g2 m1 study booklet

5

8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND

We had salmon, asparagus, and salad for dinner.

6


CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE

(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear. , ,

7

and connects two words NO COMMA and connects three or more COMMAS


CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE

(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana. (b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear. , ,

8


CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES

(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear. ,

9

and connects two sentences COMMA



(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear. ,

10



(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.

.

11



(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear. (e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.

.

period two complete sentences no “and” no comma

12

8-1 LET’S PRACTICE

I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.

COMMA NO COMMA

COMMAS ?

13


I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.

COMMA NO COMMA

COMMAS ?

,

14


I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger.

COMMA NO COMMA

COMMAS ?

15


I like lettuce tomato and cheese on my hamburger.

COMMA NO COMMA

COMMAS ?

, ,

16

8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR

I studied for the test, but I failed.

17


(a) The team played well but didn’t win.

(b) Is it going to rain or snow?

(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?

and, but and or “conjunctions” connect items

commas series of three or more

, , or

18


(d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick. (e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold?

I had the flu. = a sentence I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence

, ,

two complete sentences with but or or

comma

19


and but or

COMMA

NO COMMA

+

I love to eat ice cream ____ it gives me a stomachache.

20

I love to eat ice cream ____ it gives me a stomachache.


but ,

and but or

COMMA

NO COMMA

+

21


and

,

and but or

COMMA

NO COMMA

+

She goes to school, studies hard ____ gets good grades.

22


and but or

COMMA

NO COMMA

+

Would you like an apple ____ a banana.

23


or

and but or

COMMA

NO COMMA

+

Would you like an apple ____ a banana.

31

8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND

He likes pizza, but I don’t.

32

(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does. (b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t. (c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will. (d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t. (e) She isn’t at school, but he is.


does = play tennis

33

(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either. (g) I like racketball, and Jim does too. (h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either. (i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too. (j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.


34

I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.

I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.

I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.


negative + but + affirmative

affirmative + but + negative I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.

negative + and + negative

negative + and + negative

35


CORRECT INCORRECT ? OR

I love to ski, but my sister does too.

CORRECT

I love to ski, and my sister does too.

36



The man is cooking, but the woman isn’t.

37



Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does.

CORRECT

Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram has.

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9-2 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

A feather is lighter than a brick.

16


(a) A feather is lighter than a brick. (b) Feathers and bricks are lighter than horses and trucks. (c) Horses are more beautiful than trucks.

17


(a) A feather is lighter than a brick. (b) Feathers and bricks are lighter than horses and trucks. (c) A horse is more beautiful than a truck.

comparative + than

18


(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.

superlative one of a group

(e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.

19


(d) The purple box is the longest of all the boxes.

(e) The brown box is the biggest box in the group.

Everest - 8,848 m.

(f) Everest is the most massive mountain in the world.

-est or most

the + superlative

superlative

20


Jazz is the more beautiful music in New Orleans.

CORRECT YES NO

? most

21


The most famous jazz in the world is from New Orleans.

CORRECT YES NO

?

22


I like jazz more better than rap or salsa.

CORRECT YES NO

?

23

9-3 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Our company is doing better than all of our competition. We are the best!

24


ONE-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

old wise

older wiser

the oldest the wisest

add –er add –est

25


TWO-SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

famous pleasant

more famous more pleasant

the most famous

the most pleasant

use more use the most

26



busy pretty

busier prettier

the busiest the prettiest

add –er add –est end in -y change -y to -i

27



clever

gentle

cleverer more clever

gentler more gentle

the cleverest the most clever

the gentlest the most gentle

can use either

friendly friendlier more friendly

the friendliest the most friendly

28


ADJECTIVES WITH 3 OR MORE SYLLABLES

COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

important fascinating

more important

more fascinating

the most important

the most fascinating


29


IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES


good bad

better worse

the best the worst

irregular irregular

30


-LY ADJECTIVES


carefully slowly

more carefully more slowly

the most carefully the most slowly


31


ONE-SYLLABLE ADVERBS


fast hard

faster harder

the fastest the hardest

use -er use -est

32


IRREGULAR ADVERBS


well badly

better worse

the best the worst

irregular irregular

far farther/further the farthest/furthest

33


Greta

Oscar

Greta is messy, but Oscar is even _______. messier

34


The market is four miles from Rosa’s house and five miles from my house. I live _______________ from the market than Rosa does.

farther (or further)

35


I have many pleasant memories from childhood. The _____ _________ memory is going to the zoo with my grandfather.

most pleasant

46

9-5 MODIFYING COMPARATIVES

Mr. Poulos is very strong.

47


(a) My car is very old. (b) They walk very slowly on icy sidewalks.

very adjectives very adverbs

48


(c) INCORRECT: My car is very older than yours.

very comparative adjectives very comparative adverbs

INCORRECT: They walk very more slowly on icy sidewalks at night.

49


(d) Erina is much smarter than I am. Erina is a lot smarter than I am. Erina is far smarter than I am. (e) Dan reads much faster than he used to. Dan reads a lot faster than he used to. Dan reads far faster than he used to.

much, a lot, far comparative adjectives comparative adverbs

51


very

much

Trees are _____ more colorful in the spring than in the winter.

much

52


very a lot

The weather is ____ warmer in the spring than in the winter.

a lot

53


very far

The weather can be ____ warm in the spring.

very

54

9-6 COMPARISONS WITH LESS…THAN AND NOT AS… AS

Miko is not as happy as Amanda.

Miko Amanda

55


(a) A toy is less educational than a book. (b) A toy is not as educational as a book.

(a) & (b) = same meaning

56


(c) A child is not as wise as an adult. (d) INCORRECT: A child is less wise than an adult.

only not as … as

one-syllable adjectives

or adverbs

57


less…than not as…as

A lion cub is ______ old ____ a mama lion. not as as

58


less…than not as…as

A lion cub is _____ strong ____ a mama lion. not as as

2

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

The chair is being made by the carpenter.

3


(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.

(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the carpenter.

same meaning

4

by + O


(c) Carol sold the house.

(d) The house was sold by Carol.

S O ACTIVE:

PASSIVE: S

object of active subject of passive

subject of active object of by

8

The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.

10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE

ACTIVE PASSIVE

The squirrel gathered the nuts.

9

The wall was painted by Matthew.


ACTIVE PASSIVE

Matthew painted the wall.

10

The election results will be determined by the voters.


ACTIVE PASSIVE

The voters will determine the election results.

g2 m1 study booklet

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