EXPERIMENT NO. 1

Determination of Specific Gravity by U-Tube

Year and Section:4CE-ADate Started:August 17, 2015

Group Number:5Date Finished:August 17, 2015

Group Members:Date Submitted:August 24, 2015

Leyno, Iana Renza L.Montenegro, Louis M.

Lintao, Reychito Jr. P.Montes, Mark Rainier L.

Malenab, Cesar Jr. P.Nakaegawa, Akira Q.

Medina, Mark Laurence A.Pasagui, Christal M.

1. OBJECTIVE/SThis activity aims to determine the specific gravity of an unknown liquid using U-tube manometer

2. APPARATUS AND SUPPLIESU-tube manometerBeakerDropper

3. PROCEDURE1. Pour some amounts of the liquid of unknown specific gravity into the tube until the liquid reaches a level of approximately 3mm.2. Pour water into both ends to a height of at least 9mm from the level of liquid3. Pour an additional amount of water into the right leg of the U-tube until there is a noticeable difference in water level4. Record the height of the water level and the unknown liquid in the two legs of the manometer5. Repeat steps (3) and (4) for additional trials until water is about to overflow

CLEANING PROCEDURE1. Clean the apparatus before each trial2. After the experiment, dispose the unknown liquid properly3. Clean the apparatus supply with soap and water and dry them thoroughly before returning them

4. DATA AND RESULTSTrialHeight of water (cm)Height of unknown liquid (cm)Specific gravity (sg)

cd (left)bc (right)ab (right)de (left)

14.22.94.62.90.765

24.22.84.82.90.737

34.32.74.92.90.800

44.52.555.12.90.909

54.62.45.22.90.957

64.72.355.282.90.988

Average Specific Gravity0.859

Table 1 - Results

5. FORMULAS AND COMPUTATIONS

sg = cd bc ab de

Wheresg = Specific Gravitycd, bc = Height of Waterab, de = Height of Unknown liquid

average specific gravity = sg no. of trials

5.1 Specific Gravity5.1.1 TRIAL 1sg = 4.2 2.9 4.6 2.9 sg =0.765

5.1.2 TRIAL 2sg = 4.2 2.8 4.8 2.9 sg =0.737

5.1.2 TRIAL 3sg = 4.3 2.7 4.9 2.9 sg =0.800

5.1.2 TRIAL 4sg = 4.5 2.55 5.1 2.9 sg =0.909

5.1.2 TRIAL 5sg = 4.6 2.4 5.2 2.9 sg =0.957

5.1.2 TRIAL 6sg = 4.7 2.35 5.28 2.9 sg =0.988

5.2 Average Specific GravityAve = 0.765+0.737+0.800+0.909+0.957+0.9886Ave = 0.859

6. FIGURES/DIAGRAMS/GRAPHS

Figure 1 Materials (Beaker, Dropper, U-tube manometer)

Figure 2 Unknown Liquid and Water

Figure 3 Actual Experiment

7. SOURCES OF ERRORS

In this experiment, many factors were considered that affected the determination of the specific gravity of the unknown liquid. First is human error in which the conductor of the experiment overlooked the reading especially when it comes to very small division of measurements and some bubbles that were formed are not removed. Second is Instrumental error, as for this the conductor experienced that there is a crack or slight defect in the U-tube manometer itself. And lastly is the Environmental error which is the temperature that may cause expansion of the U-tube manometer.

8. CONCLUSIONS AND REMARKSUsing U-tube manometer is one of the many methods in determining the specific gravity of a liquid. Both sides of the U-tube manometer are exposed to the air thus both sides have the same pressure applied. If the unknown liquid and water were dropped in the in the u-tube manometer, the fluid that is denser will subside at the bottom. As for the experiment the water was the one that subsided in the bottom therefore the conductors of the experiment can conclude that the specific gravity of the unknown liquid is less than 1 g/cc. CE 412L: Fluid Mechanics Laboratory | Experiment No. 1: Determination of Specific Gravity by U-Tube 1