future meaning. analyse ways english refers to the future look at how future forms are tackled in...
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Future Meaning
• analyse ways English refers to the future
• look at how future forms are tackled in teaching activities & resources
• prepare teaching presentations
How do we refer to the future in English?
• Structures– will + base form– am/is/are going to + base form– present continuous– present simple– will + be + verb-ing (future continuous)– will + have + past participle (future perfect)
Meaning
“Will” future
will + base form
“Going to” futuream/is/are going to + base form
Predictions without any obvious use of current or prior knowledge
Decisions at the moment of speaking
Intentions (not necessarily planned)
Predictions based on current evidence.
Meaning
plans & arrangements (“diary”)
fixed future events (“timetable”)
something happening at or around a particular future time
something completed by a certain time in the future.
Present Continuous
Present Simple
Future continuous
Future Perfect
How else do we refer to the future in English?
• verbs like want, hope, expect carry a future meaning (when followed by to + verb)
• modals of possibility (e.g. might, may, can)
Language Selection
• In what order should we teach the grammar points? Consider:
–usefulness
–frequency
–difficulty
The conventional order is…
• Beginners/elementary– Present continuous (arrangements): ease of
form and concept.– Going to (predictions and intentions):
usefulness, frequency and relative ease,– Will (offers, etc): usefulness
The conventional order…
• Intermediate:– Will (predictions): usefulness and frequency– if/when ...: usefulness, clauses– Might/may: usefulness, frequency and ease
• Upper-intermediate/Advanced:– Future continuous and future perfect:
relatively infrequent structures
Materials
• Look at the materials. Identify:
– the structures that are being presented
– the two concepts that are being presented
– the context(s) & methods used
– ways that the learners’ understanding is checked
Bolton, D & Goodey, N. 1999 Trouble with Verbs. Addlestone: DELTA PublishingMcGowen, B. & Richardson, V. 2000. Clockwise Pre-Intermediate, Oxford: OUPSoars, J. & Soars, L. 2000. New Headway English Course – Pre-Intermediate. Oxford: OUP
Presentations
• Your presentations should include:
• Context: a situation that illustrates the item(s) (and
contrasts them if appropriate) • Task: an activity to focus the learners on the meaning
&/or contrast
• Examples: at least three or four examples of the item in the context
• Checking: e.g. concept questions and/or timelines
Now open the envelopes…
Learner Problems
• The moment I get home today I going to play a computer game. Then to eat a sandwich.
• Once this lesson has finished I meet my friend because we go to the cinema. After maybe we take a coffee in any café.
• Once this lesson has finished I’ll go to my house. I’ll read the newspaper and prepare a nice dinner.
Learner Problems
• When I have enough money… I never will have enough money. But if I will, I will visit many countries.
• When I’m next on holiday I am spending a good time with my family.
• This time next year I will study for my final examination. I think my life won’t be much different.
Learner Problems
• In five years time maybe I am going to have a better job. I’ll like to start my own business.
• By the time I retire I hope I will save enough money for buy a nice house by sea.
Learner Problems - Pronunciation
• The children won’t go to bed.
• What’ll you do if it rains?
• Where shall we go?