fuel cell technology status: degradation - energy.gov · 2016-06-17 · nrel is a national...
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.
Fuel Cell Technology Status:Degradation
Jennifer Kurtz (PI), Huyen Dinh, Genevieve Saur, Chris AinscoughNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryJune 8, 2016
Project ID FC-081
This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information.
2
Overview
• Project1 start date: July 2009• FY15 DOE funding: $85k• FY16 planned DOE funding: $100k• Total DOE funds received to date:
$735k
• Lack of data for current fuel cell stack voltage durability
Timeline and Budget Barriers
• U.S. and international fuel cell developers supply data voluntarily and review published results
Partners
1 Project continuation and direction determined annually by DOE2 Fuel Cell Technologies Office Multi-Year RD&D Plan –Section 3.4
Application 2020 Durability Target2
Light DutyAutomotive
5,000 Hours
Public Transit 25,000 Hours
Stationary 1-10kW
0.3%/1,000 Hours
Stationary 100 kW – 3 MW
80,000 Hours
Electrolysis TBD
3
RelevanceBenchmark state-of-the-art durability
o Develop snapshot of state-of-the-art fuel cell and electrolysis durability
o Uniformly apply analysis method to developers’ voluntarily supplied data from lab testing (technology readiness level ~ 3 – 5)
o Obtain independent assessment and status of state-of-the-art fuel cell technology
Leverage analysis experienceo Utilize analysis methods, experience, and data
from fuel cell field demonstrations (e.g., DOE’s FCEV validation project)
o Compare lab and field data
Collaborate with key fuel cell developerso Provide feedback to fuel cell developerso Benchmark fuel cell durability
FY16 Objectives• Receive and analyze new lab
durability data• Update and publish the durability
results• Include electrolysis data
Barrier/Impact• Data on fuel cell stack voltage
durability is received at the National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center (NFCTEC)
• Consistent and independent source for current and legacy voltage durability
• Status used for DOE records (e.g. https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/11003_fuel_cell_stack_durability.pdf)
4
Approach – State-of-the-art Lab Fuel Cell & Electrolysis Voltage Degradation Annual Benchmarking
Request to
Industry
What Data
Submit Data
Analysis
Status
5
Approach – Data RequestRequest
to Industry
What Data
Submit Data
Analysis
Status
Request to Industry• Contacted via Email, Call, or Industry Gatherings• Reach out to all leading developers
Sample Email Request
6
Approach – Data GatheringRequest
to Industry
What Data
Submit Data
Analysis
StatusWhat Data• Existing data from industry• Voluntarily supplied• Technology Readiness Level ~ 3 – 5• Voltage, current, hours, metadata, market
Example metadata template
7
Approach – Data GatheringRequest
to Industry
What Data
Submit Data
Analysis
StatusSubmit Data• Industry selected data sent to NFCTEC• Data from variety of configurations and test protocols• No specific test requirements, other than a high number of
hours (e.g. > 1,000 hours)• Fuel cell technologies include Polymer Electrolyte
Membrane (PEM), Solid Oxide (SO), and Direct Methanol (DM), Electrolysis
National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center
Fuel Cell/Electrolyzer Technology Status Data Supply
Voluntarily supplied from fuel cell developersDurability – voltage, current, and hours minimum data neededTest – time frame, objective, protocol, application, and typeMarket – system price, availability, and application
8
Approach – Data AnalysisRequest
to Industry
What Data
Submit Data
Analysis
StatusAnalysis – EXAMPLE DATA
• Voltage and current data
1
1
• Apply polarization fit
2
2 3
• Corresponding operation hour3Voltages from polarization fit at set currents
4
4
5
5 Fit voltage and operation data
66 Degradation linear fit
7
7 Y-intercept beginning of life voltage8
8 Record operation hour when fit crosses 10% nominal voltage drop
9
9 Investigate fit quality
9
Approach – StatusRequest
to Industry
What Data
Submit Data
Analysis
StatusStatus• Detailed Data Products (DDPs)
• Individual results provided to data provider• Benchmark individual status• Data provider review and concurrence prior to
publication• Composite Data Products (CDPs)
• Published aggregated results across multiple systemsand teams without revealing proprietary data
• Annual update*
Fuel Cell/Electrolyzer Technology
Data Provider
CDPsDDPs Public
*www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_tech_validation.html
ResultsNational Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation Center
KI%
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11
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20160
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Ope
ratio
n H
ours
[1,0
00]
Prime Op HrsForklift Op HrsBus Op HrsAuto Op Hrs
Backup Op HrsInActive Data SetsActive Data Sets
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Dat
a Se
t Cou
nt
Cumulative Lab Data Operation Hours and Dates
05/2
009
CD
Ps1
12/2
009
CD
Ps1
06/2
010
CD
Ps1
07/2
011
CD
Ps1
03/2
012
CD
Ps1
03/2
013
CD
Ps1
04/2
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04/2
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Ps1
Accomplishments: Data Set Count and Operation Hours
05/2016 CDPs include174 data sets analyzed90% retired22 new data sets since 05/201517 CDPs (updated since 05/2015)Added electrolyzer durability23 Developers participating
Updated
12
Backup Power Automotive Bus Forklift Prime Power
Hou
rs (1
,000
s)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
4525 th - 75 th Percentile
Avg. Projected HoursDOE TargetInterim DOE Target
NREL cd
Accomplishments: Voltage Degradation Results by ApplicationThe average projected times (hrs) to 10% voltage drop are 2,600, 3,500, 6,200, 13,200, and8,600 for backup power, automotive, bus, forklift, and stationary applications, respectively.
Data from lab tested, full active area PEMFC and SOFC short stacks and systems with full stacks. Data generated from constant load, transient load, and accelerated testing and include 23 U.S. and international fuel cell developers.
10% voltage degradation metric is used for assessing voltage degradation; it may not be the same as end-of-life criteria and does not address catastrophic failure modes. DMFC included but not enough data was available for publication.DOE targets are for real-world applications; refer to Fuel Cell Technologies Office Multi-Year RD&D Plan.
Updated since 05/2016
KS%
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18
2015 AMR feedback• This analysis is not so useful unless the performance and durability statistics are
shown with technical information such as fuel cell system design/materials/system architectures. Getting meaningful technical information from fuel cell developers on a voluntary basis seems to be a limitation. o This is a challenge for this project. The team is working with DOE to increase the quality and
type of data provided. This is in progress via DOE industry point of contact lists, additional (or optional) metadata requests, and included this as a requirement for applicable DOE awards.
• Electrolyzer data will be very useful now that the focus in the fuel cell field has shifted to include the supply of hydrogen. o An aggregated result of electrolyzer voltage durability is included for the first time.
• The need for benchmarking is high. However, any analysis of performance and durability without technical information about design/materials/system architecture is not useful. Data acquisition on a voluntary basis shows critical limitations. Actual benchmarking on these vehicles would be able to show performance and durability with detailed technical information. Collaboration with U.S. DRIVE Partnership Technical Team is expected. o Fuel cell vehicle voltage durability is tracked and measured (see TV001) and compared with
findings in this project. We do ask for materials/system info in the metadata ask but the partner does not usually provide it.
• The data are grouped by application but not by technology. Information is not provided about the progress of each technology to meet the application needs. This is very important for DOE and commercial clients in technology selection. o Noted. The major challenge in grouping results by technology is additional limitation of
publishing results because technology may identify a participant.
19
Collaborations• Multiple fuel cell developers voluntarily supplied data
o 23 fuel cell developers contacted have supplied at least one dataseto Reasons for developers not providing data include concerns over voluntary
proprietary data sharing, availability of data sets with high operation time that are a good fit to include in the analysis, and readily accessible data in the requested format
o Data contributors are not identified yet because of limited data sets by application category
• Gathering PEMFC, DMFC, SOFC, and electrolyzer datasets• Data sharing is completely voluntary• Participation in DOE durability working group and presentation of status
to fuel cell tech team• Ongoing effort with fuel cell & electrolyzer developers to:
o Include new data sets (particularly in the stationary category) o Update datasets already included if applicableo Include new fuel cell developers
20
Remaining Challenges and Barriers• Legacy data impact on current,
state-of-the-art durability projections
• Focus of developers on reducing cost (or other areas) may conflict with increasing voltage durability in these resultso Analyzing and reporting on the
relationship between lowering cost and improving durability
• Voluntarily supplied data• Inconsistent availability of data and status reporting• Requests for additional information relevant to durability is not
addressed because that data isn’t provided
2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 20160
5
10
15
Proj
ecte
d H
ours
(1,0
00)
Automotive
E.g. stable average durability projects for automotive and max projection >> current on-road durability
21
Proposed Future Work• Continue status update on fuel cell & electrolyzer durability
and system cost/price – cost/price and durability status update planned for FY17
• Continue cultivating existing collaborations and developing new collaborations with fuel cell developers
• Publish a report on the durability and cost analysis method (9/2016)
• Correlate stack durability data with single cell durability data via DOE test protocols
• Support DOE in development of an electrolyzer durability target
22
SummaryRelevance: Independent assessment of state-of-the-art fuel cell technology provides one location for fuel cell durability status from leading fuel cell developers with a uniform analysis and reporting method on a variety of proprietary data.
Approach: Leverage NFCTEC and prioritized industry collaborations.
Accomplishments: Updated sixth annual results for six applications, plus started electrolysis, and included new details based on metadata and durability trends over time and international developers. The data are fully integrated into NRELFAT and an online interface provides information on the project, connection for interested collaborators, and all publications.Improved project information material for
details and benefits of participation.
Collaborations andFuture Work:Continue expanding analyzed data sets, included fuel cell developers, and results.
Application 2020 Durability Target
Lab Status - AveHrs to 10% Voltage
Degradation
Light DutyAutomotive
5,000 Hours 3,500
Public Transit 25,000 Hours 6,200
Stationary 1-10kW
0.3%/1,000 Hours 8,600
Stationary 100 kW – 3 MW
80,000 Hours
Forklift 20,000 HoursTarget Under Review
13,200
Backup 10,000 HoursTarget Under Review
2,600
Technical Back-Up Slides
24
Approach: Current Status to Complement DOE Fuel Cell System Cost Based on Models for High Volume
Record Source: http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/pdfs/14014_fuel_cell_system_cost_2014.pdf
Cost/Price Template
25
Low Volume Price of Current Fuel Cell Systems
Price values not updated yet in FY16
26
Pamphlet with Participation Details and Benefits
The U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory is seeking fuel cell industry partners from the United States and abroad to
participate in an objective and credible analysis of commercially available fuel cell product cost/price and durability data to benchmark the current state of
the technology and support industry growth.
27
Electrolyzer MetaData
Reviewer Only
29
Publications and Presentations
All CDPs available online at http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/proj_fc_analysis.html