galileo awareness programme€¦ · - public applications (police, civil protection, emergency...

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_1

GALILEO AWARENESS PROGRAMME

From EGNOS to Galileo,Europe is Offering

Satellite Navigation services

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_2

THE CONTEXT

“A Worldwide Approach”

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_3 3

Existing Systems

GPS - United States of America:- Fully operational with 24 satellites- 27 satellites currently in orbit- Worldwide millions of civil users- US promise for free of charge availability to civil users- Selective availability switched off in May 2000- Updates decided: GPS IIF, 2nd and 3rd Civil freq. (L2C, L5)- Foreseen evolution : GPS III- Military control

GLONASS - Russian Federation:- Around 7 satellites operational- Last Launch : December 2002- Few civil applications- Military control

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_4 4

Augmentations to Existing Systems

GPS/GLONASS are augmented by Satellite Based Augmentation Services (SBAS)

- USA : WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System)

- EUROPE : EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service)

- JAPAN :

• MSAS (Multifunctional Transport Satellite Augmentation System)

• QZSS (Quasi Zenith Satellite System)

- INDIA : GAGAN

- CHINA : BEIDOU

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_5 5

The European Approach (1)

EGNOS - Civil augmentation to military GPS and GLONASS

(Wide Area Differential corrections, integrity, GPS like signal)

- 2 Inmarsat / 1 Artemis Geo Transponders

- Interoperable with WAAS and MSAS (ICAO standard, seamless service)

- Pre-operational EGNOS Signal already available through Testbed since early 2000

- Operational Signal in 2004

- Initiative of the European Commission, Eurocontrol and ESA

EGNOS is the first step towards Galileo

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_6 6

The European Approach (2)

Galileo- Global Navigation Satellite System

- Under Civil Control

- Independent but compatible and interoperablewith GPS and GLONASS

- With service guarantees

- Operational by 2008

- Initiative of the European Commission and ESA

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_7 7

European Motivation

Galileo 4 main arguments

Political

European independence and sovereigntyIndustrial politics

Social

Better and new services for the citizensImproved safety of transport systems

Environmental benefits

Economic

Global market sharesGlobal competitiveness of all segments of the Value Chain

EmploymentEfficiency of transport industry

Technological

Technological lead to European industryExplore synergy of a number of technologies

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_8 8

Galileo Programme Key Features

Market driven, commercially orientedGlobal Positioning, Timing and Search and Rescue servicesWorldwide coverage (including Northern & Southern latitudes)Built-in Global System Integrity Provision for additional Regional Integrity ComponentsSatellite-only services Services

- OS: Open Service - CS: Commercial Service - SoL: Safety of life- PRS: Public Regulated Service- SAR: Search and Rescue

(extension of COSPAS-SARSAT features)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_9

EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENT

Setting the Scene

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_10 10

EU Members

European Union 15 members

Will join the EU in 2004

Will join the EU in 2007

Candidates to join the EU

EEA

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_11 11

ESA Members

Members of ESA programs:

15 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United KingdomCanada

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_12 12

European Organisations

European Parliament and European Council

European Parliament

- Approval of annual budgets

- Consultative role (hardly comparable to national parliaments)

- Steadily increasing importance

European Council (Heads of State; Ministers)

- Legislative role

- Presidency changes every 6 months

- Interface between Member States and Commission

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_13 13


European Commission

European Commission (EC)- Executive role- Makes proposals to EU Council(s)

“ La Commission propose, les Etats Membres disposent ”- EC has “its” own budget; Member States decide only on priorities

within given budget lines- Main Directorates General (DG) involved in Galileo:

• DG TREN (Energy and Transport)• DG INFSO (Information Society) • DG Research• DG RELEX (External Relations)

EC is a Supra National BodyEC is a Supra National Body

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_14 14

European Space Agency (ESA)

Created by a ConventionBudgets are coming from:

- Mandatory Programmes (GNP share per country) - Optional Programmes (according to national interest)

The Executive interfaces directly with Member States (in Council, Committees and Programme Boards)Member States decide on Programme content, budgetary envelope and annual allocation according to executive proposals


ESA is an Intergovernmental OrganisationESA is an Intergovernmental Organisation

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_15 15


EUROCONTROL

European Organisation for the safety of Air Navigation

Created in 1960 (EUROCONTROL Convention)31 Member states:Role: to co-ordinate the development of a uniform system of ATM throughout EuropeServices:

- Air traffic controller training - Air traffic flow management - Regional control of airspace - Development of innovative technologies and procedures- Collection of air navigation charges, - Civil/military cooperation

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Private Sector

Private sector is key for - commercial orientation (secure revenues)- efficient management- financing

Public Private Partnership (PPP) should be based on a concessionstructure with a clear legal relationship between the public sector and a private sector company formed to deploy and operate the systemSteps:

- The Joint Undertaking for the development phase- The concession for the subsequent phases

Grouping of industries already started

…

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_17 17

Galileo Interim Support Structure

Overall Presentation

It is a structure working under a support contract of EC, and is locatedin BrusselsThe main tasks of this structure are to provide support to:

- the definition of the infrastructure, services, mission requirements - the assessment and proposals for the private sector participation in the

programme- standardisation- the integration and promotion of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation

Overlay Service) - the consolidation and maintenance of the overall Galileo Programme

work-plan, elaborated jointly by the Commission and ESA The GISS is followed by the Joint Undertaking

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_18 18

Joint Undertaking

Mission - Management and financing of the development and validation phases- Selection of the Concessionaire for the preparation of the next phases :

• Full deployment • Operations and exploitation

- Support the local elements and users receiver/applications development- Help to mobilise funding for next phase

Legal Status- Joint Undertaking acc. to article 171 of the EU Treaty- Legal Personality

Members- Founding members: EC, ESA- Possible future members:

• European Investment Bank• Private Companies

(after concession awarding to avoid conflict of interest)• Third Countries

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Joint Undertaking

Single effective management body for Galileo combining public and private fundingDecision Making Process

- Board decisions taken by simple majority- ESA and EC each 40% of voting rights

Structure

Set up: 2002-2005Seat: Brussels

JOINT UNDERTAKING JOINT UNDERTAKING ORGANSORGANS

Administrative Board

DirectorExecutive Committee

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Joint Undertaking

Galileo Management (from end 2003 to 2005)

ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD

GALILEO JOINT UNDERTAKING

Executive Committee Director

Infrastructure(Ground/ Space)

Application Development

Concession Preparation

FOUNDING MEMBERS POSSIBLE FUTURE MEMBERS

European Investment Bank

Private Companies

Third CountriesEuropean Community

European Space Agency

ESA/JU agreement

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_21

GALILEO COSTS AND REVENUES

A Solid Basis for a Public Private Partnership

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_22 22

Royalties ServiceRevenues

CHIP MANUFACTURERS PRODUCTS SERVICE

PROVIDERS

PRIVATE CUSTOMERS

GALILEO OPERATING COMPANY

Chip

Price

Product

Price

Service Charge

ROYALTIES ON CHIPSET SALES

SERVICE REVENUES VIA SERVICE PROVIDERS

Source: PWC Final Report 2003

Potential Revenue Scheme

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_23 23

050

100150200250300350400450500550600

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

M €

Operator Purchase Revenue Operator Service Revenue

Source: PWC Final Report 2003

Sources of Revenues

Projected Market Revenues for the Galileo Operating Company (2001 Prices)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_24 24

Sources of Revenues

Revenues for the GOC from Chipsets and Services by Service Type

Open Service Commercial Service Safety of Life Public Regulated Service

70

375

520 550

100

200

300

400

500

600

Million €

2010 2015 2020 20250

100

200

300

400

500

600

Time

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_25 25

Social Benefits

Source: PWC Final Report November 2001

NPV (Net Present

Value)

Annual Values (M€ at 2000

prices)Description of benefits

2008-202020202010Years

7,4763,381166Improvements in air traffic

control cost savings for airlines

17,787

4,864

5,447

7,686

2,638

1,667

329

81

82

TOTAL

Marine Navigation

Time Savings for passengers

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_26 26

PPP Mechanisms

Calendar

2008200720062005200420032002

Development Phase

Deployment Phase

Operation

EoI

Initial bid phase

Business PlanDevelopment

Concession

Conceding authority

Joint undertaking

10 weeks

14 weeks

35 weeks

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_27

GALILEO HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Milestones and Phases

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_28 28

The Decision Process Towards Galileo

1994 - 1999

EGNOS offer (ESA, Commission, Eurocontrol) to InmarsatAutumn 1994:

ESA Member States approve EGNOS ProgrammeOct. 1998:

EU Transport council endorses Galileo Resolution17 June 1999:

ESA Ministerial Council approves GalileoSat Programme12 May 1999:

GNSS-2 Forum discusses technical, legal and institutional aspects

2nd half 1998:

Council of Transport Ministers requests elaboration of European Position on GNSS

March 1998:

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_29 29

The Decision Process Towards Galileo

2000 - 2002

EC Council release of 100 M€ to start the development phase

5 April 2001:

Start of ESA Phase B2Mid 2001:

Decision of EU Transport Council to start next phase(450 M€) and to create the Joint Undertaking (published 21 May 2002)

26 March 2002:

European Summit provides positive signal and intends for decision in March 2002

14/15 Dec. 2001:

EC Council refers decision on phase C/D to European Summit

7 Dec. 2001:

Approval by ESA Ministerial Council of phase C/D budget (550 M€)

15 Nov. 2001:

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_30 30

Programme Phases

Preliminary Studies: (1998-1999)- ESA: Comparative System studies- EC: Concept studies

Galileo Definition Phase (2000-2001)- ESA: Baseline System Design + technology developments- EC: GALA, GEMINUS, INTEG, SAGA, SARGAL and GUST study

Galileo Development & Validation (2001-2005)- ESA: Preliminary System Design (up to mid 2003), detailed design, development and in-

Orbit validation- EC: GALILEI study (up to mid 2003), 6th FP (2002-2006)- JU: oversee the development and validation phase, launch concession scheme

Galileo Full Deployment (2006-2007) and Operations (2008 - …2028)- Full Deployment and Long-term Operations

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_31 31

Master Schedule

Development and Validation Deployment Operations and Maintenance

1.25 Billion € 220 Million € per year

1 Test Satellite & 4 Operational Satellites

Ground Infrastructure

2.15 Billion €

26 Satellites

Ground Infrastructure

Joint Undertaking GALILEO ConcessionaireEC/ESA

Routine Operations and Replenishment

48 months 24 months 20 years

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_32

GALILEO SERVICES DEFINITION

A Design Based on Civil Users Needs

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_33 33

The Galileo Services

Galileo Satellite-only services (provided by Galileo Signal-In-Space only)- Open Service (OS) - Commercial Service (CS)- Safety of Life Service (SoL)- Public Regulated Service (PRS)- Support to the Search and Rescue Service (SAR)

Galileo locally assisted services- Galileo SIS plus local additions for improvements of performances

EGNOS services - Wide area differential corrections- Integrity messages- GPS-like ranging signals

Galileo combined Services- Galileo + other satellite navigation system (SBAS, GPS, GLONASS,...)- Galileo + other non-satellite navigation systems (LORAN C, mobile systems,…)- Galileo + communications systems (GSM, GPRS, UMTS,…)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_34 34

Galileo Satellite-only Services (1/2)

Open service- Mass market applications- Competitiveness with other GNSS open services and their evolutions- Interoperability with other GNSS systems (dual receivers)- Free of charge

Safety of life- ICAO and IMO regulations- Service guarantees- Certification-liability

Commercial service- Added value services (higher accuracy, data broadcast, authentication)

with respect to the open service- Service guarantees- Interface with Service Providers

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_35 35

Galileo Satellite-only Services (2/2)

Public Regulated Service- Public applications (police, civil protection, emergency services,…)- Critical and strategic applications (energy, telecommunications,…)- Continuity and robustness- Controlled access and service denial through encryption

Support to the international Search and Rescue effort- Compatible with international SAR: COSPAS-SARSAT- Improvement of accuracy of locations of distress beacons- Near real time detection- Return link for acknowledgement message from SAR operators to distress

emitting beacons, to improve SAR operations efficiency

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_36 36

Services Coverage and Availability

Global coverage is required for the satellite-only services and for the integrity function

Global coverage comprises the whole Earth surface (including Northern and Southern latitudes)

Unobstructed visibility down to a masking angle of 10 deg. over horizon

Availability shall be better than 99.8% over life-time for standard services, and better than 99.9% over life-time for the Safety of Life services

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_37 37

Open Service

Performances (positioning)

GlobalCoverage

Dual FrequencySingle FrequencyCarriers

Based on dual-frequency measurements

Based on simple model

Ionospheric correction

Not Applicable

Integrity risk

Integrity

Availability

Time-To-Alarm

99.8 %

Alarm Limit

H: 4 mV: 8 m

H: 15 mV: 35 m Accuracy (95%)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_38 38

Open Service

Performances (timing)

99.8%Availability30 n sec.Timing Accuracy wrt UTC/TAIGlobalCoverage

Three FrequenciesCarriers

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_39 39

Open ServiceSignal Mapping to Service

Provision of Navigation and Timing FunctionsBased on Freely Accessible Signals and/or Data

10 McpsData 50 sps

Pilot Channel

E5b L1

10 McpsData 250 spsPilot Channel

BOC(2,2)Data 250 spsPilot Channel

E5a

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_40 40

Commercial Service

Signal Mapping to Service

Based on the OS standard ProvisionsAdditional provision commercial encrypted Data Access to signals in the E6 bandUsers gain access through external service providers

5 McpsData 1000 spsPilot Channel

E6

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_41 41

Safety of Life Service

Performance

3 service levels for integrity have been defined:

Level A- operations with horizontal and/or vertical guidance, with short exposure time,

and with stringent dynamic conditions (aviation, some rail and road applications)

Level B- aviation operations in the range from en-route to Non Precision Approaches

Level C- maritime operations (ocean/costal navigation, port approach, restricted waters

and inland waterways)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_42 42


Performance

SRDMRD

H 4 mV 8 m

Dual carrier

99.5 %

1x10-5/15 s

3.5 x 10-7/150 s

6 s

H 12 mV 20 m

H 4 mV 8m

Dual carrier

99.5 %

Level A: 8x10-6/15 s Level B: 1x10-4-1x10-8/hLevel C: 3x10-4/3 h

Level A: 3.5x10-7/150 s Level B: 1x10-7/hLevel C: 10-5/3 h

Level A: 6 sLevel B: 10 sLevel C: 10 s

Level A: H 40 m V 20 mLevel B: H 556 mLevel C: H 25 m

H 15 mV 35 m

Single carrierPerformance requirement

Availability of integrity

Continuity Risk

Integrity risk

Time-To-Alarm

Alarm Limit

Integrity

Accuracy (95%)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_43 43



Based on the OS standard ProvisionsAdditional Integrity DataAdditional Signal-in-Space Accuracy (SISA) information

E5a

10 McpsData 50 sps

Pilot Channel

IntegrityData SISA10 Mcps

Data 250 spsPilot Channel

E5b

BOC(2,2)Data 250 spsPilot Channel

L1

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_44 44

> 99.8%Availability

6 messages of 100 bits each per minuteAcknowledgement Data Rate

Bit Error rate < 10-5 for communication between beacon to SAR ground stationQuality of Service

Communications from beacon to SAR ground stations less than 10 minForward System Latency Time

Each satellite capable to relay signals from up to 150 simultaneous active beacons

Capacity

Search and Rescue Service

Performance

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_45 45

Public Regulated Service

Performance

Dual-FrequencyCarriers

Based on dual-frequency measurementsIonospheric correction

99.5 %Availability

100 nsecTiming Accuracy w.r.t. UTC/TAI

10-5/15 sContinuity Risk

Integrity risk

Time-To-Alarm

H:20-V:3510 s

3.5 x10-7/150 sec(Under evaluation)

Alarm Limit

Integrity

H: 6.5 mV: 12 mAccuracy (95%)

GlobalCoverage

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_46 46



Access to signals in E6 and E2-L1-E1Governmental Encrypted Codes and Data

BOC(n,m)m Mcps

Data TBC spsPilot Channel

BOC (10,5)5 Mcps

Data TBC spsPilot Channel

E6 L1

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_47 47

Signal Structure

Modulation E5

1207.14 MHz1176.45 MHzCarrier Frequency

N / A

Pilot Channel

- 155 dBW

25 bps/ 50 sps

10.23 Mcps

Data Channel

Open Service – Safety of Life

N / A

Pilot Channel

- 155 dBW

125 bps/ 250 sps

10.23 Mcps

Data Channel

UMRP (10°)

Data/ Symbol Rate

Chip Rates

Services

E5a E5b

Open and Safety of Life Services

Commercial ServicePublic Regulated Service

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_48 48

Signal Structure

Modulation E6

-158 dBW

CS

N/A

5.115 Mcps

25%

BPSK (5)

Pilot Channel

-158 dBW

CS

500 / 1000 sps

5.115 Mcps

25%

BPSK (5)

Data Channel

Commercial Service

-155 dBWUMRP (10°)

BOC (10,5)Modulation

PRS

To be specified

5.115 Mcps

50%


Supported Services

Data Symbol Rates

Chip Rates

Power Ratio

Services



E6

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_49 49

Signal Structure

Modulation E2-L1-E1

-160 dBW

OS / SoL

N / A

2.046 Mcps

25%

BOC (2,2)

Pilot Channel

-160 dBW

OS / SoL

125 / 250 sps

2.046 Mcps

25%

BOC (2,2)

Data Channel

Open Service – Safety of Life

-155 dBWUMRP (10°)

BOC (n,m)Modulation

PRS

To be specified

m x 1.023 Mcps

50%


Supported Services

Data Symbol Rates

Chip Rates

Power Ratio

Services



L1

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_50

GALILEO ARCHITECTURE

Offering a Global Seamless Coverage

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_51 51

Galileo Architecture

GALILEO Data Links

GALILEO Sensor Station

GALILEO Communication Network

x 29

GALILEO Control Center x 2

GALILEO Assets Control Facility

Integrity Processing

Facility

x 5Uplink StationTT&C - S-Band ULS – C-Band C-Band

Mission Uplink Station x 5

Mission Management

Office

EGNOS

z

yx

GALILEO Satellite Constellation

Walker (27/3/1) + 3 active spares

Precision Timing Facility

Orbit Sync.and Timing

Facility

Service Products Facility

Satellite Control Facility

Mission Control Facility

Space Segment

User segment

Ground segment

Signal-in-Space

Delta Integrity Process Facility

Search &

Rescue Center

UniversalTime

Coordinated

GALILEO Communication Network

x 5

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_52 52

Walker 27/3/1 + 3 in-orbit spares (1/plane)

Inclination 56 deg

Altitude 23616 km

Period: 14 hr 22 min, Ground track repeat about 10 days

Space Segment

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_53 53

Overall Spacecraft: 680 Kg / 1.6 kW class

Launcher Options: Ariane, Proton, Soyuz

Dimensions:2.7 x 1.2 x 1.1 m3

Galileo Satellite

• No apogee motor• AOCS is capable to shift

the orbit position of the S/C (spare S/C)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_54 54

Galileo Payload

C-bandRX

Timing Sub-System

NavigationSignal

Generator

L-bandTX/RX

Navigation & SARS-bandTC/TM

SARUHFRX

E5

E6

L1

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_55 55

Rubidium Standard

Hydrogen Maser

On-board Atomic Clocks

Baseline is 2+2 on-board clocks

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_56 56

• Baseline is direct injection into MEO orbit

• Multiple launch capability with A5-ECB (up to 8 S/C) and with Proton (up to 6 S/C)

• Soyuz ST-2003 can launch 2 MEOs into direct orbit

• Combinations of launchers allow all phases to be fulfilled & offer flexibility

Launchers

8 Spacecraftin Ariane 5 fairing

6 Spacecraftin Proton fairing

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_57 57

Ground Segment Description

Generic Description

Galileo Control System

Galileo Mission System

Galileo Control Center

Telemetry, Tracking and Command Station

Galileo Sensor Station

(Mission Data) Uplink Station

GCS

GMS

GCC

TT&C

GSS

ULS

External RegionalIntegrity Systems

ULS10 Sites5 Sites 29 Sites

2 Centers

GSSTT&C

C-BandS-Band L-Band

GCS GMS

SAR Return LinkService Provider

Satellite LaserRanging

Service Centres

Mission ManagementOffice

Time Reference ProviderGeodetic Reference Providers

Space Segment

Leased Satellite Control Facilities

Sat/Payload manufacturers

GCC

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_58 58


Ground Control Segment

Constellation Management& Satellite Control Management & Control

of Ground Assets

L-Band Signal in Space

S-Band TC/TM and Ranging

C-BandMissionUp-Links

Ground Mission SegmentGround Control Segment

Management& Control data

SCF – Satellite Control FacilityGACF – Ground Assets Control FacilityKMF – Key Management FacilityTTC – Telemetry Tracking & Command

Key Management

TTCx5

KMF

GACFSCF

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_59 59


Ground Mission SegmentS-Band TC/ TM

and RangingL-Band Signal in Space

C-BandMissionUp-Links

GSS – Galileo Sensor StationIPF – Integrity Processing FacilityOSPF – Orbit. & SynchronisationProcessing FacilityPTF – Precision Timing FacilityMCF – Mission Control FacilitySPF – Service Product Facility

GSSULSx10 x29

GCSGCS GMSGMS

IPF OSPF

PTFMCFMGF

SPF

GACF

KMF

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_60

GALILEO SUPPORT TO COSPAS / SARSAT SERVICES

Search and Rescue Function

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_61 61

406 MHz

GEO Satellites

Mission Control Center

Local UserTerminal

Rescue Coordination

Center

LEO Satellites

1544 MHz

Rescue Team

MEO Satellites

Emergency beacon

SAR/Galileo Description

Integration of the MEOSAR Component in the International SAR Satellite System

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_62 62

SAR/Galileo Description

Full backward compatibility with COSPAS-SARSAT systemImprovement of performances:

- Multi satellite visibility- Quasi real-time distress detection- Increased distress location accuracy- Capability to identify false alarms, with relative low cost savings

Introduction of new services:- Implementation of a return link

Facilitating low-cost SAR user equipment with integrated Galileo receivers (advanced receivers)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_63

LOCAL ELEMENTS AND USER SEGMENT

To Meet the Most StringentUser Requirements

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_64 64

Local Element

Potential Performance Enhancement:- Position

• Differential Code• Differential Carrier - TCAR

- Availability• Pseudolite• Assisted Galileo

- Integrity• Time To Alarm (TTA), alarm limit, risk of misdetection

- Communication• Single or bi-directional• Voice, Data or Both

Local element AvailabilityIntegrity

Accuracy

Communications

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_65 65

Local Element

Local Elements will offer different combinations of these enhancements to various extents

Galileo Local Element will provide :- Enhanced system performance

- The possibility to combine Galileo with other GNSS, terrestrial based positioning and communication systems on a local basis (e.g. DGNSS, Loran-C, UMTS)

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_66 66

User Segment

USER TERMINALUSER TERMINALINTEROPERABLE

SYSTEMS

NAVIGATION• GPS, GLONASS…• LORAN C• UMTS

COMMUNICATION• Mobile Comm.

FUNCTION 1GALILEO

RECEIVER

FUNCTION 3INTEROPERABILITY

FUNCTION 2REGIONAL & LOCAL

SERVICES

Other functions (map matching, display,…)

GLOBAL COMPONENTS

REGIONAL COMPONENTS

LOCAL COMPONENTS

GALILEO SIS

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_67

EARLY GALILEO SERVICE DEMONSTRATION

Galileo System Test Bed

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_68 68

Galileo System Test Bed

Design and Verification Tool for the mitigation of the Galileo technological risks

Focusing the experience from European industries, institutes and agencies towards common objectives

Added value in terms of confidence, design consolidation and accelerated schedule

Early in-orbit broadcast of Galileo signals using dedicated Galileo frequency bands

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_69 69

UTC(k)

UTC(k) clocks

Experim.receiver

GPSConstellation GEO

OD&TS Processing

GSTBProcessingCentre

ExperimentalPTSData Collection

FormattingArchiveMonitoring & Cntrl

Experim.receiver

Experim.receiver

Rubidium clock

Experim.receiver

SensorStations

Internet ftp transfer

IntegrityProcessing

Two-waytime transfer

ExistingSensor StationsNetwork

Core Products DeliveryStation1 Stationn...

...

GSTB V1 Architecture

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_70 70

OD&TS Processing

GSTB Processing Centre

Data CollectionFormattingArchiveMonitoring & Cntrl

Integrity Processing

ExperimentalPTS

EXP. P/L Command &Control

EXP. P/L Verification

Galileo EXP SVSat. Control Facility

...

Real-Tim

e Com

ms. N

etwork

GPS L1/L2

S-Band TT&C,non-real time navigation messagesGSTB-V2

SIS

Galileo Experimental Satellite

GSTB V2 Architecture

Experim.receiver

Experim.receiver

CLOCK

GPS/GSTB V2 receiver Sensor

Stations

Experim.receiver

Experim.receiver

CLOCK

GPS/GSTB V2 receiver Sensor

Stations

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_71 71

1st Galileo Signal in Space in 2005

GSTB V2 Schedule

2003 2004 2005 2006

E2-L1-E1

Contingency

E5-E6Launchcampaign

Satellite phase C/D

06/0509/05

06/06 12/06

24 months

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_72

SIMULATION AND VALIDATION OF GALILEO PERFORMANCES

Galileo System Simulation Facility

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_73 73

GSSF Objectives

GSSF(Galileo System Simulation Facility) is a end-to-end simulation tool which provides high-levels models of :

- The Ground Segment, Space Segment and User Segment- The environmental effects of the navigation performance

Supports application developments:- Evaluation and comparison of technical solutions and baselines- System design and interfaces verification- Algorithm verification- Estimate Performance (Accuracy, Availability, Continuity, Integrity)- Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety (RAMS) analyses

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_74 74

GALILEO

SPACE SEGMENTSPACE SEGMENT

GPS GLONASS EGNOS

ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

IONO.

MODEL

TROPO.

MODEL

VISIBILITY

MODEL

LINK BUDGET

MODEL

DELAY

MODEL

INTERFER.

MODEL

GROUND GROUND

SEGMENTSEGMENT

SPACE-TO-GROUND NETWORK

SCFMGF MCF GACF

OSPF PTF IPF

TTC GSS ULS

USER SEGMENTUSER SEGMENT

STATIC USER

RECEIVER

MOBILE USER

RECEIVER

GSSF Functionnal Architecture

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_75 75

Simulation Results

Mean horizontal positioning accuracy (95%) achieved through the GPS constellation alone (in meters)

Results include atmospheric and local effects, the ranging performance of modernized GPS was assumed to be equal to Galileo.

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_76 76

Simulation Results

Mean horizontal positioning accuracy (95%) achieved through the use of GPS, EGNOS and Galileo (in meters)

Results include atmospheric and local effects, the ranging performance of modernized GPS was assumed to be equal to Galileo.

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_77 77

Optimum integrity (Galileo integrity, redundancy,…)Improved accuracy (better geometry,…)Increased availability (urban canyons, buildings,…):

- GPS in cities: 50 % availability- Galileo + GPS in cities: 95 % availability

Galileo and GPS

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_78 78

Interference with GPS

Max C/No GPS degradation in dB due to inter-system interference from a Galileo BOC(2,2) on L1

Max C/No GPS degradation is below 0.2 dB

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_79

A USER DRIVEN DESIGN APPROACH

Galileo Applications

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_80 80

Transport

Aeronautical Applications

Aircraft Navigation for all phases of flightSurveillance Applications (ADS-B and SMGCS)UAV guidanceFree flight

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_81 81

Transport

Road Applications

Route Guidance (including real-time traffic information)Emergency and Breakdown Assistance ServicesAutomatic Driver AssistanceFleet ManagementStolen Vehicle RecoveryTraffic Information in Public Transport

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_82 82

Transport

Maritime Applications

Maritime NavigationFishingPrecision harbour approach and dockingSurvey and inspectionDredging and cable layingMarine constructionEmergency and rescue operationsPositioning of navigation buoysInland waterways navigation

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_83 83

Transport

Rail Applications

Signalling and train control: Infrastructure data collection, End of movement authority, Supervision to buffer stops, …Passenger information: Pre-trip information, On-trip informationManagement information systems: Fleet management, Cargo monitoring, Rolling stock maintenance

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_84 84

Professional Applications

Agriculture, precision farmingFisheriesForestryCivil Engineering, Mining, OilStatic Applications, Public WorksSurveying and MappingTiming and synchronization

- Banking- Electricity network- Communication network

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_85 85

Scientific Applications

SurveyingGeodesyGeologyMeteorologyVulcanologyMonitoring dam deformations

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_86 86

Location Based Services Applications

Local Information

Navigation Assistance

Emergency Services (E 112)

Commerce

Mobile Call routing/billing

Personal Assistance

Gaming

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_87 87

Leisure

Leisure boatHikingRally raid

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_88 88

Security Applications

Crisis managementCivil SecurityEmergency servicesPoliceSearch and RescueAnti-fraud (custom)Transport of dangerous goodsEarthquake monitoring

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_89 89

GNSS Applications Oriented Projects

The EC/ESA Joint Effort for GNSS Applications

EC and ESA have launched about 100 projects/studies aimed to assessthe GNSS applications and services from different point of views(more than 60 M€)Other projects and studies will be funded by EC/ESA and Galileo Joint Undertaking in order to prepare and develop the EGNOS and Galileo User Community and corresponding market

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_90 90

GNSS Applications Oriented Project

Summary of on-going EC/ESA Projects/Studies (1)

Road (22 projects): projects aimed to introduce GNSS on car guidance, fleet management, road charging and advanced future technology for intelligent navigation

Rail (13 projects): a big effort is made to demonstrate the potentiality of GNSS for safety improvement in this domain and support to European Standards

Maritime (14 projects): control/monitoring of dangerous goods transportation, harbor safety critical maneuvers, in-land waterway navigation, support to IMO standards for vessels Automatic Identification System (AIS)

Pictures are indicative only, not exhaustive

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_91 91

GNSS Applications Oriented Project

Summary of on-going EC/ESA Projects/Studies (2)

Personal Nav (21 projects): GNSS/Mobile phone integrated solutions for “location based services”, emergency call, civil protection personnel/assets management, blind support, child/people tracking

Aviation (8 projects): classical navigation for aviation, airport ground movement management, helicopters nav, support to international standards

General: “horizontal” issues like standards, market, regulatory and legal aspects of GNSS services

Others: emerging new applications (precision farming, timing, law-enforcement)

Pictures are indicative only, not exhaustive

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_92 92

GNSS Market Size

Consolidated View of Markets up to 2001

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Ann

ualR

even

ues

($M

US)

Total

USA

Europe

Asia

Other

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_93 93

GNSS Market Size

European Market in 1999 per Application

Car Navigation73%

Aviation5%

Fleet Mgt4%

Surveying5%

Augmentation5%

Other3%

Leisure5%

Market Size €1Bn

Source: Cost Benefit Analysis EC November 2000

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_94 94

GNSS Market Size


Car Navigation23%

Mobile Phones

73%

Aviation1%

Fleet Mgt1%

Augmentation1%Leisure

1%Surveying1%


Market Size €8Bn

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_95 95

GNSS Market Size


Cars41%

personal Integrated

communications33%

Police, Fire and Ambulances

9%

Lorries and buses8%

recreationPersonal outdoor

4% Geographical

systemsinformation

1%


Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_96 96

Market Per Field

Synthesis

Market volume by sector and by region in Meuro in 2020

0

50 000

100 000

150 000

Safety of Life Professional Mass

North America Europe Asia

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_97

EGNOSEUROPEAN GEOSTATIONARY

OVERLAY SERVICE

Paving the Way Towards Galileo

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_98 98

SBAS SystemSBAS SystemInteroperability RequirementInteroperability Requirement

EGNOSWAAS MSAS

EGNOS is an integral part of 3 inter-regional systems

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_99 99

EGNOS Functional Architecture

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_100 100

EGNOS GEO SatellitesEGNOS GEO Satellites

Triple Coverage over Europe and Africa

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_101 101

International Cooperation Initiatives

EU Accession CountriesMEDALatin AmericaAFI Test BedDakarChinese Test BedIndia

CHINA

EUAccession

MEDA

Latin America

AFI

Dakar India

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_102 102

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 4020

30

40

50

60

70

Longitude (°)

Latit

ude

(°)

AOR-EIORArtemis

Monitoring Stations

Control Centers

GEO Satellites Access

Technical Centers

LAN

FU

GVLA

LB

HBK (South Africa)

ZRH

LAP

WRS

SCZ

CIAT

OR

AUS

GON

RKK

PAR

KOU (French Guyana)

SGP(Singapore)

TAV

SWA

MON(Canada)

EGI

GLGC

RK

TRO

TRD

ACR

MAL

PDM

GOL

BRN

CNR

SDCLS

B

MAD

SOF

KIR

DJA

DAB

TLS

EGNOS System Deployment in 2003

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_103 103

EGNOS Operational Trials

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_104 104

The real benefits of SISNeT are clear:

- The EGNOS signal is available even if GEOs are not visible

- The SISNET data rate is less than 1 kbps, and hence can be accessed using GSM/GPRS

Another Way to Benefit from EGNOS

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_105

GALILEO FREQUENCY ALLOCATIONS

An International Process

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_106 106

RNSS Bands RNSS Bands

ARNS Bands ARNS Bands

SARE5a/L5 E5b E6 L1E2 E1

1164

MHz

1214

MHz

1260

MHz

1300

MHz

1176

.45

MHz

1278

.75

MHz

1544

MHz

1545

MHz

1559

MHz

1587

MHz

1591

MHz

1563

MHz

1575

.42

MHz

1215

MHz

1237

MHz

L2

1207

.140

MHz

GALILEO Bands (Navigation)

GALILEO SAR Downlink

GPS Bands

Frequency Plan

Three Frequency Bands are part of the ARNS allocated bandsE2-L1-E1 and E5a/L5 are common to the GPS frequency bands for interoperability

1189

MHz

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_107 107

RNSS Allocations after WRC2000

L2 G2 L1 G1

L2 Band L1 Band

1215 MH

z

1260 MH

z

1559 MH

z

1610 MH

z

1164 MH

z

E5/L5 Band1300 M

Hz

E6 Band

5010 MH

z

5030 MH

z

CBand

New allocations decided by WRC-2000

E5a/E5b L1E6

Galileo signals

1188 MH

z

L5

New GPS signal

Other systems?

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_108 108

1164-1215 MHz Band Issues

Resolution 605

- Compatibility between RNSS and ARNS (Distance Measuring Equipment)

- Revision of aggregate pfd limit applied to RNSS (-115dBW/m²/MHz) 1215 M

Hz

1164 MH

z

1188 MH

z

DME

E5/L5 Band

E5a/E5b

L5

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_109 109


Resolution 606

- Protection of radar systems of the radionavigation and radiolocation services in 1215-1300 MHz

- GPS and Glonass operate successfullyin 1215-1260 MHz, and no additional constraints shall be placed on the current version of these operating systems

1215 MH

z

1260 MH

z

1300 MH

z

radars...

L2 G2

L2 Band E6 Band

E6

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_110 110


Resolution 604

- Protection of Radio astronomy in 4990-5000 MHz from unwanted emissions of RNSS systems operating in 5010-5030 MHz

- Radio astronomy protection is handled in a more general framework through agenda item 1.8.2 of WRC-2003

5010 MH

z

5030 MH

z

5000 MH

zastro

CBand

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_111

EUROPEAN GALILEO PROGRAMME

Offering Cooperation Opportunities

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_112 112

International Cooperation

International cooperation is essential to:- Gain maximum advantage from the Galileo programme- Help to increase European know-how and reduce the technological

and political risks of the programme- Assist technical standardization, to penetrate markets and to develop

ground-based equipment

Cooperation with third countries means solving problems such as:- System supervision and security- Technology transfer- Intellectual property and control of exports especially with regard

to dual-use goods

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_113

SECURITY

Safety and European Responsibility are at Stake

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_114 114

Security Issues

Main issues:- The Galileo service has to be reliable and safe whatever the circumstances

are- Malicious and hostile misuse of any satellite navigation system has to be

precludedConstraints:

- To protect vital infrastructure as well as the signal especially for users with safety critical and/or high security requirements, including in times of crisis

- To be able to deny the access to enemy forces in a war situation as well as other potential hostile or malevolent user

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_115 115

Threats & Risks

THREATS

FUNCTION

SYSTEM

Prevention ofMisuse of Galileo SIS

Key Management

Resistance to jamming

Guarantee of service for criticalApplications, in crisis times

Wide band signalsEncryption of PRScode and data

Resistance to spoofing

To exercise control over the service

access

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_116 116

Existing Group and Activities

GSB: Galileo security board

Composition:

- Member States representatives- Co-Chaired by EC and EU Presidency

Missions:

- Advice on system technical characteristics with regard to security- Support to the EC in its negotiations with third countries- Help to set up the future operational security framework for security

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_117

BASICS

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_118 118

For centuries we used the Sun and a clock to determine our position, the accuracy

depended in particular on the accuracy of the clocks

Navigation satellites are just artificial suns with build-in clocks, allowing a receiver to determine

the distances to the satellites and thus its position

H1 clock invention by J. Harrisonmid 18th century

Rubidium atomic clockdeveloped under ESA contract

How does Navigation Work?

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_119 119

How does Navigation Work?

Actually, a 4th measurement is needed for time determination

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_120 120

Integrity Principle

Integrity is a measure of the trust which can be placed in the correctness of the information supplied by the total systemIntegrity includes the ability of a system to provide timely and valid warnings to usersIntegrity is provided through the useof Protection Levels and Alarm LimitsApplication: Stanford diagram

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_121 121

Regional Integrity Concept

GALILEO allows the introduction of data from regional service providers using authorised integrity up-link channels, thereby making it possible to "personalise" integrity under partnership agreements with the relevant countries. A regional component is made up of

- An additional network of stations to oversee the integrity of the signals - A processing centre- A dissemination capability both via direct up-link to the satellites and via an

adequate interface with the Galileo ground segment.

Galileosystem

Regional integrity monitoring stations

Regional processing

centre

Interface

Authorizedup-link

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_122 122

Galileo website:

http://europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo

GENESIS (where you can download and subscribe to the Galileo Newsletter on line):http:// www.genesis-office.org

Useful Internet links

Navigation page on ESA website:

http:// www.esa.int/export/esaSA/navigation.html

Ref. 55_140403_007_S_V1_123 123

Contact Points

European Space AgencyApplications Directorate, Navigation Department8-10 rue Mario Nikis, F-75738 Paris CEDEX 15, FranceTel: +33 1 5369 7247, Fax: +33 1 5369 7445Email: [email protected]://www.esa.int/navigation/

European CommissionDirectorate General for Energy and Transport, Unit E.4 Satellite Navigation System (Galileo), Intelligent TransportDM28 1/64, B-1049 Brussels, BelgiumPhone: +32 2 29 56040, Fax: +32 2 296 5372Email: [email protected]://europa.eu.int/comm/energy_transport/en/gal_en.html

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