Functions, Dietary Sources, Requirements, and Deficiencies of B-Complex Vitamins

Functions, Dietary Sources, Requirements, and Deficiencies of B-Complex Vitamins

Vitamin Function Major Dietary Sources  B1-thiamine Coenzyme in Pork whole and enriched carbohdrate and cereal grains, legumes, meats protein metabolismB2-riboflavin Coenzyme in Milk, green vegetables, meat, carbohydrate and fish, and eggs protein metabolismNiacin - (nicotinic acid) Coenzyme in Meat, legumes, enriched carbohydrate and or whole grain cereals protein metabolismB6-(pyridoxal, Amino acid metabolism Whole grain cereals, milk, pyridoxamine, meat, and vegetables pyridoxine)Panthothenic acid Active in coenzyme A Widely distributed in many foodsB12-cyanocobalamin Nucleic metabolism Animal foods, meat and (red blood cell formation) dairy productsFolic acid (folacin) Purine metabolism Green leay vegetables (red blood cell formation) organ meatsBiotin Essential fr activity of Widely distributed in many enzyme systems foods

Some Minerals Essential to Health Some Minerals Essential to Health Mineral Best Source Important Functions Deficiency Symptoms 

Calcium Milk Normal development Retarded growth Cheese and maintenance of Poor tooth formation Sardines and other bone and teeth Rickets whole canned fish Clotting of the blood Slow clotting time of blood Vegetable greens Normal heart action Porous bones Normal muscle activity Iron use Phosphorus Meat, poulry, fish Formation of normal bones Retarded growth Milk and teeth Poor tooth formation Cheese Cell structure Rickets Dried beans and peas Maintenance of normal blood Porous bones Whole grain products tissue Normal muscle activity  Magnesium Whole grains Production of energy Hyperexcitabbility Nuts Protein synthesis Weakness Soybeans Bone-building Depression Green, leafy vegetables Acid base balance Tremors Convulsions 

Mineral Best Source Important Functions Deficiency Symptoms

Iodine Seafoods Formation of thyroxine, Goiter Iodized salt a hormone that controls Slow metabolism metabolism rate Iron Liver, organ meat Formation of hemogolobin Anemia characterized by: Oysters of the red blood cells Weakness Vegetable greens Carrying oxygen to body tissues Dizziness Dried beans and peas Loss of weight Dried fruits Gastric disturbances Egg yolk Pallor Whole grain or enriched products  Copper Liver Formation of hemogolobin Anemia (see iron) Dried beans and peas Meat Nuts Cereals

Nutrient Deficiency symptoms

Thiamin(B1) Increased sensitivity and burning sensation of oral mucosa, burning tongue, loss of taste and appetite Riboflavin(B2) Angular cheilosis, blue-to-purple mucosa, inflamed mucosa glossitis, magenta tongue, enlarged fungiform papilla. Atrophy and inflammation of filiform papilla, burning tongueNiacin(B3) Glossitis, ulcerations of tongue, atrophy of papilla, cheilosis, thin epithelium, burning of oral mucosa, stomatitis, erythemic marginal and attached gingiva, loss of appetitePyridoxine(B6) Cheilosis, glossitis, atrophy and burning of tongue, stomatitisCobalamin(B12) Stomatitis, hemorrhaging, pale-to-yellow mucosa, glossitis, atrophy and burning of tongue, altered taste, loss of appetiteFolic acid Glossitis with enlargement of fungiform papilla, ulcerrations along edge of tongue, gingivitis, erosion and ulcerations on buccal mucosa, pale mucosaBiotin Glossitis, patchy atrophy of papilla, gray mucosa

Nutrition-related complications of the oral cavityNutrition-related complications of the oral cavity

Vitamin C Odontoblast atrophy, porotic dentin formation, gingival inflammation with easy bleeding, deep-red-to-purple gingiva, ulceration and necrosis, delayed wound healing. muscle/joint pain, defects in collagen formation, petechiaVitamin A Ameloblast atrophy, faulty bone and tooth formation, accelerated periodontal destruction, hypoplasia, xerostomia, cleft lip, ketratinization of epithelium, drying and hardening of salivary glands, impaired taste Toxicity symptoms:Hypertrophy of bone, cracking and bleeding lips, thinning of epitelium, erythemic gingiva, cheilosisVitamin D, Failure of bones to heal, mild calcification to enamelCalcium & hypoplasia, loss of alveolar/mandibular bone, delayed phosphorus eruption, increased caries rate, loss of lamina dura around roots of toothPhosphorus Toxicity symptoms:Poor tooth formation and bone demineralization

Nutrient Deficiency symptoms

Nutrient Deficiency symptoms

Vitamin K Gingival hermorrhagingIron Painful oral cavity; stomatitis; thinned buccal mucosa with ulcerations; pale-to-gray mucosa, lips, and tongue; angular cheilosis; burning tongue; reddening at lips and margins of tongue; atrophy of filiform papillaZinc Thickening of epithelium, thickening of tongue with underlying muscle atrophy, impaired taste, atrophy of filiform papillaProtein Smooth, edematous tongue; angular cheilosis; fissures on lower lip; smaller teeth; delayed eruption; delayed wound healing; dental cariesSelenium Toxicity symptoms: Dental cariesFluoride Dental caries Toxicity symptoms : Enamel fluorosisMagnesium Retardation in dentin formation, enamel hypoplasia, atrophy of ameloblasts and odontoblasts, enamel hyperplasia

Groups at Nutritional Risk

Elderly Dentate status Medical Problems Polypharmacy Psychosocial issues Xerostomia Osteoporosis Low incomeIndividuals undergoing periods of rapid growth Pregnant and lactating women Infants and childrenIndividuals receiving inadequate calories or protein Eating disorders Long-term dietingMedically compromised individuals HIV infection Cancer DiabetesCertain medications or polypharmacy Alcoholics

Foods that Protect Against Dental CariesCheeseMilkNutsProducts made with xylitolMeat, fish, poultry, and eggsFat Butter Cream Cream cheese Margarine Oils Sour cream

DENTALTEAM

1. IdentifyA dental patient who

requires nutrition intervention

2. Assess. Health history

. Anthropometrics

. Laboratory values

. Dietary intake

OBTAIN HEALTH

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MAINTAIN HEALTH

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3. FormulateThe treatment plan

4. Implementstrategies