French Revoluti

on ProjectBy: Anna Rudoi, Arielle

Waks, and Dij Howes

Moderate PhaseThe Storming of the La Bastille

• Driven by rumors that royal troops were going to occupy the capital to reestablish the King's authority, on July 14, 1789, the urban poor and Bourgeoisie people of Paris assembled outside the Bastille.  The Bastille is a medieval castle used as a prison for political and other prisoners.  The crowd demanded weapons and gunpowder that they believed were stored there.  When the commander of the Bastille refused to open the gates battle broke out and the crowd broke through the defenses.  They killed the commander and released the prisoners who were being held there, though the Parisians found no weapons.  The Bastille was a symbol of the years of abuse by the monarchy, and the fall of the Bastille represented the people's empowerment.  This even posed a challenge to the existence of the regime, showing that the King no longer had control of the people.  This day was the start of the revolution, and is now known as the day of the French Independence.

As the Bastille is in the process of being taken down, the urban poor is at the same time breaking out of the shackles that they have been bonded in by the first two estates. The nobility and the clergy recognize the liberation of the urban poor people, and they are scared. The two are drawing back with their hands up, even though the urban poor have yet to be fully standing. This signifies that the urban poor will now be able to reach their full potential, and the upper estates know that they will no longer be able to keep on taking advantage of the urban poor. The expression on the noble man’s face is clear—he knows what the falling of the Bastille meant for him, and he is scared.

Nobility View

Urban Poor ViewAt the falling of the Bastille, the Urban Poor are at large and in control. The lion representing—the monarchy—and the nobility and clergy now answer to the urban poor, and so in this engraving the urban poor are celebrating.

Third document "A delegation will be sent to the king to warn him of all

the dangers that threaten the capital and the kingdom and to show him that the troops, whose mere presence is inflaming the people's despair, need to be withdrawn. He would also to be informed that the people's militia would be entrusted with the city's defense...The people needed to be contained. It was forgotten that when a force develops that cannot be destroyed, the policy is to try to direct it more than to try to compromise it...the citizens of Paris, [are] recovering their natural rights and [being] set free by their needs."

Proceeding the taking of the Bastille, the National Assembly sent a request to King Louis XVI to withdraw the military troops and allow the military of the people to defend themselves.  This document is the Mayor of Paris and leader of the National Assembly, Jean Sylvain de Bailly's recounting of the National Assembly's reaction and response to the taking of the Bastille.  He is seeing first hand how people of Paris are feeling more empowered and "recovering their natural rights", and it is frightening to him.  He doesn't like this new development, and feels that the people "need to be contained".

Radical Phase The Beheading of Marie Antoinette

Marie Antoinette was an Austrian princess who was married to Louis the XVI to strengthen an alliance between France and Austria. The people of France did not like her as a queen because she was not born in France and she led an extravagant lifestyle, which the people paid for. According to the bourgeoisie, “she [ate] the French money in the hope of devouring French People.” Then when she fled the country with her husband and her son they overflowed with anger: they threw her in jail for treason. This was a sign of the fall of absolute power; the people had taken over. The court convicted Marie Antoinette and she was beheaded. The urban poor were excited when she was beheaded because she didn’t do anything for the country. She just used up money but didn’t bring any money in. People did not miss Marie Antoinette.

Nobles View In this Picture Marie Antoinette

is talking to the people. No one in this picture is looking at her seriously the people on the floor are pointing at her with disapproval, and the nobles are looking at her with their noses turned up. She looks shocked that her people would dare accuse her with treason, she also looks whimsical and dramatic. Clearly the artist is portraying how much the people did not care for her. Historically this picture is depicting how she was convicted and how she acted in court.

Bourgeoisie’s view • II—THE ROYAL VETO FEMALE• The female of the royal veto is a monster who was found in Vienna, Austria, in the Empress Maria-

Theresa's wardrobe. This female monkey with a crown probably had a craving against nature. She probably had sex with a tiger or with a bear and gave birth to Marie Antoinette.

• This thirty-three-year-old monster was brought to France when the incestuous Louis XV was King. From her country she brought duplicity, and she also added treachery to it, which represents a natural feature of people like her. First she behaved like a very soft person in front of the people. They were screaming: LONG LIVE THE QUEEN! When she was assured she could appear friendly with a few fake smiles, she lifted her mask and was known for what she exactly was.

• Her marriage to a boor was a political treaty. Her husband was spending all his time making locks and bolts. Like Denis of Syracuse, she soon manages the ways to have fun at the expense of the people. Parc-au-Cerf, Bagatelle, Trianon, Decampativos, and the famous parties were the centers of all attention. During these parties the royal veto was always the chamber pot. The Artois and the Polignac females, the Vaudreuil and the bodyguards, the King and his chipmunk, the Cardinal and Cagliostro, the necklace and the unfortunate Oliva, who was poisoned, represented the main subjects of discussions. The Austrian was being punished for her crimes and the horrors she had committed. But she did not care about it and about the Nation. The people rise up, and the Austrian Siren carries in her arms a child (it is the Prince), and she runs away. Then the Versailles Menagerie is transferred to Paris. . . . The female of the Royal Veto hatches a trip to the frontier with an animal named Lafayette. The chameleon lets the Baronne of Korff go, as well as Louis XVI, King of France and his valet. . . . Then the group is arrested and escorted back to Paris. This is the way Marie Antoinette of Austria takes pleasure in disturbing the peace of a free France.

• Lately a prostitute was condemned to six months in jail for having insulted a citizen. . . . If Marie Antoinette was being judged the way she deserves it, she would meet good friends at the Salpetrière.

• The female of the Royal Veto is tall, ugly, wrinkled, used, faded, hideous, awful. As the Nation wrongly promotes its tyrants, she eats the French money in the hope of devouring French people the one after the other

Bourgeoisie’s View The slide above is a pamphlet that was created

by the bourgeoisie. The pamphlet compares the life of the royal family to a zoo or a menagerie. It calls her marriage a simple political treaty, and it calls the queen “tall, ugly, wrinkled, used, faded, hideous”. Clearly the bourgeoisie does not like the royal family. This pamphlet was written when the queen was in jail. It talks about how when she runs away and how she deserves to be in jail .

Urban Poor's View In this picture the man pulling

the rope of the Guillotine represents the urban poor. The urban poor was excited about the beheading of Marie Antoinette. He isn’t even looking at her he is just setting up to kill her. The noble is looking at Marie Antoinette like, “I can’t help you.” Ironically Marie Antoinette is wearing a white dress, and white generally symbolizes purity and clearly she is not pure because she was convicted.

Return to NormalcyCongress of Vienna

The congress of Vienna of was meant to bring back stability and order in Europe by creating peace through the balance of power and a system of monarchy . In the ten months that they were there they redrew the map of Europe and promoted legitimacy, which is bringing back the monarchies that Napoleon had taken over. They also developed the Concert of Europe which was where powers met to share the problems influencing the peace of Europe. Also many governments came putting their own intentions first. Also they sadly, failed to see the how much power things like nationalism would have later on.

“The Emperor of Russia has come to Vienna, in the first place to be admired (which is always the principal thing in his thoughts), and next to direct personally the important arrangements which should fix the boundaries and future position of the many states who claim their share of the immense spoil which is placed at the disposal of the Allies, by their success against the common enemy. The three principal objects of the Emperor Alexander were: first, to take possession for ever of the whole, or almost the whole, of the Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of some small portions, which he would give to the two neighbouring powers; 2nd, to prevent Austria from profiting too much by the advantages of her new position; 3rd, to enrich Prussia as much as possible, not only to compensate her for her ancient Polish provinces, which he had carried away from her by surprise, and which he retained because it pleased him to do so, but also to make her a useful and powerful ally, the only one on whom he could rely in the future. ”

This statement proves that each of the governments’ was out to do what benefitted them the most first, and not Europe as a whole. This expert also shows the growing allies between the countries governments making some stronger and others weaker.

Expert FromAT THE TIME OF THE BEGINNING OF THE PEACE ERA.1815THE VIENNA CONGRESS(Note 80, Vol. I.)

View of Foreign

Governments

Nobles View(explanation of picture above)The nobles meant from the France,

and others from different countries. The nobles were upset because they were poorly represented in the Congress of Vienna. Defeated France was represented by was represented by Prince Charles Maurice De Talleyrand.

“An Act of Navigation for the Congo, which, while having regard to local circumstances, extends to this river, its affluents, and the waters in its system, the general principles enunciated in Articles CVIII and CXVI of the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna, and intended to regulate, as between the Signatory Powers of that Act, the free navigation of the waterways separating or traversing several States—these said principles having since then been applied by agreement to certain rivers of Europe and America, but especially to the Danube, with the modifications stipulated by the Treaties of Paris (1856), of Berlin (1878), and of London (1871 and 1883). ”

Bourgeoisie View

The trade being opened up again helped the economy. This made the bourgeoisie happy.

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<http://chnm.gmu.edu/revolution/d/157/>. • Congress of Vienna. Photograph. Vienna. Liberty, Fraternity, Equality. Web. 2 Mar. 2010.

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