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Fundamentals of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
GCCC Digital Publication Series #08-07
Rebecca C. “Becky” Smyth Scott W. Tinker
Ian Duncan
Cited as: Smyth, R.C., Tinker, Scott, Duncan, Ian, Fundamentals of carbon capture and storage (CCS): presented at the Women’s Energy Network, Houston, Texas, October 28, 2008. GCCC Digital Publication #08-07.
Keywords: Monitoring-design, Overview
Fundamentals of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Rebecca C. “Becky” Smyth Gulf Coast Carbon Center, Bureau of Economic
Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin
Scott Tinker, Director; Ian Duncan, Assoc. Director for Environmental Research
Presentation to: Women’s Energy Network Houston, 10/28/08
The University of Texas at AustinMcCombs School of Business,
College of Engineering, School of Law,
College of Natural Sciences, etc.
Department of Geological Sciences
Institute for Geophysics
Bureau of Economic Geology (academic) (research)
Administrative, Outreach, State
Geological SurveyApplied Environmental
ResearchApplied Energy
Research
http://www.jsg.utexas.edu/ http://www.beg.utexas.edu/GCCC
Jackson School of Geosciences
Gulf Coast Carbon Center (GCCC)Mission: Global leadership in
research and economic implementation of large scale greenhouse gas sequestration.
Sponsors
GCCC Team:Ian Duncan, Sue Hovorka, Tip Meckel, Becky Smyth, J. P. Nicot,
Katherine Romanak, Jeff Paine, Changbing Yang + 3 new post-docs, 2 research fellows, and 3 student research assistants
Steve Bryant (UT Petro. Eng.) & Gary Rochelle (UT Chem. Eng.)
What is CCS/Geologic Sequestration?
To reduce CO2 emissionsto air from point sources..
Carbon extractedfrom coal or otherfossil fuels…
is currently burned and emitted to the atmosphere
CO2 is captured as concentratedhigh pressure fluid by one of several methods,
CO2 is transported as super-critical fluid via pipeline to a selected, permitted injection site,
CO2 injected at pressure intopore space at depths below and isolated (sequestered)from potable water,CO2 stored in pore space over geologicallysignificant time.
Slide courtesy of S. Hovorka
What is Known about Storage Capacity?
2mm
Sandstone thin section photomicrograph, Frio Fm.Blue areas were filled with brine, butnow are 10-30% filled with CO2.
Assessing Adequacy of Subsurface Storage Capacity: Microscope View
CO2 storage volume in abundant microscopic
spaces (pores) between grains in sedimentary rocks
that are now filled with brine (or locally with
oil and gas)
Slide courtesy of S. Hovorka
Global Experience in CO2 Injection: technology is mature enough to proceed
Slide from Peter Cook, CO2CRChttp://www.co2crc.com.au/
Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
GCCC/BEG working on SECARB and
SRCSP/SWCARB/SWP projects
http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/
Funding for CCS Research in U.S.
Significant offshore potential
SECARB Geologic Storage Potential
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Opportunities on Texas Gulf Coast
Slide courtesy of T. Meckel
• Coal and natural gas will be used to generate electricity in Texas and globally for several decades
• Carbon sequestration is needed to make electricity clean• Texas can be a global leader in clean fossil fuel utilization, and
generate significant revenues in the process (i.e. EOR) • Reducing CO2 emissions will not be cheap and it will take time• The premier CCS opportunities exist where coal- fired electricity, oil
production, large scale CO2 generation, and large volume CO2storage potential come together – like along the TX Gulf Coast.
• CCS will not move forward on a commercial scale until:(1) there are economic incentives (cap-and-trade/carbon credits;
as CO2 EOR is expanded and recognized as sequestration),(2) economic risks are reduced (EPA finalizes draft rules), (3) pore-space ownership is legally defined, and(4) environmental risks are more fully quantified.
CCS Summary
Bullet points 1 through 5 adapted from S. Tinker
SWP Groundwater Study over SACROC
SACROC Area Water Quality
61 wells; filtered cations; unfiltered anions
Batch Experiments: CO2 + Dockum Sediments