" ….. we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society, which we find in our country. …

- Dr. Vikram A. Sarabhai

Frank Admission : Existence of abundant down-to-earth problems of development.

Prudent assertion : Science &Technology being crucial apparatus for development.

Commitment : Science &Technology for socio-economic benefits in preference to display of grandeur.

• Military Superiority• Technological Dominance• Display of Grandeur

Indian Space Program is very different. Very deeply rooted to the society

SPACE POLICY

The Humble beginning

Mandate and Mantra

• Application of Space Technology for the benefit of the common man

India today runs and maintains its own space program

Remarkable benefits are being provided to the common man in timely & Cost- effective fashion

DID IT WORK ?

INSAT FAMILY

INSAT FAMILY

INSAT-1INSAT-2C,D

INSAT-2A,B

INSAT-2E

INSAT-3B

INSAT-4B

INSAT-3D

INSAT-3E

DTH

APPLE

GSAT-2

INSAT-3A

* ONE OF THE LARGEST DOMESTIC SATCOM SYSTEMS - Ku, C, S BANDS* MULTI-PURPOSE : TELECOM, TV, METEOROLOGY•200 TRANSPONDERS, GLOBAL/DOMESTIC BEAMS

EDUSAT

(GSAT-3)

BROADCAST Television Broadcasting Direct To Home (DTH) TV & Radio Networking

METEOROLOGICAL Meteorological Imaging Data Collection Platform Disaster Warning

OTHERS Mobile Satellite Service Search and Rescue Satellite Navigation

Speech Circuits On Trunk Routes

VSAT Connectivity

COMMUNICATION

INSAT SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

Tele-health Tele-education Emergency

Communication

DEVELOPMENTAL

Video+

Audio

Teaching-End Class Room-2Class Room-1

Audio

TELE EDUCATION

EduSat

5 Spot Beams in Ku Band1 National Beam in Ku Band 1 National Beam in Ext C Band (6 Channels)

Video+

Audio

180 Hospitals 146 Dist/ Rural Hospitals 34 Super Specialty Hospitals

Reaching the un-reached

AM B U LAN C E

Panel of Doctors

Video Conferencing

Health Specialist Centre

Pathology

Cardiology

Video Conferencing

TELE MEDICINE VIA SATELLITE

Referral Hospitals

CARTOSAT - 1CARTOSAT - 1PAN - 2.5M, 30 KM, PAN - 2.5M, 30 KM,

F/AF/A

RESOURCESAT-1RESOURCESAT-1LISS3 - 23 M; 4 XSLISS3 - 23 M; 4 XSLISS4 - 5.8 M; 3-XSLISS4 - 5.8 M; 3-XSAWIFS - 70 M; 4-XSAWIFS - 70 M; 4-XS

CARTOSAT-2CARTOSAT-2PAN - 1M PAN - 1M

MEGHA-TROPIQUESMEGHA-TROPIQUES SAPHIR SAPHIR

SCARAB & SCARAB & MADRASMADRAS

20032003

20052005

20072007

IRS-1C/1D LISS-3 (23/70M,STEERABLE PAN (5.8 M);

WiFS (188M)INSAT-2E CCD

(1KM RESOLUTION; EVERY 30 MNUTESS)

INDIAN IMAGING SYSTEMS

IMAGING IMPROVEMENTS 1KM TO 1.0 M RESOLUTION GLOBAL COVERAGE APPLICATION-SPECIFIC

19991999

IRS-P2 LISS-2

IRS-P3 WiFS MOS X-Ray

IRS-P4 OCEANSAT OCM, MSMR

IRS-1A/1B LISS-1&2 (72/36M,4 BANDS; VIS & NIR)

BHASKARA

RS-D119791979

19821982

1988/911988/91

1994199419961996

1995/19971995/1997

19991999

EARTH OBSERVATION – APPLICATIONS

WATERWATER Potential Drinking Potential Drinking

Water ZonesWater Zones Command Area Command Area

ManagementManagement Reservoir Reservoir

SedimentationSedimentation OCEANOCEAN Potential Fishing Potential Fishing

Zone (PFZ)Zone (PFZ) Coastal Zone Coastal Zone

MappingMapping

DISASTER SUPPORTDISASTER SUPPORT Flood Damage Flood Damage

AssessmentAssessment Drought MonitoringDrought Monitoring Land Slide Hazard Land Slide Hazard

ZonationZonation

FOREST, ENVIRONMENT, BIO Forest Cover & Type Mapping Forest Fire and Risk Mapping Biodiversity Characterisation Environmental Impact Studies

AGRICULTURE & SOILAGRICULTURE & SOIL Crop Acreage & Production Crop Acreage & Production

EstimationEstimation Soil & Land DegradationSoil & Land Degradation

MappingMapping Watershed DevelopmentWatershed Development Horticulture Mission for North-Horticulture Mission for North-

EastEast

LAND Landuse/Land Cover

Mapping Wasteland Mapping Urban Sprawl Studies Large Scale Mapping

WEATHER & CLIMATEWEATHER & CLIMATEExtended Range Extended Range

Monsoon ForecastingMonsoon ForecastingOcean State ForecastingOcean State Forecasting

Development of spatial information system on ground water covering problem states

More than 90% success rate in drilled sources (more than 2,00,000 in 7 states)

Ground Water Prospect Mapwith Sites for Recharge

Implementation and Feedback status

A milestone application towardsbuilding social infrastructure

Wells Drilled Success Rate (%)

Kerala 7,730

92

KAR 34,688 93

AP 35,139 93

MP 22,006 90

RAJ 67,775 90

CHG 34,413 93

RAJIV GANDHI NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION

PSLVPSLV GSLVGSLV GSLV GSLV MkIIIMkIII

Weight (T) 294 400 629

Payload (Kgs) 1,500 SSO 2,250 GTO 4,000 to 4,500 GTO

Flights 9 (1993-07) 4 (2001-06) --

ISRO LAUNCHERS

November 21, 1963

SLV-3 ASLV

TODAY, 2007

PSLV GSLV

ARYABHATA19.04.75

GSAT-208.05.03

KALPANA-112.09.02 INSAT-2E

03.04.99

INSAT-3B22.03.00

INSAT-3A10.04.03

IRS-1D29.09.97

RESOURCESAT-117.10.03

INSAT-3E28.09.03

TES22.10.01

INSAT-3C24.01.02

IRS-P426.05.99

Self reliance in launching

Self reliance in building satellites46+ 6 Spacecraft Missions 10 4LA

UN

CH V

EHIC

LESA

TELL

ITE

APPLICATION

S

22 Launch Vehicle Missions

EDUSAT20.09.04

HAMSAT05.05.05

CARTOSAT-105.05.05

FOUR DECADES OF INDIAN SPACE PROGRAMME

CARTOSAT-210.01.07

INSAT-4A22.12.05

SPACE SCIENCE

ASTROSAT

Chandrayaan-1India’s First Lunar Mission

First Lunar Mission

• The satellite construction is progressing.

• The launch is scheduled in 2008

Chandrayaan-1 Mission Objectives

High resolution imaging and chemical and mineralogical mapping of High resolution imaging and chemical and mineralogical mapping of lunar surface to define the process leading to the formation and lunar surface to define the process leading to the formation and chemical evolution of moon.chemical evolution of moon.o Remote sensing in visible, near Infra Red, low energy X-ray and high Remote sensing in visible, near Infra Red, low energy X-ray and high

energy X-ray regionsenergy X-ray regions Systematic topographic mapping of the Systematic topographic mapping of the whole surfacewhole surface of the moon. of the moon. Develop expertise of planning and execution of mission for sending S/C Develop expertise of planning and execution of mission for sending S/C

to orbit around moon, this exercise will help for future planetary to orbit around moon, this exercise will help for future planetary exploration missions.exploration missions.

To establish capability of planetary data analysis, data archival and To establish capability of planetary data analysis, data archival and dissemination.dissemination.

Chandrayaan-1 Mission Spin-offs

Realization of Deep Space Network (DSN)Realization of Deep Space Network (DSN) Establishment of Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC)Establishment of Indian Space Science Data Centre (ISSDC) With the concept of Announcement Of Opportunity (AO) With the concept of Announcement Of Opportunity (AO)

payloads, many space agencies are participating in payloads, many space agencies are participating in Chandrayaan-1 Chandrayaan-1

International Co-operation for Space science and Space International Co-operation for Space science and Space explorationexploration

Generation of interest among the student CommunityGeneration of interest among the student Community

Chandrayaan-1 Payloads

ISRO 1. Terrain Mapping Camera – ( TMC )2. Hyper Spectral Imager – ( HySI-VNIR )3. Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument – ( LLRI )4. High Energy X-ray payload – ( HEX )5. Moon IMPACT PROBE with MSM,

Video camera and an altimeter – ( MIP )Other Space Agencies / Research Institutions 1. Low Energy X-ray (CIXS & SXM): RAL,UK 2. Mini SAR(APL/NASA, USA) 3. SIR-2, Max Plank Inst, Germany 4. Sub Kev Atom Reflecting Analyzer – IRF, swedan;

JAXA,Japan; ISAS, Switzerland; SPL, India

5. Radiation Dose Monitor (Bulgaria)– ( RADOM )6. Moon Mineralogy Mapper (JPL/NASA,USA) – (M3)

Possible Future Missions

Basically four types of future missions are being envisaged.(These missions are a result of a thought process within the Indian Scientific community and are not Govt. approved ISRO projects yet)

Follow on mission to Moon: Considered time frame- 2011(Chandrayaan-2)

Asteroid / Comet flyby mission: Possible time frame- 2015

Mission to Mars :Timeframe- 2019

Human Mission : Timeframe 2020

Missions to other planets (Venus, Mercury…Vision beyond 2020)

Chandrayaan - 2• Mission includes Orbiter and Lander• Remote Sensing instruments• Lander might include robotics, rovers and penetrators.• Preferred landing sites, specific scientific problems and instruments

need to be finalized. Far side of the moon, particularly South Pole Aitkin (SPA) basin is a prime candidate.

• Considered time frame : 2011• Possible instruments on the orbiter:

– Terrain mapping camera– 400-4000nm hyper spectral Imager– Low energy X-ray spectrometer (CCD-array)– Gamma ray, neutron, alpha spectrometer

Mission to Asteroid

• Orbiter mission to a main belt Asteroid / CometOR

• Orbiter mission around a suitable to near earth asteroid coupled with flyby to one or more comets / asteroids

Possible time frame : 2015

Scientific objectives

Understanding Evolution of Asteroids Shape, Size, Mass and Composition of Asteroids Asteroids (e.g. Vesta and Ceres) as parent bodies of

meteorites (differentiated and stony type) Role of water/ice in controlling asteroid evolution Thermal history, differentiation and core size

Asteroid Mission: Science Goals & Mission Priorities

Understanding the very early processes operating in Planetesimals and hence in Planets

Comet mission configuration to be based on the outcome of other such missions

Surface and Interior of Comet Nucleus

Composition of dust and gas in the coma

Details of thermal balance and outflow (sublimation of Ice)

Solar radiations & solar wind interaction

Samples of Comet Dust for Laboratory Studies

COMA

SUN

NUCLEUS

ION TAIL

DUST TAIL

COMET ORBIT

Hydrogen Envelope

Target: Comet

Mission to Mars• Orbiter mission to Mars to study Mars

atmosphere, weather and solar wind-Mars interactions.

• Instruments to be developed are for studying weak magnetic field and plasma

• Timeframe : 2019

Thank You