From Germany to From Germany to Hungary to Russia Hungary to Russia

Gayla Gayla OhlhauserOhlhauser GrayGray& Carolyn Schott & Carolyn Schott

Agenda Agenda Germany to Hungary Germany to Hungary •• Why Why •• When When •• Where Where

Hungary to Russia Hungary to Russia •• Why Why •• WhenWhen•• WhereWhere

How to research Germans from Hungary How to research Germans from Hungary

Photos from German village in Hungary Photos from German village in Hungary -- GyGyöönknk, , SchwSchwääbischebische TTüürkeirkei

Germany Germany –– Why Leave? Why Leave? Marriage Marriage Lack of land Lack of land Military duty Military duty Threat to existence Threat to existence Religion Religion Recruiting activity Recruiting activity

Danube Swabian Farmers

Source: http://www.geocities.com/werner_family2001/genw5.html

Why Hungary?Why Hungary?Early immigrants recruited Early immigrants recruited Travel stipends Travel stipends Loans for seeds, implements, and Loans for seeds, implements, and toolstoolsHouses in masterHouses in master--planned villagesplanned villagesFields allotted in farmlands Fields allotted in farmlands surrounding the villagessurrounding the villagesFreedom from serfdomFreedom from serfdomInitial exemption from taxesInitial exemption from taxes

Leave Germany Leave Germany –– When? When? The Great The Great SwabianSwabian Trek Trek –– 3 phases 3 phases •• 17181718––1737 1737 -- KarolinischeKarolinische AnsiedlungAnsiedlung

Lands were recently liberated from the Turks; goal Lands were recently liberated from the Turks; goal was to create a buffer areawas to create a buffer areaOfficially limited to CatholicsOfficially limited to CatholicsUnofficially Karl welcomed Protestants and promised Unofficially Karl welcomed Protestants and promised freedom of religionfreedom of religionBanat Banat –– Crown land, travel costs subsidizedCrown land, travel costs subsidizedSchwSchwääbischebische TTüürkeirkei –– Private estates, travel costs not Private estates, travel costs not subsidized (but more open to Protestants than Banat)subsidized (but more open to Protestants than Banat)Mostly from HessenMostly from Hessen

•• 17441744––1772 1772 -- Maria Maria TheresianischeTheresianische AnsiedlungAnsiedlung75,000 Germans rebuilt what was destroyed by Turks 75,000 Germans rebuilt what was destroyed by Turks in the Banatin the BanatSettled in Banat and eastern Settled in Banat and eastern BatschkaBatschkaRestricted to Roman Catholics Restricted to Roman Catholics

Source: Children of the Danube by Henry A. FischerSource: Children of the Danube by Henry A. Fischer

KarolinischeKarolinische MigrationMigrationFrom Germany to the Banat From Germany to the Banat

& & SchwSchwääbischebische TTüürkeirkei

Banat

Schwäbische Türkei

Source: Children of the Danube by Henry A. Fischer

Maria Maria TheresianischeTheresianische MigrationMigrationFrom Germany to the BanatFrom Germany to the Banat

Banat

Source: Children of the Danube by Henry A. Fischer

Leave Germany Leave Germany –– When? When? The Great The Great SwabianSwabian Trek Trek –– 3 phases 3 phases •• 17821782--1787 1787 -- JosephinischeJosephinische AnsiedlungAnsiedlung

Emperor Joseph issued Edict of Toleration in 1781Emperor Joseph issued Edict of Toleration in 1781Officially open to both Protestants and Catholics Officially open to both Protestants and Catholics Settled primarily in the Settled primarily in the BatschkaBatschka, some new , some new settlement in the Banatsettlement in the BanatSettlers came from Germany and other areas within Settlers came from Germany and other areas within HungaryHungary

•• After 1789 After 1789 –– government sponsored government sponsored colonization closedcolonization closed

500 Guilders cash needed to resettle 500 Guilders cash needed to resettle •• More than 1,000 German villages established More than 1,000 German villages established

in Southern Hungaryin Southern Hungary

(Source: (Source: Children of the DanubeChildren of the Danube by Henry A. Fischer)by Henry A. Fischer)

JosephinischeJosephinische MigrationMigrationFrom Germany & From Germany & SchwSchwääbischebische TTüürkeirkei

to the to the BatschkaBatschka

Batschka

Batschka

Source: Children of the Danube by Henry A. Fischer

The The ““HungaryHungary”” of our Ancestorsof our AncestorsCurrent National BoundariesCurrent National Boundaries

Source: http://Source: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/bosnia.htmwww.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/bosnia.htm

German Settlement AreasGerman Settlement Areas

Source: Donauschwäbisches Zentralmuseum Ulm

BatschkaBatschka

Source: http://www.dvhh.org/batschka/images/map-gehl.jpg

VojvodinaVojvodina province is situated in province is situated in the northern part of Serbia the northern part of Serbia

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka –– BulkesBulkesOfficial name MaglicHungarian name Bulkesz• Variants: Buljikes, Bulkess,

Bulkeszi, KesziEarliest German settlement – 178695% German - 7 families to Russia Location now – South Bačka in SerbiaChurches: Evangelical Lutheran/Bánya dioceseVillage name in FHL records –Bulkesz• FHL Census Microfilm: Bulkesz in

1828: 622963

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka -- KleinkerKleinkerOfficial name Backo Dorbo Polje• German variants: Kleinker, Kischker, Klein Keer• Hungarian variant Kiskér• Other variants include Mali Ker, Pribicevicevo

Earliest German settlement - 1787 98% German – 26 families to Russia Location now - West Bačka District of Vojvodina, Serbia near Kula Population in 1880 was 2,848 Churches: Evangelical Lutheran/Bánya dioceseFHL Census Microfilm: Kis-Ker in 1828: 622965Kleinker was the location of a prisoner camp for Germans held by Partisans during World War II

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka -- MilititschMilititschOfficial name Srpski-Miletic• German variant Berauersheim• Hungarian variants Militics, Nemesmilitics, Ráczmilitics• Other variants: Svetozar Miletic, Rac-Milititsch, Srpski-

Militic, Millitics

Earliest German settlement - 1786Churches: Roman Catholic/Kalocsa dioceseLocation now - West Bačka District of Serbia near SomborPopulation in 1880 was 2,896

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka -- MilititschMilititschVillage name in FHL records: Roman Catholic Village name in FHL records: Roman Catholic Church: Church: NemetmiliticsNemetmilitics or or RacsRacs MiliticsMiliticsChurch records available at FHL: 1826 Church records available at FHL: 1826 –– 1895, 1895, 1826 1826 –– 1895; FHL Microfilm Nr.: 638204 1895; FHL Microfilm Nr.: 638204 ––638208; 638188 638208; 638188 –– 638191; 638191; FHL Census Microfilm: FHL Census Microfilm: NemesNemes MiliticsMilitics in 1828: in 1828: 622966, FHL Census Microfilm: 622966, FHL Census Microfilm: RatzRatz MilitsMilits in in 1828: 6229681828: 622968MilititschMilititsch was the location of a prisoner camp for was the location of a prisoner camp for Germans held by Partisans during World War IIGermans held by Partisans during World War II

MilititschMilititsch

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka –– Neu Neu WerbassWerbassOfficial name Novi Vrbas• German variant Neu-Werbass• Hungarian variant UjverbászEarliest German settlement - 1784 Evangelical from area of Upper RhineLocation now - South Bačka District in the province of Vojvodina75% German – 22 families to Russia Population in 1880 was 5,050Churches• Roman Catholic/Kalocsa diocese• Evangelical Lutheran/Bánya diocese• Reformed/Dunnamellék diocese

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka –– Neu Neu WerbassWerbassVillage name in FHL records is Ujverbasz• Church records are available at FHL for

1875-1895, FHL Microfilm # 639140. FHL Census Microfilm Neu Verbacz in 1828 is 622966

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka –– SekitschSekitschOfficial name Lovcenac• Hungarian dialect Szeghegy• Other variants Winkelsberg,

Szegegyhaz, and SekicsEarliest German settlement – 178695% German – 14 families to Russia

Location now - North Bačka District near TopolaPopulation in 1880 was 3,395Churches: Evangelical Lutheran/Bányadiocese

SekitschSekitsch

Lutheran (German) Church until 1946

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka –– TscherwenkaTscherwenkaOfficial name Official name CrvenkaCrvenka•• German variant German variant RotweilRotweil•• Hungarian name Hungarian name CservenkaCservenka•• Other variants Other variants CervenkaCervenka

Earliest German settlement Earliest German settlement --17841784Protestants from area between Mosel & RhineProtestants from area between Mosel & Rhine80% German 80% German –– 35 families to Russia 35 families to Russia Location now Location now -- West West BaBaččkaka District of Serbia District of Serbia Population in 1880 was 7,025Population in 1880 was 7,025Churches: Evangelical Lutheran/Churches: Evangelical Lutheran/BBáányanya diocese, diocese, Reformed/Reformed/DunamellekDunamellek diocese diocese

Villages in the Villages in the BatschkaBatschka –– TorschauTorschauOfficial name Official name TorzaTorza•• Hungarian name Hungarian name TorzsaTorzsa•• Variants: Variants: SavinoSavino, , SeloSelo, , TorschaTorscha, , ThorzatelekeThorzateleke, and , and TharcsaTharcsa

The earliest German settlement The earliest German settlement –– 17841784All Evangelical from Rhine Palatinate & All Evangelical from Rhine Palatinate & ZweibrZweibrüückencken70% German 70% German –– 22 families to Russia 22 families to Russia The population in 1880 was 3,068The population in 1880 was 3,068Location now Location now -- West West BaBaččkaka District District in Serbiain SerbiaChurches: Evangelical Lutheran/Churches: Evangelical Lutheran/BBáányanya diocese, diocese, Reformed/Reformed/DunamellDunamelléékk diocesediocese

Other Villages in the Other Villages in the BatschkaBatschkaApatinApatin –– now in West now in West BaBaččkaka District of Serbia District of Serbia •• Web site: http://Web site: http://www.dvhh.org/abthausenwww.dvhh.org/abthausen//

JarekJarek –– now in South now in South BaBaččkaka District of Serbia District of Serbia •• Web site: http://Web site: http://www.feldenzer.com/jarek.htmwww.feldenzer.com/jarek.htm

NeuNeu--SchoveSchove•• 90% German 90% German –– 8 families to Russia 8 families to Russia

NeuNeu--SiwatzSiwatz -- West West BaBaččkaka District, District, SerbiaSerbia•• 98% German 98% German –– 2 families to Russia 2 families to Russia

PalankaPalanka –– now in Serbia now in Serbia •• Web Web site:http://www.feldenzer.com/palanka.htmsite:http://www.feldenzer.com/palanka.htm

Banat Banat

Source: http://www.dvhh.org/banat/images/map-gehl.jpg

Villages in the Banat Villages in the Banat –– FranzfeldFranzfeldOfficial name Kacarevo, Kraljevicevo, Banatsko Kraljevicevo• Hungarian dialect Francfold, Ferencfalva,

Ferenchalom

Location now – Serbia in South BanatDistrictFounded in 1792 - mainly EvangelicThe population in 1921 was 4,450 (97.7% Germans)Population 2002 – 7,624

Villages in the Banat Villages in the Banat –– FranzfeldFranzfeldVillage name in FHL records: Franzfeld, Francfold, Ferencfalva. Church records available at FHL• Christenings 1793-1835• Marriages 1793-1835• Deaths 1793-1835• films also contain approximately 86

pages of christening records of original settlers. FHL Microfilm Nr. 1190286, 1190287

FranzfeldFranzfeld, Banat , Banat

Source: http://www.franzfelder.de/

FranzfeldFranzfeld

Source: Wikipedia.org

Center of town Orthodox church in Kačarevo

Villages in the Banat Villages in the Banat –– LieblingLieblingOfficial name Official name LieblingLiebling•• Variants include Variants include LiblingLibling, , KedvenczKedvencz, ,

BBáásztsztFounded in 1786Founded in 1786Location now Location now -- Romania, 31 km SE Romania, 31 km SE of of TemeswarTemeswarPopulation in 1910 was 4,351 Population in 1910 was 4,351 (95.5% Germans)(95.5% Germans)Mainly Evangelic Mainly Evangelic FHL records FHL records -- LieblingLiebling, , BBáásztszt•• Church records: Christenings 1786Church records: Christenings 1786--

1857, Marriages 17871857, Marriages 1787--1864, Deaths 1864, Deaths 17861786--1857; Index of christenings 18581857; Index of christenings 1858--1944. FHL microfilm # 1271554; Index 1944. FHL microfilm # 1271554; Index 04882370488237

Why Leave Hungary?Why Leave Hungary?Living conditions not favorable Living conditions not favorable Hard feudal service Hard feudal service ““The first encounters death, the The first encounters death, the second need, only the third has second need, only the third has breadbread””StumppStumpp pg 103pg 103--104 104 •• escaped by climbing over 9 ft. wall escaped by climbing over 9 ft. wall

middle of nightmiddle of night•• False documents False documents •• About 240 families departed About 240 families departed

Migration to RussiaMigration to RussiaFrom the Banat & From the Banat & BatschkaBatschka

to GDO & to GDO & GlGlüückstalckstal

Source: Children of the Danube by Henry A. Fischer

Emigrant Families Emigrant Families Odessa = 184 families Odessa = 184 families •• AlexanderhilfAlexanderhilf –– 21 Families 21 Families •• FreudentalFreudental –– 78 Families 78 Families •• GGüüldendorfldendorf –– 3 families 3 families •• JosefstalJosefstal –– 7 families 7 families •• NeuburgNeuburg –– 29 families 29 families •• PeterstalPeterstal –– 5 families 5 families •• Bergdorf Bergdorf –– 1 family1 family•• GlGlüückstalckstal –– 27 families 27 families •• HoffnungstalHoffnungstal –– 1 family1 family•• NeudorfNeudorf –– 11 families 11 families •• KatharinentalKatharinental –– 1 family 1 family

Emigrant FamiliesEmigrant FamiliesBessarabia = 33 familiesBessarabia = 33 families•• AltAlt--Postal Postal –– 2 families 2 families •• ArzisArzis –– 3 families 3 families •• BeresinaBeresina –– 1 family 1 family •• BrienneBrienne –– 1 family 1 family •• FriedenstalFriedenstal –– 5 families 5 families •• HoffnungstalHoffnungstal –– 2 families 2 families •• KlostitzKlostitz –– 2 families 2 families •• Teplitz Teplitz –– 16 families16 families•• Wittenberg Wittenberg –– 1 family 1 family

How to Research Germans from Hungary?How to Research Germans from Hungary?GDO RIG Web site GDO RIG Web site –– Hungary to Russia DatabaseHungary to Russia Database•• http://www.grhs.org/rig/gdo/hungaryhttp://www.grhs.org/rig/gdo/hungary--russiaDB.htmrussiaDB.htm

DonauschwabenDonauschwaben Villages Helping HandsVillages Helping Hands•• http://www.dvhh.org/glance/index.htmhttp://www.dvhh.org/glance/index.htm

DonauschwabenDonauschwaben Genealogical & Historical RecordsGenealogical & Historical Records•• http://www.genealogienetz.de/reg/ESE/dsrec.htmlhttp://www.genealogienetz.de/reg/ESE/dsrec.html

AKdFFAKdFF•• http://www.genealogienetz.de/vereine/AKdFF/ortsfamilienbuechttp://www.genealogienetz.de/vereine/AKdFF/ortsfamilienbuec

her.htmher.htm

Hungary Hungary GenWebGenWeb•• http://http://www.rootsweb.com/~wghungarwww.rootsweb.com/~wghungar//

RootsWebRootsWeb Hungary ArchivesHungary Archives•• http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/intl/HUN/http://lists.rootsweb.com/index/intl/HUN/

Reading Hungarian church recordsReading Hungarian church records•• http://www.bmi.net/jjaso/index.htmlhttp://www.bmi.net/jjaso/index.html

DonauschwDonauschwääbischesbisches ZentralmuseumZentralmuseum UlmUlm•• http://www.dzmhttp://www.dzm--museum.demuseum.de

GermanGerman--Hungarian Farm LayoutHungarian Farm Layout

GyGyöönknk (aka (aka JinkJink), Hungary), Hungary

GyGyöönknk (aka (aka JinkJink), Hungary), Hungary

Gate leading into GermanGate leading into German--Hungarian farm (now a museum)Hungarian farm (now a museum)

GermanGerman--Hungarian Farm Hungarian Farm The HouseThe House

The KitchenThe Kitchen

Main living areaMain living area

Another viewAnother view

The BarnThe Barn

The Summer KitchenThe Summer Kitchen

Gate leading to the road & fieldsGate leading to the road & fields

Family data inside the cupboard!Family data inside the cupboard!