1. 1. 03 Chng I: NGUYN T Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T
2. 2. 2 Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T ITHNH PHN NGUYN T II 1 2 3 1 2 KCH THC V KHI LNG CA NGUYN T.
3. 3. . THNH PHN NGUYN T ELECTRON S TM RA ELECTRON KHI LNG V IN TCH ELECTRON Thay th bng vn bn ca bn. KHI LNG V IN TCH ELECTRON: me = 9,1094.10-31 kg. qe = -1,602.10-19 C (cu-lng) qe dng lm in tch n v, quy c 1-. - Nm 1897, Tm- xn tin hnh th nghim v tm ra tia m cc. - Tia m cc l chm ht electron (e). Electron to nn lp v nguyn t ca mi nguyn t ha hc. S TM RA ELECTRON Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T
4. 4. THNH PHN NGUYN T ELECTRON S TM RA HT NHN NGUYN T S TM RA HT NHN NGUYN T - Cc electron chuyn ng xung quanh mt ht mang in tch dng, c kch thc rt nh so vi kch thc nguyn t, nm tm nguyn t. l ht nhn nguyn t. - Nguyn t c cu to rng. VIDEO S7 Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T
5. 5. M PHNG TH NGHIM TM RA HT NHN NGUYN T CA R- D- PHO M PHNG TN S5
6. 6. THNH PHN NGUYN T ELECTRON S TM RA HT NHN NGUYN T CU TO HT NHN NGUYN T S TM RA PROTON V NOTRON CU TO HT NHN NGUYN T b) S TM RA PROTON V NOTRON Proton: - K hiu: p - mp= 1.6726x10-27 kg - in tch:1+ Notron: - K hiu: n - mn mp =1.6726x10-27 kg - Khng mang in Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T
7. 7. Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T THNH PHN NGUYN T ELECTRON S TM RA HT NHN NGUYN T CU TO HT NHN NGUYN T S TM RA PROTON V NOTRON CU TO HT NHN NGUYN T b) CU TO HT NHN NGUYN T - Ht nhn nm tm nguyn t, gm ht proton v ntron. -V nguyn t gm cc electron chuyn ng xung quanh ht nhn. - Khi lng nguyn t tp trung hu ht nhn, khi lng electron khng ng k. - Nguyn t trung ho v in: s proton=s electron
8. 8. Nu hnh dung nguyn t nh mt qu cu, cc electron chuyn ng rt nhanh xung quanh ht nhn, th n c ng knh khong 10-10m rt nhta dng n v nanomet (nm) hay angstron (A) biu din kch thc ca nguyn t v cc ht p, n, e. Bi 1: THNH PHN NGUYN T KCH THC V KHI LNG NGUYN T KCH THC
9. 9. - - - - Ch : 1nm=10-9m, 1 =10-10m
10. 10. KHI LNG NGUYN T KHI LNG TUYT I KHI LNG TNG I KCH THC V KHI LNG NGUYN T KHI LNG
11. 11. a) KHI LNG TUYT I Khi lng tuyt i l khi lng thc ca mt nguyn t, bng tng khi lng ca tt c cc ht trong nguyn t: m = mp + mn + me V d : Khi lng nguyn t H l : mH = 1,67 . 10-24g Khi lng nguyn t C l : mC = 19,92 . 10-24g b) KHI LNG TNG I Ch : Khi lng nguyn t dng trong bng tun hon chnh l khi lng tng i gi l ngt khi. Khi lng tng i ca mt nguyn t l khi lng tnh theo n v nguyn t (u) vi quy c : 1u = khi lng tuyt i ca mt nguyn t 12C. = 1,66 . 10-24 (g)
12. 12. QUAN ST M HNH NGUYN T
13. 13. S THNH PHN CU TO NGUYN T.
14. 14. CHN THNH CM N QU THY C CNG CC EM!