151. NEW IMPERIALISMPolicy of controlling colonies by using local rulers to

run the day-to-day affairs of the colonies. This allowed local officials to keep power as long as they operated under orders from the “mother”

nation.A) Full annexation

B) Indirect Rule

C) Protectorates

D) Establishment of “Spheres of Influence”

E) Partitioning

151. NEW IMPERIALISMPolicy of controlling colonies by using local rulers to

run the day-to-day affairs of the colonies. This allowed local officials to keep power as long as they operated under orders from the “mother”

nation.A) Full annexation

B) Indirect Rule

C) Protectorates

D) Establishment of “Spheres of Influence”

E) Partitioning

152 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEWealthy merchant family of bankers who controlled

the Italian city-state of Florence during the Renaissance era. Their subsidization of the arts, especially under Lorenzo, supported the flowering

of the Renaissance. A) Borgia

B) Pazzi

C) Medici

D) Signoria

E) Strozzi

152 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEWealthy merchant family of bankers who controlled

the Italian city-state of Florence during the Renaissance era. Their subsidization of the arts, especially under Lorenzo, supported the flowering

of the Renaissance. A) Borgia

B) Pazzi

C) Medici

D) Signoria

E) Strozzi

153 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance scholars of classical Greek and

Roman works of literature and thought who were great advocates of liberal arts education and the

importance of the individual.

A) Humanists

B) Individualists

C) Machiavellians

D) Platoists

E) Materialists

153 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance scholars of classical Greek and

Roman works of literature and thought who were great advocates of liberal arts education and the

importance of the individual.

A) Humanists

B) Individualists

C) Machiavellians

D) Platoists

E) Materialists

154 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEKnown as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except

for his sonnets, which were composed to his “lady love” who spoke no Latin.

A) Dante Alighieri

B) Giovannni Boccaccio

C) Leonardo da Vinci

D) Francesco Petrarch

E) Leonardo Bruni

154 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEKnown as the father of Renaissance Humanism. He resisted writing in the Italian vernacular except

for his sonnets, which were composed to his “lady love” who spoke no Latin.

A) Dante Alighieri

B) Giovannni Boccaccio

C) Leonardo da Vinci

D) Francesco Petrarch

E) Leonardo Bruni

155 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEItalian diplomat who lived from 1478-1529. Published the

most famous Renaissance book, “The Book of the Courtier.” This became the archetype for the “Renaissance Man,”

who was versed in liberal arts and social graces, as contrasted to the more unrefined Middle Ages knight.

A) Baldassare Castiglione

B) Leonardo da Vinci

C) Pietro Paolo Vergerio

D) Francesco Petrarch

E) Christine de Pisan

155 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEItalian diplomat who lived from 1478-1529. Published the

most famous Renaissance book, “The Book of the Courtier.” This became the archetype for the “Renaissance Man,”

who was versed in liberal arts and social graces, as contrasted to the more unrefined Middle Ages knight.

A) Baldassare Castiglione

B) Leonardo da Vinci

C) Pietro Paolo Vergerio

D) Francesco Petrarch

E) Christine de Pisan

156 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEFlorentine diplomat and historian who lived from

1469-1527. Wrote the famous essay “The Prince” and believed that it is better to be feared than loved

by the masses.

A) Lorenzo de’ Medici

B) Francesco Petrarch

C) Francesco Guicciardini

D) Niccolo Machiavelli

E) Cesare Borgia

156 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCEFlorentine diplomat and historian who lived from

1469-1527. Wrote the famous essay “The Prince” and believed that it is better to be feared than loved

by the masses.

A) Lorenzo de’ Medici

B) Francesco Petrarch

C) Francesco Guicciardini

D) Niccolo Machiavelli

E) Cesare Borgia

157 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance sculptor, scientist, engineer, architect, and painter. His most famous works include “The Last Supper” and “Mona Lisa.” He focused on the

realistic portrayal of human life.

A) Michelangelo Buonarroti

B) Giotto

C) Masaccio

D) Leonardo da Vinci

E) Donatello

157 THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCERenaissance sculptor, scientist, engineer, architect, and painter. His most famous works include “The Last Supper” and “Mona Lisa.” He focused on the

realistic portrayal of human life.

A) Michelangelo Buonarroti

B) Giotto

C) Masaccio

D) Leonardo da Vinci

E) Donatello

158 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEThe European inventor of the printing press, which allowed books to be printed quickly and economically. He used his

invention to print copies of the Bible.

A) Johann Reuchlin

B) Johann Gutenburg

C) Desiderius Erasmus

D) Thomas More

E) Rodolphus Agricola

158 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEThe European inventor of the printing press, which allowed books to be printed quickly and economically. He used his

invention to print copies of the Bible.

A) Johann Reuchlin

B) Johann Gutenburg

C) Desiderius Erasmus

D) Thomas More

E) Rodolphus Agricola

159 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEDutch scholar known as “Prince of Northern

Humanists.” He criticized the lack of spirituality in

the Church in “The Praise of Folly.”

A) Ulrich von Hutten

B) Rudolf Agricola

C) William Grocyn

D) Desiderius Erasmus

E) Johann Reuchlin

159 NORTHERN RENAISSANCEDutch scholar known as “Prince of Northern

Humanists.” He criticized the lack of spirituality in

the Church in “The Praise of Folly.”

A) Ulrich von Hutten

B) Rudolf Agricola

C) William Grocyn

D) Desiderius Erasmus

E) Johann Reuchlin

160 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE English humanist, contemporary of Erasmus, and

author of “Utopia” in which he condemned governments as corrupt, and private property.

A) Thomas More

B) Thomas Linacre

C) John Colet

D) William Grocyn

E) Peter Giles

160 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE English humanist, contemporary of Erasmus, and

author of “Utopia” in which he condemned governments as corrupt, and private property.

A) Thomas More

B) Thomas Linacre

C) John Colet

D) William Grocyn

E) Peter Giles

161 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Flemish painters who applied great attention to the details in their work, particularly in their capturing of human facial

expressions. Their altarpiece for a church in the Ghent captures the expressions of Adam and Even in a way that is

more realistic than the symbolic depiction of the Middle Ages artists.

A) Michelangelo and Raphael

B) Giotto and Masaccio

C) The Van Eyck Brothers

D) The Von Huttens

E) Hugo van der Goes and Robert Campin

161 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE Flemish painters who applied great attention to the details in their work, particularly in their capturing of human facial

expressions. Their altarpiece for a church in the Ghent captures the expressions of Adam and Even in a way that is

more realistic than the symbolic depiction of the Middle Ages artists.

A) Michelangelo and Raphael

B) Giotto and Masaccio

C) The Van Eyck Brothers

D) The Von Huttens

E) Hugo van der Goes and Robert Campin

162 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE German artist who is famous for his woodcuts and copper

engravings. Influenced by Venetian artists, he was versed in classical teachings and humanism. He was also the first to

create printed illustration in books.

A) Hans Holbein the Younger

B) Albrecht Durer

C) Lucas Cranach

D) Versucung Christi

E) Jacob Obrecht

162 NORTHERN RENAISSANCE German artist who is famous for his woodcuts and copper

engravings. Influenced by Venetian artists, he was versed in classical teachings and humanism. He was also the first to

create printed illustration in books.

A) Hans Holbein the Younger

B) Albrecht Durer

C) Lucas Cranach

D) Versucung Christi

E) Jacob Obrecht

163 THE REFORMATION Monk who was commissioned by Pope Leo X to

raise money for the Church and was sent throughout northern Germany to sell indulgences.

A) Martin Luther

B) Johann Gutenburg

C) Johann Tetzel

D) Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz

E) Ulrich Zwingli

163 THE REFORMATION Monk who was commissioned by Pope Leo X to

raise money for the Church and was sent throughout northern Germany to sell indulgences.

A) Martin Luther

B) Johann Gutenburg

C) Johann Tetzel

D) Archbishop Albrecht of Mainz

E) Ulrich Zwingli

164 EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION Second leg of the three-part trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in which African slaves traveled across

the Atlantic. The slaves were sold for products produced on the large farms, or plantations. This passage was cruel and

fatal for many.

A) Middle Passage

B) Line of Demarcation

C) Triangular Trade

D) The Columbian Exchange

E) Northwest Passage

164 EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION Second leg of the three-part trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas in which African slaves traveled across

the Atlantic. The slaves were sold for products produced on the large farms, or plantations. This passage was cruel and

fatal for many.

A) Middle Passage

B) Line of Demarcation

C) Triangular Trade

D) The Columbian Exchange

E) Northwest Passage

165 THE REFORMATION Martin Luther’s list of complaints and reforms. Luther’s

protests spread throughout Europe, igniting the Reformation.

A) Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

B) Babylonian Captivity of the Church C) IndulgencesD) Ninety-Five ThesesE) Smalcald Articles

165 THE REFORMATION Martin Luther’s list of complaints and reforms. Luther’s

protests spread throughout Europe, igniting the Reformation.

A) Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation

B) Babylonian Captivity of the Church C) IndulgencesD) Ninety-Five ThesesE) Smalcald Articles

166 THE REFORMATION Special imperial council in Worms, Germany, to which

Martin Luther was summoned after his excommunication in 1521. Luther was ordered to abandon his revolutionary

ideas, which he refused to do, so he was banished from the empire.

A) Debate of Leibzig

B) Diet of Worms

C) Council of Constance

D) Diet of Augsburg

E) Marburg Colloquy

166 THE REFORMATION Special imperial council in Worms, Germany, to which

Martin Luther was summoned after his excommunication in 1521. Luther was ordered to abandon his revolutionary

ideas, which he refused to do, so he was banished from the empire.

A) Debate of Leibzig

B) Diet of Worms

C) Council of Constance

D) Diet of Augsburg

E) Marburg Colloquy

167 THE REFORMATION Luther’s ideas revolved around this central tenet that

people were led to salvation only through inner faith in God, rather than by participating in worldly rituals and good

deeds.

A) Papal infallibility

B) Righteousness of God

C) Transubstantiation

D) Priesthood of All Believers

E) Justification by Faith Alone

167THE REFORMATION Luther’s ideas revolved around this central tenet that

people were led to salvation only through inner faith in God, rather than by participating in worldly rituals and good

deeds.

A) Papal infallibility

B) Righteousness of God

C) Transubstantiation

D) Priesthood of All Believers

E) Justification by Faith Alone

168 THE REFORMATION Luther’s revolutionary idea that every believer had the

ability to read and interpret the Bible, that all people of faith were viewed by God as equals. This challenged the

Church’s position that priests had an exclusive ability to do so.

A) Augsburg Confession

B) Justification by Faith Alone

C) Priesthood of All Believers

D) Credobaptism

E) Schlietheim Confession

168 THE REFORMATION Luther’s revolutionary idea that every believer had the

ability to read and interpret the Bible, that all people of faith were viewed by God as equals. This challenged the

Church’s position that priests had an exclusive ability to do so.

A) Augsburg Confession

B) Justification by Faith Alone

C) Priesthood of All Believers

D) Credobaptism

E) Schlietheim Confession

169 THE REFORMATION Swiss leader of Protestantism and advocate of predestination who created theocracies in Swiss

cantons. His ideas led to a large following in Frane, known collectively as the Huguenots.

A) John Calvin

B) Ulrich Zwingli

C) Phillip of Hesse

D) Ignatius of Loyola

E) Gustav Vasa

169 THE REFORMATION Swiss leader of Protestantism and advocate of predestination who created theocracies in Swiss

cantons. His ideas led to a large following in Frane, known collectively as the Huguenots.

A) John Calvin

B) Ulrich Zwingli

C) Phillip of Hesse

D) Ignatius of Loyola

E) Gustav Vasa

170 THE REFORMATION John Calvin’s belief that at the beginning of time, God had

preselected who among all people would be saved and have salvation, a group known as the “elect.” This group

was expected to follow the highest moral standards and be completely dedicated to God’s wishes.

A) Justification by Faith Alone

B) Acception of the Eurachrist

C) Transubstantiation

D) Predestination

E) Consubstantiation

170 THE REFORMATION John Calvin’s belief that at the beginning of time, God had

preselected who among all people would be saved and have salvation, a group known as the “elect.” This group

was expected to follow the highest moral standards and be completely dedicated to God’s wishes.

A) Justification by Faith Alone

B) Acception of the Eurachrist

C) Transubstantiation

D) Predestination

E) Consubstantiation

171 THE REFORMATION Converts or adherents to Calvinism in France,

including many from the French nobility wishing to challenge the authority of the Catholic monarch.

A) Protestants

B) Lollards

C) Huguenots

D) Jesuits

E) Antitrinitarians

171 THE REFORMATION Converts or adherents to Calvinism in France,

including many from the French nobility wishing to challenge the authority of the Catholic monarch.

A) Protestants

B) Lollards

C) Huguenots

D) Jesuits

E) Antitrinitarians

172 THE REFORMATION Decreed by French King Henry IV in 1598, it granted

Huguenots limited political freedoms and the freedom of

worship and brought temporary civilian peace.

A) January Edict

B) Edict of Nantes

C) Peace of Saint-Germain-En-Laye

D) Peace of Beaulieu

E) Edict of Fontainebleu

172 THE REFORMATION Decreed by French King Henry IV in 1598, it granted

Huguenots limited political freedoms and the freedom of

worship and brought temporary civilian peace.

A) January Edict

B) Edict of Nantes

C) Peace of Saint-Germain-En-Laye

D) Peace of Beaulieu

E) Edict of Fontainebleu

173 PERIODS IN HISTORY Sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. This was started in the 1530s by the Church and was aimed at

reforming internal Church practices to combat the success

of the Protestant Reformation.

A) Counter-Reformation

B) Genevan Reformation

C) English Reformation

D) Age of Religious Wars

E) Swiss Reformation

173 PERIODS IN HISTORY Sometimes called the Catholic Reformation. This was started in the 1530s by the Church and was aimed at

reforming internal Church practices to combat the success

of the Protestant Reformation.

A) Counter-Reformation

B) Genevan Reformation

C) English Reformation

D) Age of Religious Wars

E) Swiss Reformation

174 PERIODS IN HISTORY Written by Pope Paul IV as part of the Counter-

Reformation. ___ forbade Catholics from reading books considered “harmful” to faith or morals. This indicates the

significance of the printing press in disseminating Reformation ideas.

A) Book of Common Prayer

B) Spiritual Exercises

C) Praemunire

D) Cum ex apostolatus officio

E) Index of Forbidden Books

174 PERIODS IN HISTORY Written by Pope Paul IV as part of the Counter-

Reformation. ___ forbade Catholics from reading books considered “harmful” to faith or morals. This indicates the

significance of the printing press in disseminating Reformation ideas.

A) Book of Common Prayer

B) Spiritual Exercises

C) Praemunire

D) Cum ex apostolatus officio

E) Index of Forbidden Books

175 COUNTER-REFORMATION Summoned by Pope Paul III to try and define Catholic

doctrine and thwart Protestant attacks on Catholic beliefs. These meetings did not reform the doctrines but did end

several corrupt practices criticized by Reformers within the

Church and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine. A) Reformation Parliament

B) Marburg Colloquy

C) Council of Trent

D) Fifth Lateran Council

E) Council of Regency

175 COUNTER-REFORMATION Summoned by Pope Paul III to try and define Catholic

doctrine and thwart Protestant attacks on Catholic beliefs. These meetings did not reform the doctrines but did end

several corrupt practices criticized by Reformers within the

Church and reasserted traditional Catholic doctrine. A) Reformation Parliament

B) Marburg Colloquy

C) Council of Trent

D) Fifth Lateran Council

E) Council of Regency