Functionalistic and

Associationistic Theories

Presentation on Clark Leonard

Hull

& William Kaye Estes

Debi Briggs, Karen Fultz, Tina Hankins-Mines, Nikki Pascocello,

and Britt Stieferman

PSY/390 Learning and Cognition

Instructor Elizabeth Schnobrich

September 08, 2014

IntroductionClark Leonard Hull (1884-1952)

• Aptitude Testing

• Hypnosis and Suggestibility

• Principles of Behavior

William Kaye Estes (1919-2011)

• Conditioned Suppression Technique

• Statistical Learning Theory

• Stimulus Sampling Theory

CONTRIBUTIONS TO LEARNING &

COGNITION

Clark Leonard Hull

Drive Reduction Theory

Behaviorist Pioneer

Contributor to Mathematical

Psychology

CONTRIBUTIONS TO

LEARNING & COGNITION

William Kaye Estes

Stimulus Sampling Theory

Started Mathematical Psychology

Behaviorist

Hull’s Drive Theory

http://www.teachpe.com/sports_psychology/motivation.php

Arousal (Stimuli) + Need (Motivation)=

Learning (Performance)

http://truthalliance.net/Archive/News/tabid/67/ID/9146/Sugar-can-make-you-dumb-US-

scientists-warn.aspx

Estes’s Stimulus Sampling

Theory

http://www.photos-public-domain.com/2011/09/02/gradual/http://www.jumpstartmd.com/part-1-thought-distortions-thinking-

mistakes-that-de-rail-our-diets/

That is the question to be

researched

• General Theory of Learning

• Quantitative Equation on

Human Performance

• Books, “A Behavior System” and “Principals of

Behavior.”

THEORETICAL CONCEPTS

OF THE HULL DRIVE THEORY

THEORETICAL CONCEPTS

ASSOCIATED WITH SST

• Pair Association Learning

• Learning to Learn

• Response Outcome Theory

• Development of Quantitative Cognitive Science

• The Environment and Internal Factors can cause

Variability in the Learning Process

• The Learning Process is Gradual and Cumulative

CLARK LEONARD HULL

MODERN-DAY RELEVANCY

The Scientific Method which is a

system used by testing a

hypothetical answer. It is used by

formulating a question, collecting

data through observation and

experiment, and testing

hypothetical answer.

WILLIAM K. ESTES

MODERN-DAY RELEVANCY

William K. Estes theory has helped

psychological research become more

scientific and more cognitive

orientation.

Conclusion

• Clark Leonard Hull was awarded the Howard

Crosby Warren Medal from the Society of

Experimental Psychologists in 1945 (Olson, 2001,

p. 116)

• William Kaye Estes was awarded the Medal of

Science from the National Science Foundation in

1997 (Olson, 2001, p. 215)

(Society of Experimental Psychologists)

(National Science Foundation)

REFERENCE SLIDEHergenhahn, B. R., & Olson, M. H. (2001). An introduction to theories of learning. Upper Saddle

River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hovland, C. I. (1953). Clark Leonard Hull, 1884-1952. Psychological Review, 59(5). Retrieved from

http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/10.1037/h0056239

Mishra, S., Sukhdial, A., & Singh, S. N. (1995). Estes' stimulus sampling theory and massed versus

spaced advertising schedules. Marketing Letters. doi:10.1007/BF00996193

Olson, M. H., & Hergenhahn, B. R. (2013). An Introduction to Theories of Learning (9th ed.). Upper

Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Schrock, J. (1999). Clark Hull (1884-1952). Retrieved from

http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/hull.htm

Weibell, C. J. (2011). Principles of learning: 7 principles to guide personalized, student-centered

learning in the technology-enhanced, blended learning environment. Retrieved from

http://principlesoflearning.wordpress.com

Gondra, J. M. (2008). Hull, Clark Leonard. In Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (Vol. 21,

pp. 405-410). Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved from

http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2830905773&v=2.1&u=

uphoenix&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w

Image References

AFP. (15 May, 2012). Rat In maze. Retrieved from

http://truthalliance.net/Archive/News/tabid/67/ID/9146/Sugar-can-make-

you-dumb-US-scientists-warn.aspx

Teach PE. n.d. No Title. Retrieved from

http://www.teachpe.com/sports_psychology/motivation.php

Perez, J. (2013). All or Nothing. Retrieved from

http://www.jumpstartmd.com/part-1-thought-distortions-thinking-mistakes-

that-de-rail-our-diets/

Photo Public Domain. (2011) Gradual. Retrieved from http://www.photos-

public-domain.com/2011/09/02/gradual/

http://psychology.about.com/od/profilesal/p/clark-hull.htm

http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Estes.html