from school to work: a comparative labour capacity preparation between thailand and vietnam phasina...
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From School to Work: A Comparative Labour Capacity Preparation between Thailand and Vietnam
Phasina Tangchuang, Ph.D. Scientific Manager for JEAI CELS Faculty of Education
Chiang Mai University THAILAND [email protected]
Objective of Research and this presentation
To make understanding how Thailand and Vietnam prepare their citizen as labour force
Methodologies• Quantitative: Official statistics• Qualitative: - Interview - Site visit
Quantitative
• Vietnam Development Report 2001 • UNESCO• World Bank Indicators of Development• Statistical Year Book 2004
Qualitative
interview
interview
Qualitative
site visit
site visit
site visit
Findings
Level Thailand Vietnam25 25
PHD 24 24
Master 23 23
22 22
21 21
Bachelor 20 20
19 19
18 18
12 17 17
Upper Secondary 11 16 16
10 15 15
9 14 14
Lower Secondary 8 13 13
7 12 12
Grade
Age
Age
1.9 Million
GER = 43%
6.7 Million - GER = 90%
5.8 Million - GER = 104%7.8 Million - GER = 95%
1.8 Million - GER = 75% 2.2 Million - GER = 60%
2.7 Million - GER = 95%
1.1 Million
GER = 63%
3 Million GER = 59%
0.3 M.
0.7 Million
0.37 M.
0.2 M.
0.4 Million
0.6 Million
GER = 16%
Education system in Thailand
and Vietnam
Gross enrolment, all levels
40
45
50
55
60
65
1975
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
%Vietnam
Thailand
Education system in Thailand
and Vietnam
Source: UNESCO
Enrolment
Graduation
classified by fields of study
Source: Vietnam, UNESCO, year 2005; Thailand: Statistical Year Book 2004, applies to year 2001
Source: Statistical Year Book 2004 Source: UNESCO, 2005
Labour force preparation
Yearly growth
Yearly growth of the Yearly growth of the labourlabour forceforce
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
50000
55000
60000
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
Lab
ou
r F
orc
e (0
00s)
Total Labour Force, Past, Present and Projections, 1980-2020
Dependency rateDependency rate
Labour force preparation
Dependency Rate
HDI in Southeast
Asian countries
1993-2004
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
Malays ia Thailand
Philippines China
Indones ia Viet Nam
Cam bodia Lao
Country
Year199
9200
0200
1200
2200
3200
4200
52006
Cambodia
522575
498271
400740
260960
279678
291817
373095 ...
China ... ... ...3745
033920
533667
343528
27 ...Hong
Kong 4563 4728 4775 4484 4154 4011 3974 ...Indones
ia ... ...1769
1721537
2361095
7698416
621334
636 ...
Lao 1731
821642
271642
141705
641731
561759
061708
73 ...Macao 2942 3554 3181 2920 2980 2368 2272 ...Myanm
ar8111
22533
03340
93304
93406
32719
31618
6 ...Philippi
nes2365
58 ...2511
002900
892680
312797
462917
47 ...S. Korea - - - - - - 268 76Thailand
213158 ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Vietnam
385212
335437
280927
223647
211768 ...
78235 ...
Afghanistan ... ... ... ... ... ...
702368 ...
Bangladesh
1144726
1147059
1120791
1097294
1219571
1263548 ... ...
India4452
9304736
8734195
6154203
8064510
9884345
7874756
733 ...
Nepal8212
369392
588694
738323
098519
178729
539309
70926045
Pakistan ... ... ... ... ... ...
528554 ...
Number of repeatedly study in classQuality of education
• To re-introduce selection between levels of education and allow for students to repeat classes.
• To stress the need to contain households’ expenditures for education and educational costs.
• To expand scientific education at universities, including mid - level technologies.the required
policy measures are the following
The comparison with Thailand
and Vietnam
The comparison with Thailand
and Vietnam
• To campaign in favour of technical and scientific education through different media.
•To put an emphasis on research in academic curricula and academic careers.
•To Differentiate between high-tech training for middle managers and vocational training for manual workers.
•To develop links with enterprises.
the required policy measures are the following
Thank you for your
attentions