fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis
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Humanistic PsychoanalysisHumanistic PsychoanalysisErich FrommErich FrommPSY103 – Theories of Personality
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OverviewOverview
Emphasizes the influence of sociobiological factors, history, economics, and class structure.
Humanity’s separation from the natural world has produced feelings of loneliness & isolation, called Basic Anxiety.
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Erich FrommErich FrommBorn in Germany in 1900.Strict upbringing, similar to Karen
HorneyEclectic philosophyCombination of Sigmund Freud
and Karl MarxFirst infatuation / WWIMarried three timesWent to the US in 1934, affair with
Karen Horney
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Erich FrommErich Fromm
Went to Mexico towards end of career
Private Psychoanalytic practicePublication of researches and
booksDied in Switzerland in 1980, 5 days
before his 80th birthday.
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Influences Influences
1. Teachings of humanistic rabbis2. Karl Marx3. Sigmund Freud4. Zen Buddhism5. Johann Jakob Bachofen
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Basic AssumptionsBasic Assumptions
Individual personality can be understood in the light of human history.
Concept of Human Dilemma◦Reasoning facility◦Awareness as isolated beings◦Permits them to survive◦Tendency to solve insoluble
dichotomies
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Fundamental DichotomiesFundamental Dichotomies
Life and Death
Complete Self- realization and shortness of life
Separate Individuals and Social Relatedness
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Human NeedsHuman Needs
Also known as existential needs◦Relatedness◦Transcendence◦Rootedness◦Sense of Identity◦Frame of Orientation
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RelatednessRelatednessDrive for union with
another person or other persons.
SubmissionPowerLove
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TranscendenceTranscendence
An urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into the realm of purposefulness and freedom.
Malignant Aggression
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RootednessRootednessThe need to establish roots To feel at home with the world.Influence of mother’s role
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Sense of IdentitySense of IdentityThe capacity to be aware of
ourselves as a separate entity.
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Frame of OrientationFrame of OrientationPhilosophy, a consistent way of
thinking.Refers to Goals or destinations
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Summary of Human Summary of Human NeedsNeeds
Negative Components
Positive Components
Relatedness Submission / domination
Love
Transcendence
Destructiveness
Creativeness
Rootedness Fixation Wholeness
Sense of Identity
Group conformity
Individuality
Frame of Orientation
Irrational goals
Rational goals
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Mechanisms of EscapeMechanisms of Escape
Authoritarianism◦Tendency to fuse with another
person◦Masochism / sadism
Destructiveness◦By destruction, people restore
feelings of power.Conformity
◦Reactive, acts like robots
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Positive FreedomPositive FreedomSolution to the human dilemma
Represents overcoming of loneliness, achieving union with the world, & maintain individuality.
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Character OrientationsCharacter OrientationsA person’s relatively permanent
way of relating to persons and things.
Character replaces instincts
Assimilation◦Acquisition and use of things
Socialization◦Relating to self and others
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Non- Productive Non- Productive OrientationsOrientationsStrategies that fail to move people
closer to positive freedom and self- realization.
Not entirely negative
◦Receptive◦Exploitative◦Hoarding◦Marketing
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ReceptiveReceptiveThe only way they can relate to the world
is by receiving things; more concerned with receiving than giving.
Passivity, submissiveness, lack self- confidence
Loyalty, acceptance, trust
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ExploitativeExploitativeAggressively take what they
desireEgocentric, conceited, arrogant,
seducingImpulsive, proud, charming, self-
confident.
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HoardingHoardingHold everything inside and do not let go
of anything.Rigidity, sterility, obstinacy,
compulsivity, lack of creativityOrderliness, cleanliness, punctuality
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MarketingMarketingDependent on the ability to sell themselves.Personal security rests on shaky grounds.No permanent principles or values.Opportunistic and wastefulOpenmindedness & adaptability
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The Productive The Productive OrientationOrientationWorking
Loving
Reasoning
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Personality DisordersPersonality DisordersPeople who are incapable of love
and uniting with others.
NecrophiliaMalignant NarcissismIncestuous Symbiosis
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NecrophiliaNecrophilia
Any attraction to deathHates humanityDestructive behavior is a
manifestation of their basic character
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Malignant NarcissismMalignant NarcissismImpedes the perception of reality
so that everything belonging to a narcissistic person is valued and everything belonging to another is devalued.
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Incestuous SymbiosisIncestuous SymbiosisExtreme dependence on the
mother or mother surrogate.It may be another person or
object.
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ComparisonComparisonSyndrome of Decay
Syndrome of Growth
Necrophilia Biophilia
Narcissism Love
Incestuous Symbiosis
Positive Freedom
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PsychotherapyPsychotherapyDream AnalysisInterviewsQuestionnairesProjective TechniquesPsychohistory
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ExamplesExamples
Social Character in a Mexican Village◦ Study of social character in an isolated
farming village in Mexico◦ Found evidence of all character orientations
except the marketing oneA Psychohistorical Study of Hitler
◦ Applied the techniques of psychohistory to study Hitler, the conspicuous example of someone with the syndrome of decay
◦ Fromm traces and describes Hitler’s necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis
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CritiqueCritique
Fromm’s Theory Is:◦High on Organizing Knowledge◦Low on Guiding Action, Internal Consistency, and Parsimony
◦Very Low on Generating Research and Falsifiability