particular cable. Theallowable percentage is increasing as new designs are developed. It is important that Conductor Selection be setto ADSS prior to entering the Load Table data, in order to initiate the proper Load Table limits. The ADSS inputnow prompts for the Thermal Coefficient of Expansion and for 3 Moduli: Initial, 10 Years Creep, Final, so the

Fig.2-3

Fig. 2-4


15/48



program can simulate the exact stress-strain chart for that particular design. The proper values for theseparameters can also be obtained from your AFL representative.

2.3.2.2 OPGWSag10 calculations now include AFLsOptical Ground Wire cables. AFL does notrecommend attempting to use Sag10 tocalculate data for OPGW cable from othermanufacturers.

Selecting 17- OPGW will display the form

shown in Fig. 2-5 or 2-6. Selecting by:

Catalog #: allows the user to type in AFLs

catalog #, such as GW0815. Selecting by:

Size/Strand allows the user to enter databy cable designation. If the cable does nothave alloy stranding, enter the singleleading value into the first entry cell asshown in Fig. 2-6.

2.3.2.3 ACSS ConductorsThe selection of conductor databases now include Aluminum Conductor, Steel Supported (ACSS). This is theconductor formerly called SSAC by Reynolds Metal Co. Both ACSS/AW and ACSS/TW cables are also included.

2.3.2.4 Pre-stressing ACSS ConductorsAlcoa has been asked to provide some guidance for the pretensioning of ACSS conductors. These instructions

were put together for that purpose. Be sure to also read the note below instructions (1)-(20):1) Create or Open a Problem File. Only one ruling span may be run at a time.2) Pick Load Table from the Main Menu3) Pick a Load Zone from one of the 5 available at the bottom of the form, or enter your own values.4) Enter an additional row with a stringing temperature in the 1st column.5) Tab over and enter an increased weight in the 3rd column for wind as a Negative number, generally about 4times that of the conductor weight.6) Tab over and enter a 1 in the 5th column for Code.7) Pick OK to return to the Main menu.8) Pick Run, Sag & tension calcs from the Main Menu.9) Note the initial tension for the common point in the Sag & Tension output and return to the Loading Table andadjust the negative value in the Wind column 3 if more or less pretension is desired. Repeat steps (5), (7), (8) &(9) until the desired Pretension is achieved in the Sag & Tension output.

10) From the Sag & Tension Data Menu, pick Stringing11) Enter spans and Pick OK to continue.12) Pick Final Condition.13) For the Starting Temperature, enter the same temperature that was used in (4) above. Leave Increment andEnding Temperature as 0. Pick OK to continue.14) Record the single temperature Stringing Sag data.15) Return to the Load Table and replace the stringing temperature with another stringing temperature.16) Tab over to the 3rd column for wind and adjust the value to a smaller negative number for a higher stringingtemperature or to a larger negative number for a lower stringing temperature.17) Pick OK to return to the Main menu.18) Pick Run, Sag & tension calcs from the Main Menu.

Fig. 2-5


16/48



19) Note the Sag & tension output and Return to the Loading Table, adjusting the negative value in the Windcolumn 3 until the initial and final values for all of the conditions, other than the stringing temperature commonpoint, match those of the output in step (9) above.20) Repeat steps (15) thru (19) and steps (10) thru (14) for each stringing temperature.

Note: If the user intends to pretension an ACSS conductor, it is important that he consider the following items :a) The structure design engineer must be informed of the additional loads created by pre-stressing so that he canreview the entire line for those loads.b) The design engineer needs to review in particular the additional horizontal and vertical loads applied to the

structures adjacent to the tensioner and puller during the stringing process. The engineer should design andspecify the temporary guy attachment locations for these structures, and specify minimum level ground distancesallowed between the puller and tensioner and the adjacent structures.c) The line crew manager needs to be informed of the additional loads as it may be necessary to use largerpullers and tensioners than would be used otherwise. Cable pulling may require different pulling clamps thannormally used. Additional time may be required during stringing, and will require throwing lines over the conductorto pull the conductor back into a uniform sag. The line crew may need to budget for these additional costs.

2.3.2.5 Copper ConductorsThe selection of conductor databases now include separate databases for Copperweld cables,Copperweld-Copper cables and Hard Drawn (HD) Copper.

2.3.2.6 Conductor Lookup ListIt is now possible to scroll thru a list of

available conductors for each conductortype, and thereby select the appropriateconductor without having to type the nameor remember the exact spelling.In order to select a conductor from thelookup list, first select the proper conductortype from the left column. Then click thearrow on the right side of the dropdown boxto display a list of cables as shown in Fig. 2-7. Select the applicable conductor byhighlighting and or by double-clicking the conductor. Then press Lookup

Wire Data to fill in the conductor data

boxes.In order to save the time of scrolling thruthe conductor list for future lookups, refer toSection 2.3.2.7 in order to add theconductor to set a bookmark for theconductor.

2.3.2.7 Sort Selection ListA check box has been provided just below

the Optional Conductor Selection List box. Checking the box will sort the conductor databases in alphabeticalorder for conductor types 1 to 9, 13, 14, 18, and 19. This is helpful if you wish to lookup the conductor by orderedby conductor name, rather than the normal order by conductor size.

Fig. 2-7


17/48



2.3.2.8 User BookmarksYou can now use bookmarks to store a listof the most common conductors used. Thelist of favorite conductors are then availablefor quick recall when setting up futureproblem files. The steps to do this are:1. Select a conductor and then press

Lookup Wire Data to fill in the conductordata boxes.

2. Press the Add to Database button todisplay the red form shown in Fig. 2-8.

3. Press the Add Bookmark button. Theconductor is added to the User Bookmarks.

4. Press the EXit button to return to theConductor Selection area.

2.3.2.9 Add New Conductor to

Database

This replaces the previous DOS basedADD.EXE program, simplifying the process

of adding new conductors to the existing databases. In order to add a new conductor, follow the steps below:

1. If the conductor is similar to an existing conductor, select that conductor and then press Lookup Wire Data tofill in the conductor data boxes. Otherwise, proceed to step 2.2. Press the Edit Data checkbox. This allows the user to enter new data or edit existing data in the data boxesprovided.3. Press the Add to Database button shown in Fig. 2-7 to display the red form shown in Fig. 2-8.

4. Press the Add to Type N button, where N equals the conductor type requested. The conductor is added to thedatabase for that conductor type.5. You may also bookmark the new conductor at this time by pressing the Add Bookmark button. The conductoris added to the User Bookmarks.

6. Press the EXit button to return to the Conductor Selection area.

2.3.2.10 View Existing Stress-

Strain Chart in Sag10.Pgm

DatabaseThis replaces the previous DOS basedADD.EXE program, simplifying theprocess of viewing existing stress-straincharts in the Sag10.Pgm database. Inorder to view an existing chart, follow thesteps below:1. Press the New S-S Chart buttonshown in Fig. 2-7. This will display the

Form shown in Fig. 2-9.2. Click on the Chart # lookup box topresent a list of existing chart #s. Selecta Chart #.3. Press the View Chart button. The

stress-strain data for that chart will fill in the data boxes.

2.3.2.11 Add New Stress-Strain Chart to Sag10.Pgm DatabaseThis replaces the previous DOS based ADD.EXE program, simplifying the process of adding new stress-straincharts to the existing Sag10.Pgm database. In order to add a new chart, follow the steps below:1. Press the New S-S Chart button shown in Fig. 2-7. This will display the Form shown in Fig. 2-9.2. Fill in all of the data boxes provided in the form. The required data may be obtained thru your AFLrepresentative.

Fig. 2-8

Fig. 2-9


18/48



3. Press the Add Chart button. The data will be added to the Sag10.Pgm database. Warning: If the chart alreadyexists in Sag10.Pgm, the earlier data will be retrieved rather than the most recent entry.

2.3.2.12 Delete User Added Stress-Strain Chart from Sag10.Pgm DatabaseThis new feature allows the user to remove any Stress-Strain Charts from Sag10.Pgm that he has added inhimself and would now like to remove for various reasons. In order to delete a chart, follow the steps below:1. Click on the Chart # lookup box to present a list of existing chart #s. Select a Chart #.2. Press the View Chart button. The stress-strain data for that chart will fill in the data boxes.3. Press the Delete Chart button. The data will be removed from the Sag10.Pgm database. If the chart is an coreAFL chart, the Delete Chart button will show as disabled.

2.3.3 Loadings TableSelecting the Loadings Tablecommand displays the form shownin Fig. 2-10. The table is ready forindividual inputs or automaticloadings. An initial record entry of60 F, 0, 0, 0, 2 is automaticallygenerated. This is the standardcheck for creep. Any entry with azero value for the tension entryand a 2 for code entry, will allowthe program to check for creep. Ifall such entries are removed,creep will not be checked, andincorrect data may result. In sucha case, the output also will read

Creep is NOT Considered. Ifthe final sag is controlled by creep,

the output will read Creep IS a

Factor. If the final sag iscontrolled by the ice and wind fromone of the load cases, the output

will read Creep is NOT a

Factor. Fig. 2-10 shows a typical

load case after additional loadshave been added. If metric units have been selected in the Options section, units will appear as Deg C, mm Ice,Kg/M

2or N/M

2wind, Kg or N tension.

The command buttons at the bottom left of the form will generate various standard load conditions. Selecting anyof them will generate the Design Limits form shown in Fig. 2-11 & Fig. 2-12. The following pages list the loadconditions generated for each of the standard Loadings and Design Limit options possible. The load conditionlimits differ for ADSS in that both Alcoa and NESC limits generate a maximum limit of 50% of RTS.

Clear Loads will clear all loads from the table and generate a creep condition of 60 F, 0, 0, 0, 2.

Insert Row will insert one row at the current cursor location.

Delete Row will delete one row at the current cursor location.

Auto Temp Incr. prompts for a Temperature to increment. When the down arrow is used in the 1st column, any

blank rows will be incremented by the entered amount.Save Load File allows you to store your loadings, and reuse them for creating or editing other problem files. Youwill be prompted for a file name. Enter a file name, using .LOD as the extension.

Open Load File allows you to then retrieve any previously saved load files. You will be prompted for a file name.Selecting OK will clear out any previous entries and retrieve the loadings in the .LOD f ile.

Additional entries may be made in any order up to a total of 50. A sorting process will organize the problem file intoproper temperature/load order. Temperature (Deg F or C), radial thickness of ice (in. or mm. or negative value forRime ice or wet Snow), horizontal wind load (Psf, Kg/M

2, or N/M

2), tension limit (Lb, Kg, or N) or % RTS or

negative value for sag, and limit code values are placed within fields.

Fig. 2-10


19/48



Glaze ice is based on a density of 57 Lbs/ft3. Rime ice or wet Snow is assigned a default value of 37 Lbs/ft3. One

of the new features for Sag10 is the ability to adjust the density of the Rime ice by selecting the Rime Ice Densitycommand button or press -R. Type in the new value and press to return to the Load Table.

Tensions may be inserted as % of RTS (Ex: .5 for 50% RTS) or in Lbs. Limit Code 1,2 or 3 is used in the far rightcolumn. 1 is used for initial, 2 for final. Limit entries may be tensions or sags. Sags are entered as negativenumbers. Code 3 designates elevated temperature.

Bare weights are supplied and loaded weights are calculated based on data from conductor files (or user input)

and are displayed in report printout. Negative wind values may not be used in problem files with Marker Balls orCables added.

Pressing the GalloP Loads button will insert the loads required to calculate the Galloping Ellipses. These load

conditions are normally only inserted if NESC Heavy Loads are selected. Refer to section 4.2 Gallop for moreinformation on galloping calculations.

There are 2 recommended methods for printing the Loadings Table. In either case, select the Loadings Tableform, with the desired load conditions in the table.Method A) Press - from the Loadings Table form. Then, activate a graphic word processor,such as MS Wordpad or Word, and press -V. The Loadings Table form will paste into the word processor.Print from the word processor.Method B) Press "Save Load File" in the Loadings Table form. Enter a file name, such as MYLOADS.LOD and

press OK. The extension for load files are .LOD. Activate a word processor, such as MS Wordpad or Word. Openthe MYLOADS.LOD file. Highlight the text and select a fixed pitch font such as Courier New. If you want the tableheadings, you will have to type them in manually. Print from the word processor.

Selecting one of the Loading commands at the left bottom area of the form willgenerate NESC Heavy, Medium, and Light Loading, respectively, as shown in theloadings that follow. These function keys will erase any data previously entered.Tension limits shown are % RTS. However, % RTS, Lbs. tension or amount of

Sag may be used. NESC Limits indicate maximum tensions allowed by code.

Alcoa Limits are more conservative and are recommended for maximum wireand line durability. Selection of one these Function keys prompts the user with theform shown in Fig. 2-11 :

NESC Heavy Load NESC Medium Load NESC Light Load

Alcoa Limits Alcoa Limits Alcoa Limits

TEMP ICE WIND TENSION CODE TEMP ICE WIND TENSION CODE TEMP ICE WIND TENSION CODE

Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb 1

0 .5 4 .5 1 15 .25 4 .5 1 30 9 .5 1

32 .5 32 .25 30 .333 2

-20 0 30 .25

0 .333 1 15 1 30 2

0 .25 2 15 2 60

0 15 90

30 30 120

60 2 60 2 167

90 90 212

120 120

167 167212 212

Fig. 2-11


20/48




NESC Limits NESC Limits NESC Limits


Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb

0 .5 4 .6 1 15 .25 4 .6 1 30 9 .6 1

32 .5 32 .25 30

-20 0 60 .35 1

0 15 60 .25 2

30 30 60 2

60 .35 1 60 .35 1 90

60 .25 2 60 .25 2 12060 2 60 2 167

90 90 212

120 120

167 167

212 212


No Limits No Limits No Limits


Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb

0 .5 4 .5 1 15 .25 4 .5 1 30 9 .5 1

32 .5 32 .25 30

-20 0 60 2

0 15 9030 30 120

60 2 60 2 167

90 90 212

120 120

167 167

212 212

* NESC Limits are reduced to .50 (50%) for ADSS cables

Pressing the GalloP Loads button will insert the 2 loads below into the current load case, in order to allowcalculation of the Lissajous ellipses. This is required for all load cases except NESC Heavy, which already includethese 2 load conditions.

GalloP Loads

TEMP ICE WIND TENSION CODE

Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb

32.0 .50

30.0


21/48



Selecting the Calif. HeaVy orCalif. LiGht commands generate California Heavy Loading and California LightLoading, respectively, as shown in the loadings that follow. These commands will erase any data previously

entered. Tension limits shown are % RTS. However, % RTS, Lbs. tension oramount of Sag may be used. NESC Limits indicate maximum tensions allowed by

the California GO 95 code limits. Alcoa Limits are more conservative and arerecommended for maximum wire and line durability. Selection of one thesecommands prompts the user with the Design Limits form. Selection of one theseFunction keys prompts the user with the form shown in Fig. 2-12 :

California Heavy Load California Light Load

Alcoa Limits Alcoa Limits

TEMP ICE WIND TENSION CODE TEMP ICE WIND TENSION CODE

Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb Deg F Inch Lb/Ft2 % or Lb

0 .5 6 .5 1 25 8 .5 1

32 .5 25 .333 1

-20 25 .25 2

0 .333 1 25

0 .25 2 60 2

0 90

30 120

60 2 167

90 212

120

130

167

212


NESC Limits NESC Limits



0 .5 6 .6 1 25 8 .6 1

32 .5 25

-20 60 .25 1

0 60 .25 2

30 60 260 .35 1 90

60 .25 2 120

60 2 167

90 212

120

130

167

212


No Limits No Limits



0 .5 6 .5 1 25 8 .5 132 .5 25

-20 60 2

0 90

30 120

60 2 167

90 212

120

130

167

212

NESC Limits are reduced to .50 (50%) for ADSS cables

Fig. 2-12


22/48



2.3.4 Ruling SpansSelecting the Run,Ruling SPans command from the Main Menudisplays the form shown in Fig. 2-13.

Up to 50 spans may be entered. Spans may be generated singly, orin increments. Units are Feet or Meters, depending on optionselected. The common editing keys are similar to typical Windowsspreadsheets. Keystrokes specific for the Span table are explainedbelow:

Main Menu orOK ends the current span entry/edit session andreturns to the Main Menu.

Insert Span will insert one span

Delete Span will delete one span

Clear Span will clear all of the spans in the table

will switch from type over mode to edit cell mode

Series of Spans command prompts for the input shown in Fig. 2-14 below

and then generates the requested values for the span table.

2.3.5 Output RedirectionThe data output option box previously on the Main Menu screen has now been replaced with Print options on theSag & Tension data menu bar. Refer to Section 4.9 Output for details.

Fig. 2-13

Fig. 2-14


23/48



3.1 File Commands (Main Menu)

Selecting File (Main Menu) displays the sub menu shown in Fig. 3-1.

3.1.1 File New (Main Menu)is selected to clear all previous file problem data.

3.1.2 File Open (Main Menu)

is selected to open a problem file. The standardWindows file opening form is displayed as shown inFig. 3-1. A sample file named SAMPLE.PRF hasbeen included and may be opened for practice. It isrecommended that all problem files be given a .PRF

extension.

3.1.3 File Save (Main Menu)is selected to save a new or an existingproblem file. If the problem has not yet beenassigned a name, a standard Windows filesaving form similar to Fig. 3-2 will display. It isrecommended that all problem files be given a

.PRF extension.

3.1.4 File Save Asis selected from the Main Menu to save aproblem file under a new name. The standardWindows file saving form is used, similar to Fig.3-2.

It is recommended that all problem files be given a .PRF extension.

3.1.5 File eXit (Main Menu)is selected to close SAG10 and return to Windows.

Fig 3-1

Fig. 3-2


24/48



3.2 OptionsSelecting Options will display the form shownin Fig. 3-3. This is similar to the 'Defaults' areain the DOS versions of SAG10. The format hasbeen rearranged, however, for convenienceand to better meet the standard Windowsformat. The following options have beenmoved to other areas:

1. The Stringing Sag options have been movedto the Sag & Tension Output Screen. It is nolonger necessary to decide ahead of timewhether or not to view the Stringing SagTables. See Section 4.4.2. Headings for 2nd page have been moved toSetup - Page Setup. See Section 3.3.2.

For the current Options area, the defaultvalues or the last selected option is displayed.Use the Tab key to move through the optionalgroups. The alternate choices may be selectedby using the right or left ARROW keys. Checkboxes may be toggled with the spacebar. Main

Menu orOK returns to Main Menu. The

Options set by the user are saved as part ofthe problem file.

Below is a detailed explanation of each default selection.

3.2.1 Elevated Temperatures, Input (default = unchecked)When Elevated Temperature Input box is checked, the message shown below appears on the Options form. Thismessage is a reminder that it is still necessary to indicate what temperatures to check, and for what time intervals.Refer to Elevated Temperature Creep below for complete information on elevated temperature entry. Fig. 3-5also appears.

Note: Elevated Temperature Points RequireCode = 3 in Loading Table

** Modify Load Table before running **

3.2.2 Elevated Temperatures, Output Strain (default = unchecked)This default is only considered if the Elevated Temperature Input Default shown above in Section 3.2.1 equals"Yes". If so, then the output will include a line of data at the first elevated temp creep point, indicating normal (EC)and elevated temperature creep (ECRP). This is shown in Fig. 3-4 below, followed by 60 Deg F temperaturew/creep output. Refer to Section 3.2.2.1 for complete information on elevated temperature entry.

Creep is a function of time and temperature. The time/temperature that will cause the maximum micro strainincrease in elongation is selected and converted to a temperature differential.

3.2.2.1 Elevated Temperature CreepThe following steps are required to generate elevated temperature calculations. If any of the steps are left out, theoutput will not reflect the proper output:

1. Select Options (Main Menu).

2. UnderElevated Temperatures, mark the Input checkbox. Optionally, mark the Output Strain check box.Refer to Section 3.2.2 for explanation of Output Strain.

Fig. 3-3

Ec = 468.26 Ecrp = 1159.0460.# .00 .00 .00 1.075 28.31 4766.

Fig. 3-4


25/48



3. The Elevated Temperature Creep form shown in Fig. 3-5 will appear. Enter the length of time at which theconductor is expected to experience elevated temperatures over the life of the line is required. Entries are in hoursand Deg C. Typical entries might be:

4. Select RoLLed orCAst Rod from the option box as shownin Fig. 3-5. Creep characteristics between rolled and cast rodare different. Cast rod exhibits less creep than rolled rod.Conductors manufactured prior to the early 1970s are likely tohave been made with rolled rod.

5. If the conductor selected is all-aluminum (AAC, AAAC,ACAR) or an ACSR with strands of 84/19, 84/7, 45/7, 20/7,18/1, 42/7, 76/19, 72/7, and 36/1 (ACSR's with less than 7-1/2% steel by area), the values entered into the table shown inFig. 3-5 will be used in the elevated temperature calculations.(The actual times and temperatures shown in table are enteredby user).

Elevated temperature creep of ACSR's with more than 7-1/2%steel by area is less than room temperature creep and can be

ignored.1 If the user has chosen an ACSR with more than 7 1/2% steel, the program will issue a warningmessage, toggle the Elevated Temp Input Default to "No", and the Elevated Temp Table will be bypassed.

6. Select Loadings Table from the Main Menu. Select a standard load from the 5 command buttons and theproper entries will be automatically generated. An additional record (row) will be generated for each temperature ator above 60 Deg F. (16 Deg C.), and assigned a code value of 3. The temperatures from the ElevatedTemperature Table in Fig. 3-5 will be converted to Deg F, and included in the Loadings Table also, with a codevalue of 3. If temperatures less than 16 Deg C. were added, SAG10 will ignore them as they are not affected byelevated temperature.

If the user is entering a non-standard loading, it is then necessary to enter the Elevated Temperatures manually.All temperature values in the table at or above 60 Deg F should have a 2nd entry with a code value of 3. Each ofthe temperatures in the Elevated Temperature Table in Fig. 3-5 should be converted to Deg F, and included in theLoadings Table also, with a code value of 3. As an example, if the Elevated Temperature Table has a temperatureof 125 Deg C included, then the Loadings Table should have an equivalent entry of 257 Deg F, with and without acode value of 3. This is shown below in Fig. 3-6.

This creates in the output the comparison of sag at 257 Deg F. with and without elevated temperature creep. Inthe Sag & Tension Output, the elevated temperature creep line is identified by a # sign.

Creep is a function of time and temperature. Thetime/temperature that will cause the maximum micro strainincrease in elongation is selected and converted to atemperature differential. A printout of normal creep (EC)and elevated temperature creep (ECRP) is available byrequesting Output Strain in the Options menu area. Theprogram ETCR.EXE on your SAG10 diskette is based onthe papers described below and will provide thetemperature differential used by SAG10 in determining

elevated temperature sag values. For background onelevated temperature creep the following papers may be researched:

l. J. R. Harvey, R. E. Larson - Use of Elevated Temperature Creep Data in Sag-Tension Calculations, IEEE Paper 69 TP 674-PWR.2. J. R. Harvey, R. E. Larson - Creep Equations of Conductors for Sag-Tension Calculations, IEEE Paper C 72 190-2.3. J. R. Harvey, R. E. Larson - Technique to Include Elevated Temperature Creep in Sag-tension Calculations, IEEE T&D Conference andExposition April 1-9, 1979.4. W. B. Zollars - Aluminum Conductor Elevated Temperature Considerations, Seminar sponsored by Georgia Power Co., the Aluminum

Association, and EPRI on the Effects of Elevated Temperature Operation on Overhead Conductors and Accessories - May 20, 1986, AtlantaGeorgia.

Fig. 3-5

Fig. 3-6


26/48



3.2.3 Account for Aluminum CompressionSAG10 Vers. 2.0 corrects an error in the previous version relating to effects of creep at elevated temperatures.The error caused the increases in sag at elevated temperatures to be overestimated. It occurred only underconditions where the aluminum in ACSR was slack.

This error arose from the method used in previous versions for representing effects of creep at elevatedtemperatures. The elevated temperature increment in creep was simulated by a fictitious increment in conductor

temperature. The method in effect assigned a significant part of the creep increment to the steel core, actually onepart creep strain to the steel for each two parts assigned to the aluminum. In actuality, there is little or no creep ofthe steel. The method is accurate for conditions where the aluminum in ACSR is not slack. However, it leads to anestimate of the so-called kneepoint temperature that is too high, and that leads to overestimates of increases insags. In Vers. 2.0, all of the elevated creep strain increment is assigned to the aluminum, so that sags are correcteven when the aluminum is slack. Refer to Appendix, Theory of Compressive Stress in Aluminum of ACSR andAppendix, Some Effects of Mill Practice on the Stress Strain Behavior of ACSR.

3.2.4 Separate AL & STL TensionThe basis for the Alcoa Graphic-Method of sag and tension is stress- strain testing. When stress-strain tests areperformed on ACSR, composite data (aluminum combined with steel) and single data (that of the steel only) arepossible. The Graphic Method, when dealing with ACSR derives the stress-strain data of the aluminum portion bysubtracting the available steel data from that of the composite. Whenever different temperatures are considered ina sag and tension problem, transposition of the steel and aluminum portion by use of coefficient of linear

expansion is used. At each temperature, therefore, the components are added vectorially to form the composite.Since the separate aluminum and steel tensions are always available, the default option of separate aluminum andsteel tensions is offered. Separate tensions can be a valuable tool when evaluating operation of ACSR's at hightemperatures. ACSR's with large percentage steel will exhibit zero tension on the aluminumstrands at high temperatures. This means added sag will be attributable only to the elongation of the steel - alower value since the coefficient of expansion of steel is half that of aluminum.

3.2.5 Tensions Avg Vert (At Supports) Horiz (At Sag)The default used for tension is the average value. This is the tension the conductor "sees". Options for tensioncomponents at the support or at the "belly" of the sag are available. The support value (vertical) includes theweight of wire whereas the sag value (horizontal) subtracts out the weight of the wire. Tension at support is usedin tower design calculations. Horizontal tension is used in offset clipping and inclined span options. Formulas usedfor leveled spans are as follows:

T = P + WD/2H = P - WD/2

Where: T = Tension at support, Lbs.H = Horizontal tension at center of span, Lbs.P = Average tension, Lbs.W = Conductor weight, Lbs./ft.D = Sag, ft.

For the incline span case formulas are presented in Appendix () Inclined Span Sag Example.

3.2.6 Display Extra Column No % RTS H/W Horz & Vert SagThis option adds columns to the Sag & Tension Output for Final & Initial tension as either

% RTS refers to Percentage of Rated Tensile Strength orH / W is the Horizontal Tension divided by Weight. This is often referred to as the "Catenary Constant" or "C"

value orHorz & Vert Sag displays the resultant sag as horizontal and vertical components.

An example is shown in "Appendix G13, Percent RTS, H / W or Horz & Vert Sag Example ".

3.2.7 Units English English-to-Kg Kilogram NewtonThere are four options available for Units:

English - English Input and Output in Pounds, Feet or Inches, and Deg. Fahrenheit.

English-to-Kg - English Input and Metric Output in Kilograms, Meters or Millimeters, and Deg. Centigrade.

Kilogram - Both Input and Output are in Kilograms, Meters or Millimeters, and Deg. Centigrade.

Newtons - Both Input and Output are in Newtons, Meters, & Deg. Centigrade.


27/48



The Sag Curves and Galloping Ellipses are now displayed and printed in both English and Metric Units. Refer toAppendix, Notes for Metric Users' for more information.

3.2.8 NESC K New Old Old (Steel & Cu)Occasionally it is necessary to distinguish between NESC 5th or 6th Edition and the rounded-off K factor of theNESC 7th Edition. The Old designates 5th or 6th. The Old (Steel & Cu) should be used as required to matchcalculations for steel or copper cable for the older NESC manuals.

3.2.9 T-2TM ConductorAny of the ACSR, AAC, AAAC, or ACAR may be calculated as T-2 conductor, also referred to as TTwo. Theweight, strength, and area of the wire are doubled, the diameter is considered to be 1.637 times as large as the

single wire for wind resistance calculations. If the T-2 selection is made, the conductor description will indicate use

ofT-2. This option is not available for Line Wire or Multiplex, attempting to run such a combination will reset TTwo

to unchecked. The TTwo option may also be set in the Conductor Selection area.

When radial ice is applied to T-2 conductors, the ice layer is calculated as a uniform layer of the radial thicknessrequested over both diameters for the area exposed to the air. Since the 2 conductors are touching, no ice isapplied to the interface area between the 2 conductors.

3.2.10 Attachments to Wire No Marker Balls Cables PLP Spoiler

An attempt has been made to cover many of the common situations that may occur as a result of adding markerballs or cables to a supporting conductor or messenger. However, it is not expected that all possible situations willbe covered by the methods included in this program. If a situation arises that does not fit the options available, itmay be necessary to calculate manually, or to use an approximate result. For situations that are covered by theMarker Ball or Cable Default option, see "Appendix G9, Marker Ball Example" and "Appendix G10, Non-Supporting Cable Example".

The weight of a Marker Ball (or Cable) is multiplied by the quantity of Balls (or Cables) and added to the TotalAdditional Weight. This total weight is evenly distributed over the span length. Radial ice is applied as a uniformlayer over the Balls (or Cables), as well as over the conductor. Wind pressure is applied over the cross sectionalarea of the Balls and conductor (or Cable and messenger). Radial ice will increase all diameters, and resultingwind areas, by twice the radial ice thickness.

3.2.10.1 Marker BallsMarker Ball Selection will generate the prompt screenshown in Fig. 3-7.

Span OptionsIf Marker Balls are to be placed on one single span,deadended on both sides, then select Attachments

to Wire, Marker Balls from the Options Settings.

When Run - Sag & Tension (Main Menu) isselected, fill out the data requested in the promptscreen shown in Fig. 3-7.

If Marker Balls are placed on all spans within a rulingspan, and the weight is evenly distributed among all

spans, then the results may also be obtained directly.Sum up all of the span lengths, quantities, and

additional weights. Fill in the prompt screen shown in Fig. 3-7, using the calculated sums for span length, quantity,and additional weight. The diameter and weight for one ball is used.

If the span with Marker Balls is a single span within the ruling span, such that it is not deadended on either side,then additional calculations must be performed to determine the sag & tension information within that span. Referto "Appendix G11A & B, Determining Data on One Span" for an example problem.

Fig. 3-7


28/48



Design Condition Applied Before or AfterIf the span is being designed for marker ball attachment, and the user would like to keep the loadings withinspecific design limits, then the user should select After Attachment. This will ensure that the design conditionsare met under the worst load case, after installation of balls and additional weights.

If the span was strung at some previous date, and marker balls are being added as an afterthought, then the user

should select Before Attachment. This allows the original design conditions, prior to marker ball addition, tocontrol. When this option is selected, special attention should be paid to the resulting data. It is possiblefor the data, with balls attached, to exceed design limits. If this situation occurs, it may be necessary torestring the span, or to reconsider the plan of adding balls to the span. Refer to Appendix G9, Marker BallExample".

When the Marker Ball option has been selected, the following data appears in the middle of the sag & tensionrun, serving as a break between the sag & tension data before and after the balls are installed. The 2nd lineindicates the quantity of balls, span, diameter and weight of one ball, and the additional weight (such as totalweight of the vibration dampers) as the last item.

IfSTringing Sags are requested from the Output Screen, the following data will be created:

Initial Initial data prior to adding balls.

Final Final data with balls attached.

Final W/Load Final loaded data with balls attached.

3.2.10.2 Non-supporting spacer cable, installed after stringingCables selection from the Options Settings will generate the prompt screen shown in Fig. 3-8. One or more

cables may be added to a conductor or messengerby selecting Attachments to Wire, Cable in

Options. When Run - Sag & Tension is selected,the prompt screen in Fig. 3-8 will appear. Severalcables may be hung in a non-supporting fashionfrom a single supporting cable. Each of the non-supporting cables must be of equal diameter andweight. The weight of additional items, such ashangers, must be calculated by the user as anevenly distributed weight and entered in Lb/Ft (Kg/Mor N/M for metric). This should be done by manuallysumming the total weight of additional attachments,and dividing by the total span length. This is themost convenient method for most users, where theadditional weights are spacers placed at regularintervals.

Two new items have been added to the form to

accommodate the method used by Hendrix Wire &Cable for calculating loads on messenger cable. Hanger Ice Load Factor for .5 Ice is assigned a value of 1.8. This

adds an ice loading weight to the cable spacers. Another option has been added to Apply the NESC K Factor to:

Only the Messengeror to Each of the Cables and Messenger Wire. The NESC manual does not clearly definewhen the K factor should be applied, so both options have been offered to allow for the users own discretion. Formore information on Hendrix calculation methods, contact Hendrix Wire & Cable.

Cable Options

Situations that ARE covered by the Cable Option in SAG101. Spacer Cable installed after stringing.

Situations that are NOT covered by the Cable Option in SAG10. These situations are better covered by themethod explained in section 3.2.10.3 below.

Above: Initial Data Prior to Marker Ball Installation

Below: 10. Marker Balls in 2000. Feet, Dia= 24.0 IN , Wt= 16.0 Lb + 64 Lb

Fig. 3-8


29/48



1. Any non-supporting cable in direct contact with the messenger, such as figure-8 cable or lashed cable.2. Any pre-assembled non-supporting cable that is strung at the same time as the messenger, such asfigure-8 cable.

Design Condition Applied Before or AfterIf the span is being designed for cable attachment, and the user would like to keep the loadings within specificdesign limits, then the user should select After Attachment. This will ensure that the design conditions are metunder the worst load case, after installation of cables and additional weights.

If the span was strung at some previous date, and cables are being added as an afterthought, then the usershould select Before Attachment. This allows the original design conditions, prior to cable design, to control.

When this option is selected, special attention should be paid to the resulting data. It is possible for thedata, with cable attached, to exceed design limits. If this situation occurs, it may be necessary to restring thespan, or to reconsider the plan of adding cables to the span. Refer to "Appendix G10, Non-Supporting CableExample".

When the Cable option has been selected, the following data appears in the middle of the sag & tension run,serving as a break between the sag & tension data before and after cables are installed. The 2nd line indicates thequantity of cables, diameter and weight of one cable, and the additional weight, such as total weight of the hangersas the last item.

IfSTringing Sags are requested from the Output Screen, the following data will be created:

Initial Initial data prior to adding Cables.

Final Final data with Cables attached.

Final W/Load Final loaded data with Cables attached.

3.2.10.3 Non-supporting cable, pre-assembled or lashedIf calculations are needed for non-supporting cables pre-assembled to a messenger prior to stringing, the Cableoption in the Default area should not be used. Instead, use the method described below.

1. Determine basic information on the messenger cable, such as area, diameter, weight, RTS and chart #.Determine the diameter and weight of the hung cable.2. Select 15- Otherfrom the conductor selections listed in Fig. 2.3. When prompted, enter the area of themessenger and weight of the cables plus messenger. For diameter, select the combined diameter exposed to thewind. Enter the RTS of the messenger cable.3. Select the chart # for the messenger cable.4. If the cables are in direct contact, such as with lashed cable, the actual amount of combined ice build-up willvary depending on the configuration of cable quantities and diameters. As a result, all calculations assume themost conservative situation, that each cable will be covered with a uniform layer of the radial ice specified in theloadings table. If this is too conservative, it is up to the user to calculate an appropriate reduction of ice, and thenreduce the radial ice indicated in the loadings table accordingly.

Above: Initial Data Prior to Cable Installation

Below: 3. Non-Supporting Cable(s) Added,Dia=1.123 In ,Wt=1.456 Lb/F + .210Lb/F


30/48



3.2.10.4 PLP SpoilersCalculations have been added to account for the horizontal andvertical loading created by PLP Spoilers. Selecting PLP Spoilers willcreate the prompt screen shown. Fill in the requested data and pickContinue. The output will show the following data and the conductorweight for each load condition will reflect the additional loads createdby the spoilers.

Added: 4 Spoilers on 1000 Ft span weighing 14 Lb increasing windload by 5%

3.2.10.5 Estimated Cast Rod CreepIt is now possible to calculate Sag & tension data for either Cast orRolled aluminum rod. Previously all calculations, other than the elevated temperature option, were calculated withRolled rod. The Cast rod generates less overall creep than Rolled rod. In order to switch the calculations to CastRod, pick Cast Rod from the Options Screen. The output screen will then show the line below.

Creep IS a Factor Cast Rod

3.2.10.6 Creep Time at StressFinal Sag & Tension data is calculated assuming 10 years of conductor creep. It is now possible to calculate theFinal creep that would result from a longer or shorter time period. A shorter time period may be helpful inevaluating conductors that have been in air for any time period less than 10 years. A longer time period may behelpful to see if any additional creep may occur if a conductor has been in the air for 20 or 30 years. Enter the timeperiod in days, with 3650 days equal to 10 years.

3.3 Setup Commands (Main Menu)

Setup displays the sub menu shown below in Fig. 3-9.

3.3.1 Setup - Print Setupdisplays the standard Windows form shown inFig. 3-10. Refer to the MS Windows User'sGuide for details on use of Print Setup.

Fig. 3-9

Fig. 3-9

Fig. 3-10


31/48



3.3.2 Setup - Page Setupdisplays the form shown in Fig. 3-11. The left margin affects theprinted output. The top and bottom margins affect the formatting ofheadings and page breaks for screen, printer, and file output. Thereare 2 Header Options for the first page and 4 Header Options for allother Sag & Tension pages, as well as the STringing Sag Tables

and the Offset Clipping. The default settings are no headers ormargins.

3.3.3 Setup - Fontsdisplays the form shown belowin Fig. 3-12. Only Fixed PitchFonts may be selected.SAG10 requires that theCourier Newfont be loadedinto Windows. If the properfonts are not currently installedon your computer, refer to theWindows Control Panel, Fontsfor information on loadingaddition fonts.

Fig. 3-11

Fig. 3-12


32/48



3.4 Run Commands (Main Menu)

3.4.1 Run - Sag & TensionRun displays the sub menu shownin Fig. 3-13.This selection performsthe sag & tension calculations andshould be executed only after allother options have been set, such

as those underOptions andSetup. Examples of sag andtension printouts are found in"Appendix G, Example Printouts".See Chapter 4 for details of the Sag

& Tension Output Screen. Explanation of Error Messages that might occur due to failure of the calculations arefound in the Appendix.

3.4.2 Run - Pause between Spanswill allow all of the selected spans to run consecutively without pausing for such options as Galloping, Sag

Curves, STringing Sags orOffset Clipping. If there is only one span to run, then this option does not affect the

output. IfMarker Balls orCables have been selected and Pause between Spans is unchecked, there will be noquery for changing quantities of Marker Balls or Cables. If a large number of spans are selected and a Warning

Message is received during calculation that indicates "Out of Memory" or "Output Exceeds Buffer Size", then itmay be necessary to either use the Pause between Spans option, or to reduce the number of spans by breakingthe spans into two separate Problem Files. When these messages are received, the Print to File output will not beaffected, but the screen output will be incomplete.

3.4.3 Inclined SpansRun-Inclined Spans willdisplay the form shown in Fig. 3-14. There are times when thecombination of long span anddifference in elevation createsdifficulties in sagging conductor.Stringing sags generated by the

graphic-method are for levelground spans and are based onthe average tension (Pav) of theconductor. Depending on thespan length and difference inelevation the low point of sagmay fall beyond the lowersupport, as shown in Fig. S1 ofAppendix, Inclined Span SagExample". If this occurs, the

equivalent span, normally arrived at by calculating the chord span, must be found by an iteration process whichpinpoints the D2 sag and S1, distance from the lower support to the belly of the sag at D2. The inclined spancomputer program calculates the proper inclined Span length (SL) and average tension (Pav) which would beused in SAG10. Use of these values produce an accurate value of D sag to use in sagging. The D1 sag isprovided in the output of the program. D1 and D sags resulting from use of the SL and Pav generated by theprogram apply only to the original horizontal tension input, i.e., a 60 Deg F. initial horizontal tension would Yield D1and D sags at 60 Deg F. initial. A sample problem is available as Appendix, Inclined Span Sag Example".

The Print Output button will send the results to the printer, using the margins and 2nd page headings indicated in

Setup, Page Setup and the Fonts selected in Setup, Fonts

Fig. 3-13

Fig. 3-14


33/48



3.4.4 Run - Ruling Span Calccalculates a ruling span from a list of spans. To use, enter a list ofspans within a ruling span into the table shown in Fig. 3-15. Press

CalculaTe when the list is complete. The resulting ruling span

calculation shows in the box above the CalculaTe button. Pressing

the Append button will append the calculated ruling span to the

bottom of the existing ruling span list. Pressing the Replace button

will remove any existing ruling spans from the list and replace themwith the calculated ruling span. To Save the span list for future use,

press the Sav

galloping acamanual

Documents