future dc railway electrification system go for 9kv · why looking to a mvdc railway...
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FUTURE DC RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION SYSTEM
Go for 9kV
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
Existing Railway Electrificationsin Europe
No Electrifications
1905 1915 1950 20xx
15 kV 16,7 Hz - MVAC❖Specific generation and
distribution grid.❖Bulky substation transformers.✓No phase break.✓ AC circuit breakers.
1.5 kV or 3 kV - DC❖AC/DC conversion in substation.❖Overhead line cross-section.❖DC circuit breakers.✓ Simple traction chain embedded.✓ Substations in parallel.
25 kV 50 Hz - MVAC❖Single-phase substations.❖Neutral sections.❖Complex traction chain.✓ Supply from public grid.✓ AC circuit breakers.✓Overhead line cross-section
9 kV-MVDC
INTRODUCTION
Observation : In France, 6000 km of overhead-line supplied by 1.5 kV DC system need to be renovated:
➢ The same electrification system or converted to 25 kV AC.
➢ New MVDC electrification system.
2
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UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/0/2019 Rotterdam
Why looking to a MVDC Railway Electrification System ?
To mix advantages of the existing electrification systems- Power sharing between substations. - Three-phase power supply from public grid.- Simple locomotive on-board power converter. - Light overhead line and no inductive voltage drop.
Power electronics is mature enough - HVDC power converters.- Solid State DC Circuit Breakers.- MV drives for industrial motors are commercially available.- SiC power semi-conductors enable the realization of compact MV traction converters.
A real breakthrough for the future of rail transportation- A solution for countries not yet electrified.- A solution for DC lines renewal (copper savings, energy efficiency increase).- Easier integration of MVDC smart grid concept.
INTRODUCTION
3UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
INTRODUCTION
Determining substations distance and overhead-line cross-section
Computational Algorithm
Line parameters
Electrical and thermalconstraints
- Railroad traffic- Train power - Voltage range
Overhead-line cross-section
versus substation spacing
New Medium-Voltage DC Railway ElectrificationComputation Results
4
𝑃 = 3𝑀𝑊𝑣 =80km/h
Tim. = 5 min.
𝑃 = 12𝑀𝑊𝑣 = 280𝑘𝑚/ℎTim. = 5 min.
A. Verdicchio, P. Ladoux, H. Caron and C. Courtois, "New Medium-Voltage DC RailwayElectrification System," in IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 591-604, June 2018.
100
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700
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Substations spacing (km)
Cat
enar
y c
ross
-sec
tio
n (m
m2)
High-speed transport
6 kV 7,5 kV
Grs= 0,075 S/km
10,5 kV
9 kV
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65100
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700
Substations spacing (km)
Cat
enar
y c
ross
-sec
tio
n (m
m2)
Suburban transport Upper limit
4,5 kV 6 kV 7,5 kV9 kV
Grs= 0,075 S/km
10,5 kV
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
CONTENT
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➢ Electrification Conversion Strategy (from 1.5 kV DC to 9 kV DC)
➢ Case Study (Bordeaux-Hendaye line)
➢ Conclusion and future work
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
ELECTRIFICATION CONVERSION STRATEGY
Existing solution: 1.5 kV DC Railway Electrification System
10/15 km
Overhead line
• Low substation distance.• Heavy overhead line, cross-sections up to 1000mm2.• System originally developed for low power rolling stocks.
Rectifier
Transformer
Substation 1.5 kV
Tracks
6
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
1.5 kV
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
ELECTRIFICATION CONVERSION STRATEGY
Catenaries
Rectifiers
Transformer
Tracks
Feeder
• 9kV transformer-rectifier groups and feed-wires are added.• Intermediate 1.5kV transformer-rectifier groups are replaced by DC-DC PETs.
PET : Power electronics transformer.
First step: Three-wire supply system 9 kV -1.5 kV
7
1.5 kV
9 kV
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCDC
DCDC
DCDC
DCDC
Substation
9kV -1.5 kV
10/15 km
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
ELECTRIFICATION CONVERSION STRATEGY
Final step: 9 kV DC Railway Electrification System
• Overhead-line supplied by 9kV substations.• 1.5 kV DC transformer-rectifier groups and PETs completely removed.• DC-DC PETs or/and MVDC converter embedded in the traction-unit.• The overhead-line cross-section is reduced.• The number of substations is reduced.
Catenaries
Rectifier
Transformer
Tracks
8
d 40km < d < 100km
DCAC
M
9 kV
DCAC
DCDC
DCAC
AC
DC
Substation 9 kV DC
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9
CONTENT
➢ Electrification Conversion Strategy (from 1.5 kV DC to 9 kV DC)
➢ Case Study (Bordeaux-Hendaye line)
➢ Conclusion and future work
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
40 60 80 100 120 140 1601200
1300
1400
1500
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1700
1800
km
(V)
km 47 km 67 km 89 km 108 km 126 km 147LAMOTHE St PAUL
1.5 kV
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
10
Original power supply 1.5 kV
5th International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference.
Future DC Railway Electrification System – Go for 9kV
CASE STUDY : Bordeaux-Hendaye line
• Average overhead line cross-section = 850mm2
• 6 substations
40
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120
140
160
18:03 18:40(hh:mm)
(km
)
Trains from St. Paul to Lamothe
Trains from Lamothe to St. Paul
Railroad traffic
0
1
2
3
4
5
18:03 18:40(hh:mm)
(MW
)
Absorbed Power by trains
∆𝑉 = 30%
Pantograph voltages
Traction Power derating Under 1300 V
Rails
Contact wires
Messenger wires
Feed-wire(s)
40 60 80 100 120 140 1601200
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1400
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(V)
(km)40 60 80 100 120 140 160
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km
(V)
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Three-wire supply system 9 kV/1.5 kV
CASE STUDY : Bordeaux-Hendaye line
• Average overhead line section 850 mm2 per track.
• 2 substations and 4 PETs.
• Feed-Wires : 2 x 150 mm2.
DCDC
km 47 km 67 km 89 km 108 km 126 km 147
LAMOTHE St PAUL
9 kV
1.5 kV
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCAC
DCDC
DCDC
DCDC
∆𝑉 = 25%
0
2
4
6
8
(MW
)
18:03 18:40
(hh:mm)
Supplied power by rectifier groups 9kV DC
0
2
4
6
(MW
)
18:03 18:40(hh:mm)
Supplied power by converters DC-DC
0
1
2
3
4
(MW
)
18:03 18:40(hh:mm)
km 47
km 147
Supplied power by rectifier groups 1.5kV DC
Pantograph voltages
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
km 47 km 147
LAMOTHE St PAUL
km 53 km 77 km 97 km 118 km 138
9 kV
DCAC
DCAC
M
100 km
DC
ACMDC
AC
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CASE STUDY : Bordeaux-Hendaye line
9 kV DC
• Overhead line cross-section per track : 266 mm2
• Substations distance : 100 km
60 12080 140
(kV
)
16010040
9
9.4
9.8
10.2
10.6
(km)
Pantograph voltages
∆𝑉 = 12%
18:03 18:40(hh:mm)
9
7
1
3
5
(MW
)
km 47
km 147
Power supplied by substations 9kV DC
Rails
Contact wire
Messenger wire
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
Comparison between 9 kV and 1.5 kV system
CASE STUDY : Bordeaux-Hendaye line
22:0040
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80
100
120
140
160
14:00 (hh:mm)
(km
)
Trains from St. Paul to LamotheTrains from Lamothe to St. Paul
Railroad traffic for half day
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14:00 22:00(hh:mm)
(MW
)
Absorbed Power by trains
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Specifications
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
Comparison between 9 kV and 1.5 kV system
CASE STUDY : Bordeaux-Hendaye line
< 𝐴1.5𝑘𝑉 >= 850 𝑚𝑚2
9kV DC Overhead-Line1.5kV DC Overhead-Line
Equivalent overhead-line cross-section
𝐴9𝑘𝑉 = 266 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴9𝑘𝑉< 𝐴1.5𝑘𝑉 >
≈ 0.3
Rails
Contact wire
Messenger wire
Rails
Contact wires
Messenger wires
Feed-wire(s)
Overhead-line efficiency
𝜂9𝑘𝑉 = 0.95
𝜂1.5𝑘𝑉 = 0.89
Total Energy supplied by substations
20
25
30
35
40
1.5 kV DC 9 kV DC
Absorbed energy by trains
Losses
2.5 MWh per half day
Maximum Power supplied by substations
0
2
4
6
8
10
km42 km67 km89 km108 km126 km148
(MW
)UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency
11/02/2019 Rotterdam
CONTENT
14
➢ Electrification Conversion Strategy (from 1.5 kV DC to 9 kV DC)
➢ Case Study (Bordeaux-Hendaye line)
➢ Conclusion and future work
UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
CONCLUSIONS and FUTURE WORK
15
Moving to 9kV allows:
• Reducing the copper of the overhead line ( 70% of the cross-section that is about 20 M€ saved for 100 km).
• Reducing the number of substations compared to 1.5kV DC (about 60% less installed power).
• Increasing efficiency ( about 6%).
• Saving 2 GWh per year for 100 km (about 150 k€ per year).
Outlook:
• Very attractive for countries that need to develop an electrified railway network.
• A DC system towards which European railway companies can converge within a long-term.
Work in progress:
• Development of a Power Electronics Transformer based on SiC MOSFETs.
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The Dream
15UIC Workshop on Energy Efficiency11/02/2019 Rotterdam
DCDC
DCDC
DCDC
DCDC
DCDC
DCDC
DCAC
DCAC
Wind farm
Wind farm
EV station
AC Power gridAC Power grid
City
Energy storageSolarHVDC system
400 kV
5/15 kV 0.8/1.5 kV
63 kV
0.75/10 kV
5/15 kV0.8/1.5 kV1/10 kV100 kV
9 kVDC
DC
Thank you for your attention
• Verdicchio Andrea(1)(2)
• Ladoux Philippe(1)
• Caron Hervé(2)
• Sanchez Sebastien(1)
(1) Laplace (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion d’Energie), University of Toulouse, INP.(2) SNCF RESEAU ( Société nationale des chemin de fer Français) , Paris, Plain ST Denis.
The research team