frontal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe parietal lobe frontal association area speech smell...
TRANSCRIPT
Frontal lobe
Temporal lobe Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Frontalassociationarea
Speech
Smell
Hearing
Auditoryassociationarea
Vision
Visualassociationarea
Somatosensoryassociationarea
Reading
TasteSom
atos
enso
ry co
rtex
Mot
or co
rtex
Fissures (deep grooves)
divide the cerebrum into lobes
If Christopher is in a car accident and due to brain damage loses his sight, which lobe of the brain were probably damaged?
When you go to the refrigerator and reach for a carton of milk, which lobes of the brain are you using?
When you are listening to music on earphones, which lobe of the brain are you using?
When an Olympic gymnast does a flip on the balance beam, which lobes of the brain is she using?
Occipital
Frontal & Occipital
Temporal
Frontal, Occipital, Parietal, & Temporal
Regions of the Brain Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon
Figure 7.12b
Surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) purpose: to increase surface area
Brain stem Cerebellum
Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum
Figure 7.13c
Somatic sensory area – receives impulses from the body’s sensory receptors (audio, visual, olfactory, and taste)
Interpretation areas of the cerebrumSpeech/language region
Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak
Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Figure 7.14
Primary motor area – sends impulses to skeletal muscles
Layers of the Cerebrum
Gray matter› Outer layer› Composed mostly of neuron cell bodiesWhite matter› Fiber tracts inside the gray matter› Example: corpus callosum connects
hemispheres Figure 7.13a
Diencephalon Sits on top of the brain stem Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres
•Thalamus
•Hypothalamus
•Epithalamus
Thalamus
Surrounds the third ventricle The relay station for sensory impulses Transfers impulses to the correct part of
the cortex for localization and interpretation
Hypothalamus Under the thalamus Important autonomic
nervous system center› Helps regulate body
temperature› Controls water balance› Regulates metabolism
An important part of the limbic system (emotions)
The pituitary gland is attached to the hypothalamus
Epithalamus Forms the roof of the third ventricle Houses the pineal body (an endocrine
gland) Includes the choroid plexus – forms
cerebrospinal fluid
Brain Stem
Attaches to the spinal cord
Parts of the brain stem› Midbrain› Pons› Medulla oblongata
Midbrain Mostly composed of
tracts of nerve fibers Has two bulging fiber
tracts – cerebral peduncles
Has four rounded protrusions – corpora quadrigemina› Reflex centers for vision
and hearing
Pons The bulging center part of the brain stem Mostly composed of fiber tracts Includes nuclei involved in the control of
breathing
The lowest part of the brain stem Merges into the spinal cord Contains important control centers
› Heart rate control› Blood pressure regulation› Breathing› Swallowing› Vomiting
Medulla Oblongata