fr exchange rate - open_jicareport.jica.go.jpopen_jicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/11772068_01.pdf ·...

Note: The following exchange rate are used in this report. 1.00 Balboa = US Dollar 1.00 = Japanese Yen 108

December 2003

Bocas del Toro Port

Almirante Port

Chiriqui Port

Coquira Port

La Palma Port

Final Report The Study on the Comprehensive Ports Development Plan in The Republic of Panama August 2004

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ACP : Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (Panama Canal Authority)

AMP : Autoridad Marítima de Panamá (Panama Maritime Authority)

ANAM : Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente (National Authority of Environment)

ANCON : Asociacion Nacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza /National Association for Nature Conservation

API : Administración Portuaria Integral (Integrated Port Administration)

APN : Autoridad Portuaria Nacional de Panamá (National Port Authority of Panama)

APSA : Atlantic Pacific, S.A.

ARI : Autoridad de la Región Interoceánica (Authority of the Interoceanic Region)

AUC : United Self Defense of Colombia

BFZA : Baru Free Zone Authority

BOO : Build-Own-Operate

BOT : Build-Operate-Transfer

CAPAC : Cámara Panameña de la Construcción (Panamanian Chamber of Construction)

CBP : Customs and Border Protection

CCT : Colon Container Terminal

CEMIS : Multimodal Industrial Service Center

CFZ : Colon Free Zone

CIQ : Customs, Immigration, Quarantine

COCATRAM : Commission of Central American Maritime Transport

CSI : Container Security Initiative

C-TPAT : Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism

DGRMC : General Directorate of Marine and Coastal Resources

DHS : Department of Homeland of Security

DINAAC : National Aquaculture Directorate

DMPSP : Development Master Plan for Selected Ports

DO : Dissolved Oxygen

EAP : Economic Active Population

ECMWF : European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts

EIA : Energy Information Association

EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment

EIRR : Economic Internal Rate of Return

FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FC : Fecal Coliform

FCCA : Asociacion de Cruceros de Florida y el Caribe (Florida and Caribbean Cruisers Association)

Draft Final Report The Study on the Comprehensive Ports Development Plan in The Republic of Panama August 2004

FDI : Foreign Direct Investment

FERTICA : Fertilizantes de Centro America (Panamá) S.A.

FFD : Fondo Fiduciario para el Desarrollo (Develop Fiduciary Funds)

FSPDP : Feasibility Studies for Priority Development Projects

FTAA : Free Trade Area of the Americas

GANTRAP : Not-traditional Agricultural Exporters Association of Panama

GCO : Office of General Comptroller

GDP : Gross Domestic Product

GMT : Gross Metric Tons

ICAVE : Internacional de Contenedores Asociados de Veracruz (Internacional Associated Containers of Veracruz)

IDAAN : Instituto de Acueductos y Alcantarillados Nacionales (National Institute of Aqueducts and Sewage)

IDB/IADB : Inter-American Development Bank

IEE : Initial Environmental Examination

IMO : International Maritime Organization

INCOP : Instituto Costarricense de Puertos del Pacífico (Pacific Port Institute of Costa Rica)

IPAT : Instituto Panameño de Turismo (Panamarian Institute of Tourism)

IPDP : Individual Port Development Plans

IQ : Individual Quota

ISPS Code : International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

IT : Information Technology

JAPDEVA : Junta de la Administración Portuaria y de Desarrollo Economico de la Vertiente Atlantica (Port Administration and Economic Development of Atlantic Slope Union)

JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency

JMA : Japan Meteorological Agency

JWA : Japan Weather Association

KCS : Kansas City Southern Railway

LLC : Lanigan Holdings

MARPOL : International Convention for Prevention of Marine Pollution

MEF : Ministerio de Economia y Finanzas (Ministry of Economy and Finance)

MICI : Ministry of Commerce and Industry

MIDA : Ministry of Agricultural Development

MIT : Mansanillo International Terminal

MIVI : Ministerio de Vivienda (Housing Ministry)

MOP : Ministerio de Obras Públicas (Ministry of Public Works)

MOPT : Ministry of Public Works and Transport


MSY : Maximum Sustainable Yield

MTSA : Maritime Transportation Security Act

NAMPF : Nationwide Allotment of Major Port Function

NMS : National Maritime Strategy

NMS : Servicio Maritimo Nacional (National Maritime Service)

NPDCP : National Port Development Conceptual Plan

NPS : National Port Strategy

OCUPA : Operadora de la Cuenca del Pacifico, S.A. de C.V (Pacific Basin Operator)

PCC : Pure Car Carrier

POT : Land Use Management Plan

PPC : Panama Port Company

PPP : Public and Private Partnership

PROPRIVAT : Unidad Coordinadora para el Proceso de Privatización (Coordinator Unity for Privatization Process)

PTP : Petro-terminal de Panama S.A.

RGDP : Regional Gross Domestic Product

SCF : Standard Conversión Factor

SCT : Secretary of Communications and Transportation

SIECA : Central Economic Integration System

SINCOTAVECOP : Sindicato de Conductores de Taxis y Vehículos Comerciales de la Provincia (Union of Taxi Drivers and Commercial Vehicles of the Province)

SOLAS : International Convention for Safety of Life at Sea

SPC : Special Purpose Company

TAC : Total Allowable Catch

THC : Total Hydrocarbon

TMM : Transportacion Marítima Mexicana (Mexican Maritime Transportation)

TN : Total Nitrogen

TP : Total Phosphorus

TSA : Transport Security Administration (United States)

UNFPA : United Nations Population Fund

UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

USAID : U.S. Agency for International Development

UCST : Coordinator Unit of the Transportation Sector

UTM : Universal Transverse Mercator’s Projection System

VAF : Value-Added Facility

VAS : Value-Added Service

VIPA : Virgin Island Port Authority

WB : World Bank


Page i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

(Volume 2)

Master Plan and Feasibility Study

Perspectives List of Abbreviations List of Tables and Figures

Page

12. MASTER PLAN OF BOCAS DEL TORO PORT ................................................................ 1

12.1 Development Scenario .................................................................................................... 1 12.1.1 Rationale ........................................................................................................... 1 12.1.2 Development Scenario ...................................................................................... 2

12.2 Demand ........................................................................................................................... 5 12.2.1 Present Circumstances in Bocas del Toro......................................................... 5 12.2.2 Present Passenger Movement............................................................................ 5 12.2.3 Passenger Movement Forecast .......................................................................... 8

12.3 Natural Conditions .......................................................................................................... 10 12.3.1 Topographic and Bathymetric Conditions ........................................................ 10 12.3.2 Oceanographic Conditions ................................................................................ 14 12.3.3 Subsoil Conditions ............................................................................................ 14

12.4 Environmental Condition ................................................................................................ 19 12.4.1 Water Environment ........................................................................................... 19 12.4.2 Coastal Ecology................................................................................................. 21 12.4.3 Social Environmental Aspects .......................................................................... 22

12.5 Facility Planning and Layout .......................................................................................... 24 12.5.1 Requirement of the Port .................................................................................... 24 12.5.2 Berth Requirements........................................................................................... 25

12.6 Preliminary Design of Facilities ..................................................................................... 26 12.6.1 Design Concept ................................................................................................. 26 12.6.2 Design Conditions............................................................................................. 27 12.6.3 Design of Berthing Facilities ............................................................................ 29

12.7 Project Implementation ................................................................................................... 34 12.7.1 Project Site ........................................................................................................ 34 12.7.2 Construction Method for the Major Facilities .................................................. 34 12.7.3 Purchase of the Materials.................................................................................. 35 12.7.4 Mobilization of the Construction Equipment.................................................... 36

12.8 Project Costs and Capital Expenditure ........................................................................... 36 12.8.1 Project Costs ..................................................................................................... 36 12.8.2 Capital Expenditure........................................................................................... 37


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12.9 Administration and Management .................................................................................... 38 12.9.1 Items to be Taken into Consideration in the Planning ...................................... 39 12.9.2 Administration and Management Plan.............................................................. 40

12.10 Economic Analysis.......................................................................................................... 42 12.10.1 Objective of Economic Analysis....................................................................... 42 12.10.2 Flow of Economic Analysis .............................................................................. 42 12.10.3 Standard Conversion Factor (SCF) ................................................................... 43 12.10.4 Scope of the Economic Analysis....................................................................... 43 12.10.5 Estimation of the Economic Cost...................................................................... 43 12.10.6 Estimation of the Benefit .................................................................................. 45 12.10.7 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) ........................................................ 46

12.11 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) ....................................................................... 46 12.12 Recommendations on Regional Economic Development ............................................... 49

13. MASTER PLAN OF CHIRIQUI PORT ................................................................................ 51

13.1 Development Scenario .................................................................................................... 51 13.1.1 Rationale ........................................................................................................... 51 13.1.2 Development Scenario ...................................................................................... 54

13.2 Demand ........................................................................................................................... 59 13.2.1 Import Cargo ..................................................................................................... 59 13.2.2 Export Cargo ..................................................................................................... 63

13.3 Natural Conditions .......................................................................................................... 70 13.3.1 Topographic and Bathymetric Conditions ........................................................ 71 13.3.2 Oceanographic Conditions ................................................................................ 71 13.3.3 Subsoil Conditions ............................................................................................ 73

13.4 Environmental Condition ................................................................................................ 76 13.4.1 Water Environment ........................................................................................... 76 13.4.2 Coastal Ecology................................................................................................. 78 13.4.3 Social Environmental Aspects .......................................................................... 78

13.5 Facility Planning and Layout .......................................................................................... 79 13.5.1 Requirements of the Ports ................................................................................. 79 13.5.2 Berth Requirements........................................................................................... 79 13.5.3 Breakwater Alignment and Harbor Calmness................................................... 80

13.6 Preliminary Design of Facilities ..................................................................................... 84 13.6.1 Design Concept ................................................................................................. 84 13.6.2 Design Conditions............................................................................................. 84 13.6.3 Design of Multi-purpose Berth Facilities.......................................................... 87 13.6.4 Design of Reefer Ship Berth Facilities ............................................................. 88 13.6.5 Design of Tuna Berth Facilities ........................................................................ 89 13.6.6 Design of Breakwater........................................................................................ 90

13.7 Project Implementation ................................................................................................... 97 13.7.1 Project Site ........................................................................................................ 97 13.7.2 Construction Method for the Major Facilities .................................................. 97


Page iii

13.7.3 Purchase of the Materials.................................................................................. 99 13.7.4 Mobilization of the Construction Equipment.................................................... 99

13.8 Project Costs and Capital Expenditure ...........................................................................100 13.8.1 Project Costs .....................................................................................................100 13.8.2 Capital Expenditure...........................................................................................101

13.9 Administration and Management ....................................................................................101 13.9.1 Items to be Taken into Consideration of the Planning......................................101 13.9.2 Administration and Management Plan..............................................................102

13.10 Economic Analysis..........................................................................................................104 13.10.1 Scope of the Economic Analysis.......................................................................104 13.10.2 Estimation of the Economic Cost......................................................................104 13.10.3 Estimation of the Benefit ..................................................................................104 13.10.4 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) ........................................................106

13.11 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) .......................................................................107 13.12 Recommendations on Regional Economic Development ...............................................111

14. MASTER PLAN OF COQUIRA PORT.................................................................................112

14.1 Development Scenario ....................................................................................................112 14.1.1 Basic Development Needs ................................................................................112 14.1.2 Development Targets ........................................................................................113 14.1.3 Benefits by Development ..................................................................................114

14.2 Traffic Demand ...............................................................................................................117 14.2.1 Cargo Traffic.....................................................................................................117 14.2.2 Analysis of Ship Calls.......................................................................................120

14.3 Natural Conditions ..........................................................................................................122 14.3.1 Topographic and Bathymetric Conditions ........................................................122 14.3.2 Hydraulic Conditions ........................................................................................122 14.3.3 Subsoil Conditions ............................................................................................128

14.4 Environmental Condition ................................................................................................130 14.4.1 Water Environment ...........................................................................................130 14.4.2 Riverine Ecology...............................................................................................131 14.4.3 Social Environmental Aspects ..........................................................................131

14.5 Facility Planning and Layout ..........................................................................................132 14.5.1 Berth..................................................................................................................132 14.5.2 Storage Space ....................................................................................................134 14.5.3 Cargo Handling Equipment...............................................................................134 14.5.4 Administration Functions..................................................................................135

14.6 Preliminary Design of Facilities .....................................................................................135 14.6.1 Design Concept .................................................................................................135 14.6.2 Design Conditions.............................................................................................136 14.6.3 Design of Berthing Facilities ............................................................................137


Page iv

14.7 Project Implementation ...................................................................................................141 14.7.1 Project Site ........................................................................................................141 14.7.2 Construction Method for the Major Facilities ..................................................141 14.7.3 Purchase of the Materials..................................................................................142 14.7.4 Mobilization of the Construction Equipment....................................................143


14.9 Administration and Management ....................................................................................145 14.9.1 Items to be Taken into Consideration in the Planning ......................................145 14.9.2 Administration and Management Plan..............................................................146

14.10 Economic Analysis..........................................................................................................147 14.10.1 The Scope of the Economic Analysis ...............................................................147 14.10.2 The Identification of the “Without Case” .........................................................147 14.10.3 The Estimation of the Economic Cost ..............................................................148 14.10.4 The Estimation of the Benefit ...........................................................................149 14.10.5 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) ........................................................149

14.11 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) .......................................................................151 14.12 Recommendations on Regional Economic Development ...............................................154

15. MASTER PLAN OF LA PALMA PORT...............................................................................155

15.1 Development Scenario ....................................................................................................155 15.1.1 Basic Development Needs ................................................................................155 15.1.2 Development Targets ........................................................................................155 15.1.3 Present Status of Shrimp Fishing ......................................................................157

15.2 Production and Staged Development ..............................................................................159 15.2.1 Fishing Ground and Shrimp Production ...........................................................159 15.2.2 Shrimp Landing by Industrial Shrimp Trawlers ...............................................160 15.2.3 Fish Landing by Local Artisanal Fishing Boats................................................161

15.3 Natural Conditions ..........................................................................................................165 15.3.1 Topographic and Bathymetric Conditions ........................................................165 15.3.2 Hydraulic Conditions ........................................................................................165 15.3.3 Subsoil Conditions ............................................................................................167

15.4 Environmental Condition ................................................................................................170 15.4.1 Water Environment ...........................................................................................170 15.4.2 Coastal Ecology.................................................................................................172 15.4.3 Social Environmental Aspects ..........................................................................172

15.5 Facility Planning and Layout ..........................................................................................173 15.5.1 Dimensions of Fishing Boats ............................................................................173 15.5.2 Dimensions of Port Facilities at La Palma........................................................173 15.5.3 Ice Making Plant ...............................................................................................175 15.5.4 Fuel Consumption by Fishing Boats .................................................................177 15.5.5 Water Supply.....................................................................................................179


Page v

15.6 Preliminary Design of Facilities .....................................................................................179 15.6.1 Design Concept .................................................................................................179 15.6.2 Design Conditions.............................................................................................179 15.6.3 Design of Berthing Facilities ............................................................................181 15.6.4 Design of Ramp.................................................................................................182 15.6.5 Sediment Transport and Design Consideration ................................................183 15.6.6 Design of Ice Plant ............................................................................................184

15.7 Project Implementation ...................................................................................................189 15.7.1 Project Site ........................................................................................................189 15.7.2 Construction Method for the Major Facilities ..................................................189 15.7.3 Purchase of the Materials..................................................................................190 15.7.4 Mobilization of the Construction Equipment....................................................191


15.9 Administration and Management....................................................................................194 15.9.1 Items to be Taken into Consideration in the Planning ......................................194 15.9.2 Administration and Management Plan..............................................................194

15.10 Economic Analysis..........................................................................................................196 15.10.1 Scope of the Economic Analysis.......................................................................196 15.10.2 Estimation of the Economic Cost......................................................................196 15.10.3 Estimation of the Benefit ..................................................................................197 15.10.4 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) ........................................................198

15.11 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) .......................................................................199 15.12 Recommendations and Regional Development ..............................................................202

16. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON BOCAS DEL TORO PORT SHORT-TERM PROJECT ....205

16.1 Identification of Short-term Development Projects ........................................................205 16.2 Facility Requirements and Layout ..................................................................................205

16.2.1 Facility Requirements .......................................................................................205 16.2.2 Port Layout Plan................................................................................................205 16.2.3 Design of Port Facilities....................................................................................206

16.3 Project Implementation ...................................................................................................214 16.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................214 16.3.2 Project Cost .......................................................................................................214 16.3.3 Implementation Schedule..................................................................................215

16.4 Administration and Management ....................................................................................215 16.4.1 Port Infrastructure Development Scheme .........................................................216 16.4.2 Conditions for Private Participation..................................................................218 16.4.3 Administration, Management and Operation....................................................219 16.4.4 Recommendations .............................................................................................219


Page vi

16.5 Economic Analysis..........................................................................................................220 16.5.1 Sensitivity Analysis...........................................................................................220 16.5.2 Qualitative Evaluation of Economic Benefit ....................................................221 16.5.3 Conclusion.........................................................................................................221

16.6 Financial Analysis...........................................................................................................221 16.6.1 Objective of Financial Analysis ........................................................................221 16.6.2 Common Procedure and Assumptions of the Financial Analysis .....................221 16.6.3 Scope of Financial Analysis..............................................................................223 16.6.4 Assumptions employed in the Financial Scheme of the Project .......................224 16.6.5 Estimation of the Financial Cost .......................................................................224 16.6.6 Estimation of the Financial Revenue ................................................................225 16.6.7 Financial internal Rate of Return (FIRR) .........................................................226 16.6.8 Pro Forma Financial Statements .......................................................................226 16.6.9 Financial Evaluation of the Project...................................................................229 16.6.10 Sensitivity Analysis on FIRR............................................................................230 16.6.11 Financial Evaluation of the Project...................................................................230

16.7 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) .......................................................................230

17. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON CHIRIQUI PORT SHORT-TERM PROJECT.....................236

17.1 Identification of Short-term Development Projects ........................................................236 17.2 Facility Requirements and Layout ..................................................................................238




17.5 Economic Analysis..........................................................................................................251 17.5.1 Sensitivity analysis............................................................................................251 17.5.2 Sensitivity Analysis on EIRR............................................................................251 17.5.3 Qualitative Evaluation of Economic Benefit ....................................................252 17.5.4 Conclusion.........................................................................................................252

17.6 Financial Analysis...........................................................................................................252 17.6.1 Scope of Financial Analysis..............................................................................252 17.6.2 Establish of Special Purpose Company (SPC)..................................................252 17.6.3 Assumed Financial Scheme of the Project........................................................253 17.6.4 Estimation of the Financial Cost .......................................................................253


Page vii

17.6.5 Estimation of the Financial Revenue ................................................................254 17.6.6 Financial Internal Rate of Return (FIRR) .........................................................255 17.6.7 Pro Forma Financial Statements .......................................................................255 17.6.8 Financial Ratios.................................................................................................257 17.6.9 Sensitivity Analysis on FIRR............................................................................258 17.6.10 Financial Evaluation of the Project...................................................................258


18. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON COQUIRA PORT SHORT-TERM PROJECT.....................268

18.1 Identification of Short-term Development Project..........................................................268 18.2 Facility Requirements and Layout ..................................................................................268


18.3 Project Implementation ...................................................................................................274 18.3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................274 18.3.2 Project Cost .......................................................................................................274 18.3.3 Implementation Schedule..................................................................................274


18.5 Economic Analysis..........................................................................................................276 18.5.1 Sensitivity Analysis...........................................................................................276 18.5.2 Sensitivity Analysis on EIRR............................................................................276 18.5.3 Qualitative Evaluation of Economic Benefit ....................................................277 18.5.4 Conclusion.........................................................................................................277

18.6 Financial Analysis...........................................................................................................277 18.6.1 Scope of Financial Analysis..............................................................................277 18.6.2 Assumed Financial scheme of the Project ........................................................277 18.6.3 Estimation of the Financial Cost .......................................................................278 18.6.4 Estimation of the Financial Revenue ................................................................280 18.6.5 Financial internal Rate of Return (FIRR) .........................................................280 18.6.6 Pro Forma Financial Statements .......................................................................281 18.6.7 Financial Ratios.................................................................................................283 18.6.8 Sensitivity Analysis on FIRR............................................................................283 18.6.9 Financial Evaluation of the Project...................................................................284


19. FEASIBILITY STUDY ON LA PALMA PORT SHORT-TERM PROJECT ...................289

19.1 Identification of Short-term Development Project..........................................................289 19.2 Facility Requirements and Layout ..................................................................................289

19.2.1 Facility Requirements .......................................................................................289


Page viii

19.2.2 Port Layout Plan................................................................................................290 19.2.3 Design of Port Facilities....................................................................................290



19.5 Economic Analysis..........................................................................................................302 19.5.1 Scope of the Economic Analysis.......................................................................302 19.5.2 Estimation of the Economic Cost......................................................................302 19.5.3 Estimation of the Benefit ..................................................................................304 19.5.4 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) ........................................................304 19.5.5 Sensitivity Analysis on EIRR............................................................................305 19.5.6 Qualitative Evaluation of Economic Benefit ....................................................305 19.5.7 Conclusion.........................................................................................................305

19.6 Financial Analysis...........................................................................................................306 19.6.1 Scope of Financial Analysis..............................................................................306 19.6.2 Assumed Financial Scheme of the Project........................................................306 19.6.3 Estimation of the Financial Cost .......................................................................307 19.6.4 Estimation of the Financial Revenue ................................................................308 19.6.5 Financial internal Rate of Return (FIRR) .........................................................308 19.6.6 Pro Forma Financial Statements .......................................................................309 19.6.7 Financial Ratios.................................................................................................311 19.6.8 Sensitivity Analysis on FIRR............................................................................311 19.6.9 Financial Evaluation of the Project...................................................................311 19.6.10 Summary of the Assumed Financial Scheme of the Projects............................312


20. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................318

20.1 Conclusions .....................................................................................................................318 20.2 Recommendations ...........................................................................................................328

20.2.1 For the Realization of the Mission and Vision of AMP ...................................328 20.2.2 For the Implementation of the Nationwide Port Development Plan.................334 20.2.3 Steps to realize the Master Plans for the Selected Ports ...................................336 20.2.4 Implementation of the Priority Projects ............................................................341


Page ix

(Volume 1)

Nationwide Port Development

Preface Letter of Transmittal Perspectives List of Abbreviations List of Tables and Figures

Page

1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Outline of the Study ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Background of the Study................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Study Area....................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Study Team ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Study Reports .................................................................................................................. 4 1.6 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................... 4

2. PRESENT SOCIO ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK................................................................ 7

2.1 Social Framework ........................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Macro Economic Indicators ............................................................................................ 17 2.3 Industry Scan................................................................................................................... 36

3. POLICIES AND PROJECTS FOR NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ..................................................................................................................... 89

3.1 Economic Development Policies .................................................................................... 89 3.2 Ongoing Developments................................................................................................... 98

4. NATURAL CONDITIONS OF PANAMA.............................................................................118

4.1 Geomorphology...............................................................................................................118 4.2 Land Use .........................................................................................................................120 4.3 Vegetation .......................................................................................................................120 4.4 Meteorology ....................................................................................................................121 4.5 Geology ...........................................................................................................................125 4.6 Marine Climate................................................................................................................129 4.7 Natural Disasters .............................................................................................................131

5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF PANAMA ..............................................................134

5.1 Overall Environment .......................................................................................................134 5.2 Coastal Water Environment ............................................................................................136 5.3 Environmental Laws, Regulations and Standards...........................................................137


Page x

6. PORT SECTOR OF PANAMA...............................................................................................141

6.1 Maritime Network...........................................................................................................141 6.2 National Port System.......................................................................................................164 6.3 Capacity of the Existing Port Infrastructure ...................................................................175

7. FUTURE SOCIO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK .................................................................209

7.1 Basic Assumptions and Development Constraints .........................................................209 7.2 Population Forecasts .......................................................................................................220 7.3 Economic Forecasts ........................................................................................................252 7.4 Summary Conclusions.....................................................................................................283

8. DEMAND FORECAST OF PORT TRAFFIC OF PANAMA .............................................287

8.1 Forecast of Import/Export Cargo ....................................................................................287 8.2 Forecast of Transshipment Cargo ...................................................................................296 8.3 Summary .........................................................................................................................299 8.4 Detailed Traffic Forecast of Each Port ...........................................................................300

9. NATIONAL PORT STRATEGY ............................................................................................322

9.1 Basic Policies of the National Port Strategy ...................................................................322 9.2 Roles of Port Sector and Basic Policy for Promotion.....................................................327 9.3 Nationwide Port Planning Structure ...............................................................................336

10. NATIONWIDE PORT DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................338

10.1 Nationwide Port Development Plan (NPDP) ..................................................................338 10.2 Individual Port Development Plans.................................................................................359 10.3 Port Administration and Management Plans...................................................................381

11. SELECTION OF PORTS SUBJECT TO MASTER PLANNING ......................................392

11.1 Policy and Directions Employed in the Identification of the Projects............................392 11.2 Development Concepts of Major National Ports ............................................................395 11.3 Selection of Ports Subject to Master Planning................................................................398

(Volume 3)

Supporting Report

Page

APPENDIX A Financial Conditions of Government and AMP ......................................... A -1

A.1 Financial Condition of the Public Sector ........................................................................... A - 1 A.2 The Financial Condition of the AMP................................................................................. A - 3


Page xi

APPENDIX B Administration and Management of AMP .................................................. B - 1

B.1 Administration and Management of Port ........................................................................... B - 1 B.2 Port Management and Operation........................................................................................ B -17 B.3 Concession.......................................................................................................................... B -21

APPENDIX C Present Conditions of Port Sector ................................................................ C - 1

C.1 Outline of Ports .................................................................................................................. C - 1

APPENDIX D Aguadulce Port and River Channel ............................................................. D - 1

APPENDIX E Wave Analyses on the Pacific Coast............................................................. E - 1

E.1 General ............................................................................................................................... E - 1 E.2 Scope of the Analyses ........................................................................................................ E - 1 E.3 Methodologies of the Analyses .......................................................................................... E - 3 E.4 Results of the Analyses ...................................................................................................... E - 9

APPENDIX F Design Criteria of Port Facilities.................................................................. F - 1

F.1 Design Basis ....................................................................................................................... F - 1 F.2 Natural Conditions ............................................................................................................. F - 2 F.3 Material Conditions............................................................................................................ F - 9 F.4 Structure Design Methods.................................................................................................. F -12 F.5 Particular Design Criteria................................................................................................... F -15

APPENDIX G Unit Rates of Construction Works in Panama............................................ G - 1

G.1 Unit Price of Materials ....................................................................................................... G - 1 G.2 Manpower Cost .................................................................................................................. G - 4

APPENDIX H Port Administration and Privatization in Costa Rica and Nicaragua ...... H - 1

H.1 Port Administration and Operation/Management System.................................................. H - 1 H.2 Privatization........................................................................................................................ H - 3 H.3 Private Ports and Concession ............................................................................................. H - 3 H.4 Coordination and Cooperation among the Countries in Central America ......................... H - 4

APPENDIX I Port Management in Mexico and Jamaica .................................................. I - 1

I.1 Mexico................................................................................................................................ I - 1 I.2 Jamaica ............................................................................................................................... I - 6 I.3 Summary and Findings....................................................................................................... I - 9

APPENDIX J Study on Cruise Tourism in Caribbean Sea................................................ J - 1

J.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ J - 1 J.2 Ports of Call........................................................................................................................ J - 3 J.3 Findings and Summary....................................................................................................... J -16


Page xii

APPENDIX K Workshop Report........................................................................................... K - 1

K.1 General ............................................................................................................................... K - 1 K.2 Discussion note of Workshop at Bocas del Toro ............................................................... K - 2 K.3 Workshop at David............................................................................................................. K -11 K.4 Discussion Notes of the Workshops at La Palma .............................................................. K -16 K.5 Workshop at Vacamonte .................................................................................................... K -20 K.6 Workshop at Colon............................................................................................................. K -27

APPENDIX L Panama Maritime Strategy........................................................................... L - 1

L.1 English Translation by the Study Team ............................................................................. L - 1 L.2 Original (Spanish) Panama Maritime Strategy .................................................................. L - 4

APPENDIX M Panama Trade ................................................................................................ M - 1

APPENDIX N The Sensitivity Analysis on EIRR and FIRR of the Priority Project ....... N - 1

APPENDIX O Environmental Field Surveys ....................................................................... O - 1

O.1 Initial Field Survey............................................................................................................. O - 1 O.2 Supplemental Field Survey ................................................................................................ O -21

APPENDIX P Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ................................................... P - 1

P.1 Bocas del Toro and Almirante Ports Project...................................................................... P - 1 P.2 Chiriqui Port Project .......................................................................................................... P -19 P.3 Coquira Port Project ........................................................................................................... P -39 P.4 La Palma Port Project......................................................................................................... P -51 P.5 Recommendation................................................................................................................ P -64


Page xiii

LIST OF TABLES

(Volume 2)


Page

Table 12.2.1 Passenger Movement on Expreso Taxi 25 S.A. ...................................................... 5 Table 12.2.2 Passenger Movement (1) on Bocas Marine & Tours, Almirante-Bocas ................. 6 Table 12.2.3 Passenger Movement (2) on Bocas Marine & Tours, Bocas-Changuinola ............. 6 Table 12.2.4 Passenger Classification by Route........................................................................... 6 Table 12.2.5 Passenger Movement on Boat Taxis ....................................................................... 7 Table 12.2.6 Bus Network in Bocas del Toro .............................................................................. 8 Table 12.2.7 Number of Passengers by Airports in Bocas del Toro ............................................ 8 Table 12.2.8 Nationality by Route................................................................................................ 9 Table 12.2.9 Passenger Route by Nationality............................................................................... 9 Table 12.2.10 Number of Trip for Passengers in 2003................................................................... 9 Table 12.2.11 Passenger Movement by Route and by Nationality in 2024.................................... 9 Table 12.2.12 Passenger Movement in 2024.................................................................................. 10 Table 12.3.1 Summary of Oceanographic Conditions.................................................................. 14 Table 12.5.1 Calculation of Berth Requirement at Bocas del Toro Port...................................... 25 Table 12.6.1 Tide Levels at Bocas del Toro Port ......................................................................... 27 Table 12.6.2 Dimensions of Target Vessels ................................................................................. 28 Table 12.8.1 Preliminary Cost for Master Plan of Bocas del Toro / Almirante........................... 37 Table 12.8.2 Capital Expenditure Schedule for Master Plan of Bocas del Toro/Almirante ........ 38 Table 12.10.1 Standard Conversion Rate ....................................................................................... 43 Table 12.10.2 Overall Cost and EIRR of the Bocas del Toro / Almirante Port Project................. 44 Table 12.10.3 Economic Benefit of the Bocas del Toro / Almirante Port Project ......................... 45 Table 12.11.1 Format for Screening-Bocas del Toro and Almirante Master Plan ......................... 48 Table 12.11.2 Checklist for Scoping-Bocas del Toro and Almirante Master Plan ........................ 49 Table 13.1.1 Probability of Occurrence of Ocean Waves off Chiriqui Coast .............................. 58 Table 13.1.2 Modification of Probability of Occurrence Employing the Refraction Effects ...... 58 Table 13.1.3 Probability of Occurrence of Wave Height at the Project Site................................ 58 Table 13.2.1 Regional Distribution of Population in 2024........................................................... 59 Table 13.2.2 Regional Distribution of Chicken, Roosters and Hens............................................ 60 Table 13.2.3 Fertilizer Consumption in the Chiriqui Area in 2003.............................................. 60 Table 13.2.4 GDP Share of the Chiriqui Area.............................................................................. 61 Table 13.2.5 Main Origins of the Imported Containerizable Cargoes ......................................... 62 Table 13.2.6 Imported Containerizable Cargo from Countries located at the Pacific Coast ....... 62 Table 13.2.7 Sugar Exports at Panamanian Ports......................................................................... 63 Table 13.2.8 Banana Exports from Panama ................................................................................. 63 Table 13.2.9 Exported Agricultural and Agro-processed Products in Panama ............................ 64 Table 13.2.10 Past and Future Exported Volume of Melon & Watermelon .................................. 64


Page xiv

Table 13.2.11 Regional Production Rate of Melon & Watermelon ............................................... 65 Table 13.2.12 Past and Future Exported Volume of Pumpkin ....................................................... 65 Table 13.2.13 Regional Production Rate of Pumpkin .................................................................... 66 Table 13.2.14 Past and Future Exported Volume of Plantain, Name, Yuca and Otoe................... 66 Table 13.2.15 Regional Production Rate of Plantain, Name, Yuca and Otoe................................ 67 Table 13.2.16 Regional Production Rate of Coffee........................................................................ 68 Table 13.2.17 Past and Future Exported Volume of Cattle............................................................ 68 Table 13.2.18 Regional Production Rate of Cattle ......................................................................... 69 Table 13.2.19 Export of Agricultural and Agro-processing Products in 2024............................... 70 Table 13.2.20 Future Cargo to be handled in the New Chiriqui Port............................................. 70 Table 13.3.1 Summary of Oceanographic Conditions.................................................................. 73 Table 13.5.1 Port Calls and Berth Occupancy of Cargo Ships..................................................... 80 Table 13.5.2 Port Calls and Berth Occupancy of Tuna Boats and Reefer Ships.......................... 80 Table 13.5.3 Structure Type and Wave Reflection Coefficient ................................................... 81 Table 13.5.4 Threshold Wave Height for Cargo Handling .......................................................... 82 Table 13.5.5 The Results of the Simulation (Master Plan Case).................................................. 83 Table 13.6.1 Tide Levels at Chiriqui Port .................................................................................... 84 Table 13.6.2 Dimensions of Target Vessels ................................................................................. 86 Table 13.6.3 Permissible Rate of Water Overtopping.................................................................. 90 Table 13.6.4 Damage Limit Rate of Overtopping ........................................................................ 90 Table 13.8.1 Preliminary Cost for Master Plan of Chiriqui Port..................................................100 Table 13.8.2 Capital Expenditure Schedule for Master Plan of Chiriqui Port .............................101 Table 13.10.1 Overall Cost and EIRR of the New Chiriqui Port ...................................................106 Table 13.10.2 Overall Economic Benefit of New Chiriqui Port Project........................................107 Table 13.11.1 Format for Screening-Chiriqui Master Plan ............................................................109 Table 13.11.2 Checklist for Scoping-Chiriqui Master Plan ...........................................................110 Table 14.1.1 Port Facilities: Panama Port (Fiscal Pier)................................................................112 Table 14.1.2 Short-term Targets of Coquira Port Development...................................................114 Table 14.2.1 Cargo Traffic Record at Panama Port by Origin/Destination .................................117 Table 14.2.2 Cargo Traffic Forecast at Panama Port by Origin/Destination ...............................120 Table 14.2.3 Cargo Ships plying between Panama Port - Darien and Islands..............................121 Table 14.3.1 Summary of Hydraulic Conditions..........................................................................128 Table 14.5.1 Configuration of Administration Building ..............................................................135 Table 14.6.1 Tide Levels at Coquira Port.....................................................................................136 Table 14.6.2 Dimensions of Target Vessels .................................................................................137 Table 14.8.1 Preliminary Cost for Master Plan of Coquira Port ..................................................144 Table 14.8.2 Capital Expenditure Schedule for Master Plan of Coquira Port .............................144 Table 14.10.1 The Overall Cost and EIRR of the Coquira Port Project.........................................148 Table 14.10.2 The Economic Benefit of the Coquira Port Project.................................................150 Table 14.11.1 Format for Screening-Coquira Master Plan.............................................................152 Table 14.11.2 Checklist for Scoping-Coquira Master Plan............................................................153


Page xv

Table 15.1.1 Number of Licensed Fishing Boats by Fishing Activity .........................................158 Table 15.1.2 Production of Shrimp by Industrial Fishing in Panama...........................................158 Table 15.1.3 Change of Export Prices of Shrimps in Panama......................................................158 Table 15.2.1 Production of Camaron Blanco by Fishing Ground in Panama ..............................160 Table 15.2.2 Estimate of Artisanal Fishing Activity in Darien Region........................................162 Table 15.2.3 Production of Camaron Blanco by fishing Ground .................................................164 Table 15.3.1 Summary of Hydraulic Conditions..........................................................................167 Table 15.5.1 Dimensions of Fishing Boat (Maximum Size) ........................................................173 Table 15.5.2 Fish-catch by Sail and by Boat type (La Palma) .....................................................175 Table 15.5.3 Estimation of Ice loaded in Fishing Boats (La Palma)............................................175 Table 15.5.4 Ice Consumption Volume for Fishing (La Palma) ..................................................176 Table 15.5.5 Ice Consumption Volume for Distribution (La Palma) ...........................................176 Table 15.5.6 General Characteristics of Ice in Type ....................................................................177 Table 15.6.1 Tide Levels at La Palma Port ..................................................................................180 Table 15.6.2 Dimensions of Target Vessels .................................................................................181 Table 15.6.3 General Description of Ice Plant .............................................................................184 Table 15.8.1 Preliminary Cost for Master Plan of La Palma Port................................................192 Table 15.8.2 Capital Expenditure Schedule for Master Plan of La Palma Port ...........................193 Table 15.10.1 Overall Cost and EIRR of the La Palma Port Project..............................................197 Table 15.10.2 Overall Benefit of The La Palma Port Project.........................................................198 Table 15.11.1 Format for screening-La Palma Master Plan ...........................................................200 Table 15.11.2 Checklist for Scoping-La Palma Master Plan..........................................................201 Table 16.2.1 Summary of Facilities at Bocas del Toro and Almirante ........................................205 Table 16.2.2 Comparison of Quay Structure Types .....................................................................210 Table 16.3.1 Project Cost for Feasibility Study of Bocas del Toro / Almirante ..........................214 Table 16.3.2 Project Implementation Schedule for Bocas del Toro/Almirante Port....................215 Table 16.4.1 Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in the development of Port infrastructure ..........217 Table 16.6.1 Estimate of FIRR for Bocas del Toro/Almirante Port Project ................................225 Table 16.6.2 Estimate of Port Fee from Ships in Bocas del Toro / Almirante Port Project.........226 Table 16.6.3 Pro Forma Financial Statements for Bocas del Toro / Almirante Port Project .......227 Table 16.7.1 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Construction Stage) .......................................233 Table 16.7.2 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Operation Stage) ............................................234 Table 17.1.1 Assumptions Employed in Berth Occupancy Rate..................................................238 Table 17.2.1 Summary of Facilities at Chiriqui Port....................................................................238 Table 17.2.2 Outline of Buildings at Chiriqui Port ......................................................................239 Table 17.2.3 Comparison of Quay Structure Types for Multi-purpose Berth..............................243 Table 17.2.4 Comparison of Quay Structure Types for Reefer Ship/Tuna Berth ........................244 Table 17.3.1 Project Cost for the Feasibility Study of Chiriqui Port ...........................................248 Table 17.3.2 Project Implementation Schedule for Chiriqui Port ................................................249 Table 17.6.1 Estimate of FIRR for New Chiriqui Port Project ....................................................254


Page xvi

Table 17.6.2 Pro Forma Financial Statements for New Chiriqui Port Project .............................256 Table 17.7.1 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Construction Stage) .......................................264 Table 17.7.2 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Operation Stage) ............................................266 Table 18.1.1 Short-term Development Project .............................................................................268 Table 18.2.1 Summary of Facilities at Coquira Port ....................................................................268 Table 18.2.2 Outline of Buildings at Coquira Port.......................................................................269 Table 18.2.3 Comparison of Quay Structural Type......................................................................272 Table 18.3.1 Project Cost for the Feasibility Study of Coquira Port............................................274 Table 18.3.2 Project Implementation Schedule for Coquira Port.................................................275 Table 18.6.1 Estimate of FIRR for Coquira Port Project .............................................................279 Table 18.6.2 Pro Forma Financial Statements for Coquira Port Project ......................................281 Table 18.7.1 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Construction Stage) .......................................287 Table 18.7.2 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Operation Stage) ............................................288 Table 19.1.1 Short-term Development Project .............................................................................289 Table 19.2.1 Summary of Facilities at La Palma Port ..................................................................289 Table 19.2.2 General Description of Ice Plant .............................................................................291 Table 19.2.3 Comparison of Quay Structural Type......................................................................295 Table 19.3.1 Project Cost for the Feasibility Study of La Palma Port .........................................300 Table 19.3.2 Project Implementation Schedule for La Palma Port ..............................................301 Table 19.5.1 The Overall Cost and EIRR of the La Palma Port Project ......................................303 Table 19.5.2 Overall Benefit of The La Palma Port Project.........................................................304 Table 19.6.1 Estimate of FIRR for La Palma Port Project ...........................................................307 Table 19.6.2 Pro Forma Financial Statements for La Palma Port Project....................................309 Table 19.6.3 Summary of Assumed Financial Scheme of the Project .........................................312 Table 19.7.1 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Construction Stage) .......................................316 Table 19.7.2 Environmental Assessment Matrix (Operation Stage) ............................................317


Page xvii

LIST OF FIGURES

(Volume 2)


Page

Figure 12.1.1 Conceptual Plan of Bocas del Toro Port Development........................................... 4 Figure 12.3.1 Survey Map at Bocas del Toro Port......................................................................... 12 Figure 12.3.2 Survey Map at Almirante Port................................................................................. 13 Figure 12.3.3 Location Map of Boring Points ............................................................................... 15 Figure 12.3.4 Boring Logs at Bocas del Toro Port ........................................................................ 16 Figure 12.3.5 Boring Logs at Almirante Port ................................................................................ 18 Figure 12.6.1 Typical Subsoil Conditions at Bocas del Toro........................................................ 27 Figure 12.6.2 Typical Subsoil Conditions at Almirante ................................................................ 28 Figure 12.6.3 General Plan of Bocas del Toro Port....................................................................... 30 Figure 12.6.4 General Layout Plan of Marine Facilities ............................................................... 31 Figure 12.6.5 General Layout Plan of Almirante Port .................................................................... 32 Figure 12.6.6 Typical Sections of Jetty Structures ......................................................................... 33 Figure 13.1.1 Possible Route for the New Access Road to the New Chiriqui Port....................... 53 Figure 13.1.2 Location of the Sampling of Sediments .................................................................. 56 Figure 13.1.3 Medium Diameter of the Sediments along the Coast .............................................. 57 Figure 13.3.1 Survey Map at Chiriqui (Armuelles) Port ............................................................... 72 Figure 13.3.2 Location Map of Soil Investigations ....................................................................... 74 Figure 13.3.3 Boring Logs at Chiriqui (Armuelles) Port............................................................... 75 Figure 13.6.1 Typical Soil Conditions for Multi-purpose Berth ................................................... 85 Figure 13.6.2 Typical Soil Conditions for Reefer Ship Berth and Tuna Berth ............................. 85 Figure 13.6.3 Graphs for Estimating the Rate of Overtopping...................................................... 91 Figure 13.6.4 General Plan of Chiriqui Port .................................................................................. 93 Figure 13.6.5 General Layout Plan of Marine Facilities ............................................................... 94 Figure 13.6.6 Typical Section of Multi-purpose Berth.................................................................. 95 Figure 13.6.7 Typical Section of Reefer Berth .............................................................................. 96 Figure 13.6.8 Typical Section of Tuna Berth ................................................................................ 96 Figure 13.6.9 Typical Section of Breakwater ................................................................................ 97 Figure 14.1.1 Forecast Cargo Volume at Panama Port..................................................................113 Figure 14.1.2 Longitudinal Profile of Rio Bayano (from River Mouth to Coquira) .....................115 Figure 14.1.3 Exceedence Probability of Balboa Tide ..................................................................116 Figure 14.2.1 Location Map of Darien Villages ............................................................................119 Figure 14.3.1 (1) Survey Map at Coquira Port ..................................................................................123 Figure 14.3.1 (2) Survey Map at Coquira Port ....................................................................................124 Figure 14.3.1 (3) Survey Map at Coquira Port ....................................................................................125 Figure 14.3.1 (4) Survey Map at Coquira Port ....................................................................................126


Page xviii

Figure 14.3.1 (5) Survey Map at Coquira Port ....................................................................................127 Figure 14.3.2 Location Map of Soil Investigations .......................................................................129 Figure 14.3.3 Boring Logs at Coquira Port....................................................................................129 Figure 14.5.1 Staged Development of Coquira Port ......................................................................133 Figure 14.6.1 Typical Subsoil Conditions .....................................................................................136 Figure 14.6.2 General Plan of Coquira Port ..................................................................................139 Figure 14.6.3 Typical Section of Coquira Port ..............................................................................140 Figure 15.1.1 Production of Shrimp in Panama.............................................................................159 Figure 15.2.1 Fishing Grounds and Shares of Camaron Blanco (White Shrimp) .........................159 Figure 15.2.2 Staged Development of La Palma Fishing Port.......................................................161 Figure 15.2.3 Fishing Villages of Gulf of San Miguel, Darien Province ......................................163 Figure 15.3.1 Survey Map at La Palma Port ................................................................................166 Figure 15.3.2 Location Map of Soil Investigations .......................................................................168 Figure 15.3.3 Boring Logs at La Palma Port .................................................................................169 Figure 15.5.1 Dimensions and Utilization of Ramp at La Palma ..................................................174 Figure 15.6.1 Typical Subsoil Conditions at Land Side ................................................................180 Figure 15.6.2 Typical Subsoil Conditions at Sea Side...................................................................180 Figure 15.6.3 General Plan of La Palma Port ................................................................................185 Figure 15.6.4 General Layout Plan of Marine Facilities ...............................................................186 Figure 15.6.5 Typical Section of Shrimp Berth .............................................................................187 Figure 15.6.6 Typical Section of Access Bridge ...........................................................................187 Figure 15.6.7 Typical Cross Section of Ramp ...............................................................................188 Figure 15.6.8 Typical Longitudinal Section of Ramp ...................................................................188 Figure 15.6.9 La Palma AMP Pier at low tide ...............................................................................183 Figure 16.2.1 General Plan of Bocas del Toro Port.......................................................................207 Figure 16.2.2 General Layout Plan of Marine Facilities (Bocas del Toro) ...................................208 Figure 16.2.3 General Plan of Almirante Port ...............................................................................209 Figure 16.2.4 Typical Plan and Sections of Quay Wall.................................................................211 Figure 16.2.5 Typical Plan and Sections of Dolphin Mooring Structure ......................................212 Figure 16.2.6 Typical Plans and Sections of Complex ..................................................................213 Figure 16.6.1 Annual Net Profit (Bocas del Toro/Almirante) .......................................................228 Figure 16.6.2 Net Cash Inflow (Bocas del Toro/Almirante) .........................................................228 Figure 17.1.1 Cargo Volumes at Chriqui New Port for Various Commodities Figure 17.1.2 Berth Occupancy Rate in the Coming Years...........................................................237 Figure 17.2.1 General Plan of Chiriqui Port ..................................................................................241 Figure 17.2.2 General Layout Plan of Facilities ............................................................................242 Figure 17.2.3 Typical Section of Multi-purpose Berth..................................................................245 Figure 17.2.4 Typical Section of Reefer Ship Berth......................................................................246 Figure 17.2.5 Typical Section of Tuna Berth ................................................................................247


Page xix

Figure 17.6.1 Annual Net Profit (New Chiriqui) ...........................................................................255 Figure 17.6.2 Net Cash Inflow (New Chiriqui) .............................................................................257 Figure 18.2.1 General Plan of Coquira Port ................................................................................271 Figure 18.2.2 Typical Plan and Section of Quay Wall ..................................................................273 Figure 18.6.1 Annual Net Profit (Coquira) ....................................................................................282 Figure 18.6.2 Net Cash Inflow (Coquira) ......................................................................................282 Figure 19.2.1 General Plan of La Palma Port ................................................................................293 Figure 19.2.2 General Layout Plan of Marine Facilities ...............................................................294 Figure 19.2.3 Structural Design of Shrimp Berth ........................................................................296 Figure 19.2.4 Structural Design of Ramp ......................................................................................297 Figure 19.2.5 Structural Design of Access Bridge.........................................................................298 Figure 19.2.6 Structural Design of Ice Plant..................................................................................299 Figure 19.6.1 Annual Net Profit (La Palma)..................................................................................310 Figure 19.6.2 Net Cash Inflow (La Palma) ....................................................................................310


Page 1

12. MASTER PLAN OF BOCAS DEL TORO PORT

12.1 Development Scenario

12.1.1 Rationale

In the process of the elaboration of the master plan of Bocas del Toro Port development, the

following factors have been taken into considerations.

(1) The Socio-Economic Activities of Bocas del Toro City

The principal industry of Bocas del Toro City is tourism. The attractiveness of the city is natural

beauties and thus the tourism promotion program focuses eco-tourism rather than large scale

commercial resorts.

(2) The Roles and Functions of Bocas del Toro

The original role of the port was to provide a transport route to and from the mainland. Due to the

recent increase in tourists in the area, the City has been playing a role as the crossroads of the

tourist traffic: incoming and outgoing tourists and island hopping tourists.

(3) The Traffic Expected in the Future

For the past few years, the tourists visiting Bocas del Toro have been increasing. The increase in

tourists is contributed by the development of new access from Changuinola to Bocas del Toro via

scenic canal. The number of passenger traffic at Bocas del Toro Port is expected to increase to

1.78 million in 2024, which is seven times of that observed in 2002.

(4) The Responsibility of AMP at Bocas del Toro

AMP is not only responsible for the administration and management of the national port Bocas

del Toro, but also for the coastal zone management and the registration of the ships including

small passenger crafts. It is also its responsibility to preserve natural environment and marine

resources. The coordination with other government agencies is one of the key roles of AMP.

AMP is the partner of IPAT for the tourism promotion there.

(5) Existing problems

1) Port facilities for passenger boats

While AMP is operating Ro/Ro ramps at both Bocas del Toro and Almirante Ports, there are no

appropriate docking facilities for small passenger crafts. Since the passenger wharf was damaged

few years ago, the passenger boat operators have constructed their own docking facilities, which

are not always comfortable and safe enough.


Page 2

2) Competition among the passenger boat operators

Competition among the passenger craft operators is serious and this situation might cause the

dumping of fares, which may lead deterioration of service level especially safety and

comfortableness.

AMP has the responsibility to provide a fair competitive opportunity for the boat operators. The

competition among the operators should be promoted provided that each player observes the rules,

fulfills the safety standards and maintains the service level.

3) No Coordination among the Government Agencies in the Issuance of the Permission of the

Exclusive use of Coastal Zone

Without proper coordination among the government agencies to issue the permissions for the use

of coastal zones, the coastal areas are fully occupied by private structures, which are out of

harmony with the historic houses of colonial style. Since it is the responsibility of AMP to

manage the coastal zones and to coordinate with other government agencies concerned, AMP is a

key player to settle this issue.

In consideration of the above mentioned situation, it has been identified that Bocas del Toro Port

is the key element for the tourism promotion, and that AMP has the responsibility to positively

take actions to settle the existing problems there. In fact, only AMP has the authority to manage

the port, shipping, coastal zone use and pollution control in Bocs del Toro in an integral manner.

12.1.2 Development Scenario

The basic idea of the development of Bocas del Toro is to restore a suitable environment of

tourism of the port area. AMP has administrative powers to manage the ports, i.e. Bocas del Toro

and its counterpart port Almirante, to regulate the use of the coastal areas and to enforce

regulations related to ships and shipping. Thus, AMP has a great opportunity and power to

contribute to the restoration of tourism environment at Bocas del Toro, especially in and around

port areas.

The plan should intend not only to restore the damaged passenger boat pier but also to establish

an activity center at the port area through collective efforts of various institutions concerned:

IPAT, local governments and private sector.

In addition to tourism elements such as beautification of the port area, the commercialization of

the local fishing, and well-combined service scheme by both Ro/Ro ferry and passenger boats

should be elaborated in the master plan. The same concept should be employed for the

development of both Bocas del Toro and Almirante ports. The project sites are the existing AMP

ports and adjacent areas.


Page 3

The project shall include the following elements:

- Reconstruction of the passenger wharf and terminal

The wharf should accommodate both ferries plying between Bocas del Toro and

Almirante and small crafts carrying passengers to various resorts and tourist spots. The

terminal building should have enough spaces for waiting lounge, ticket counter,

exhibition room, administration office, etc.

- Improvement of Ro/Ro Ramp, access road and parking area

- Boardwalk along the shore as well as mooring spots for small crafts

- Fish market for tourists (Bocas del Toro only)

- Shopping mall and restaurants (Bocas del Toro only)

- Ship waste and sewage treatment facility

Above all, AMP should take initiative to establish land use plan of Bocas del Toro, especially

areas adjacent to the port. Coastal view should be restored by regulating the construction of

structures on the shore as well as the strict enforcement of marine pollution regulations.

The image of the development of Bocas Del Toro is shown in Figure 12.1.1

Almirante Port should also be developed as the partner port of Bocas del Toro Port.


Page 4

Figure 12.1.1 Conceptual Plan of Bocas del Toro Port Development


Page 5

12.2 Demand

12.2.1 Present Circumstances in Bocas del Toro

“The Study of Tourism Development in the Coastal Area of the Republic of Panama 1995” by

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) is referenced.

The province of Bocas del Toro has the longest coast (488 km) among the three provinces facing

the Caribbean. According to the guidebook, there are 9 islands, 51 islets and 200 rocky isles in

the Province. This zone belongs to Changuinola, Bocas del Toro and Chiriqui Grande districts in

the Bocas del Toro province. The area covered is 8,745 km2, and the population was 100,667 in

2003 according to “Contraloria General de la Republica, Direccion de Estadistica y Censo”.

The main economic activities in this zone are dependent on the primary sector and its GDP

accounted for approximately 50 % of the whole GDP of the Province in 2000. Changuinola,

which is the largest city in the Bocas del Toro province, is the main center of economic activities

and a large banana estate has been operated there. The town of Bocas del Toro is located in Colon

Island, and Bathtimentos is located in Bastimentos Island. These town are the only areas where

population is concentrated in the islands. Tropical rain forest is extensive in this region. Among

the 94 tourism resources listed in IPAT’s database, most in this area are coastal, consisting of 16

beaches, 13 fishing spots, 14 flora and fauna locations and 7 coral reefs.

There are 10 airports in the Bocas del Toro province, of which two airport, Bocas del Toro and

Changuinola, are designated as the international airports. These two airports have scheduled

flights to the Panama City and David in Chiriqui province. Bocas del Toro airport has a 1,500 m

runway paved in asphalt and Changuinola airport has a 1,100 runway paved in asphalt. There are

three state ports in this zone (namely, Almirante, Bocas del Toro and Chiriqui Grande) and a lot

of small private piers, which are used by small boat taxis/launches to connect the surrounding

islands since the sea conditions are usually calm.

12.2.2 Present Passenger Movement

(1) Passenger Movement by Boat Taxis

1) Expreso Taxi 25 S.A.

The history of Expreso Taxi 25 S.A. is shown in Table 12.2.1.

Table 12.2.1 Passenger Movement on Expreso Taxi 25 S.A. (Unit: trip)

Year Almirante to Bocas Bocas to Almirante Total Passengers Number of Trip 2000 46,589 44,268 90,857 9,028 2001 62,059 59,147 121,206 10,754 2002 65,200 62,650 127,850 11,930 2003 81,054 78,308 159,362 12,160

Source: Expreso Taxi 25 S.A.


Page 6

Presently two boat taxi companies with regular services (namely, Expreso Taxi 25 S.A. and

Bocas Marine & Tours S.A.) are operating in Bocas del Toro. Expreso Taxi 25 S.A., which has

operated boat taxis in Bocas del Toro for 15 years, is a long-established company. The company

owns 5 boats with capacities for 15-19 passengers and one boat with capacity for 65 passengers.

The number of return trip per day is 16-20 trips in high season and below 16 trips in low season.

2) Bocas Marins & Tours S.A.

Bocas Marine & Tours S.A. started a service between Bocas del Toro and Almirante in December

2000 and a service between Bocas del Toro and Changuinola in November 2002. The company

owns 6 boats with capacity for 19 passengers.

The history of Bocas Marine & Tours is shown in Tables 12.2.2 and 12.2.3.

Table 12.2.2 Passenger Movement (1) on Bocas Marine & Tours, Almirante-Bocas (Unit: trip)

Year Almirante to Bocas Bocas to Almirante Total Passengers Number of Trip 2000* 1,550 1,300 2,850 ** 2001 ** ** ** ** 2002 65,393 67,224 132,617 13,228 2003 63,147 58,442 121,589 11,958

Source: Bocas Marine & Tours S.A. * November to December, 2000 ** No data available

Table 12.2.3 Passenger Movement (2) on Bocas Marine & Tours, Bocas-Changuinola (Unit: trip)

Bocas to Changuinola

Changuinola to Bacas Total Passengers Number of Trip

2002* 1,526 1,135 2,661 515 2003 34,261 32,941 67,202 5,957

Source: Bocas Marine & Tours S.A. * November to December, 2002

Table 12.2.4 shows the passenger classification (Panamanian/Foreigner) by route from September

19, 2003 to January 20, 2004.

Table 12.2.4 Passenger Classification by Route (Unit: trip)

Panamanian Foreigner Route Total

Passenger Person Share (%) Person Share (%) Bocas to Almirante 41,233 36,420 88.3 4,812 11.7 Bocas to Changuinola 24,115 15,508 64.3 8,607 35.7

Total 65,348 51,928 79.5 13,419 20.5 Source: Bocas Marine & Tours S.A.


Page 7

According to Bocas Marine & Tours, reasons why the company started a service between Bocas

del Toro and Changuinola are as follows:

- Discount air tickets are beginning to appear in Europe.

- Many tourists from USA and Europe visited Costa Rica for the purpose of eco-tours

before, but recently a part of the tourists come to Bocas del Toro through Costa Rica in

order to enjoy real eco-tours.

- Bocas Marine & Tours S.A. is now in cooperation with a tour agency in Costa Rica to

attract foreign tourists to Bocas del Toro.

The company forecasts that foreign tourists to Bocas del Toro will increase with a growth rate of

10~15 %/year due to attractive nature in Bocas del Toro, by which tourists from Europe and USA

will be much fascinated.

3) Passenger Movement on Boat Taxis

The passenger movement on boat taxis is shown in Table 12.2.5.

Table 12.2.5 Passenger Movement on Boat Taxis (Unit: trip)

Bocas del Toro to Almirante Bocas del Toro to Changuinola

Embark Disembark Total Embark Disembark Total (2000) Expreso Taxi 44,268 46,589 90,857 Bocas Marine 1,300 1,550 2,850 Corperation 31,225 29,287 60,512 Atlantic 4,792 5,452 10,244

Total 81,585 82,828 164,463 (2001) Expreso Taxi 59,147 62,059 121,206 Bocas Marine * * * Corperation * * * Atlantic * * *

Total 122,250 123,994 246,244 (2002) Expreso Taxi 62,650 65,200 127,850 Bocas Marine 67,224 65,393 132,617 1,526 1,135 2,661 Palanga 7,635 7,227 14,862 Sea Voyager 315 353 668

Total 137,824 138,173 275,997 1,526 1,135 2,661 (2003) Expreso Taxi 78,308 81,054 159,362 Bocas Marine 63,147 58,442 121,589 34,261 32,941 67,202 Palanga 6,914 7,124 14,038 B.B. Vindos 1,111 1,091 2,202

Total 149,480 147,711 297,191 34,261 32,941 67,202 Source: Panama Maritime Authority (AMP) and Boat Taxi Companies * No data available


Page 8

(2) Passenger Movement on Buses

SINCOTAVECOP S.A. is a bus company having the base in Changuinola. The company have the

following bus network in the Bocas del Toro province:

Table 12.2.6 Bus Network in Bocas del Toro

Route Number of Return trips (per day) Capacity of Bus Changuinola to Almirante 17 Buses x 3 trips 21 passengers Changuinola to Chiriqui Grande 6 Buses x 1 trips 21 passengers Changuinola to Guabito (Border) 15 Buses x 3 trips 21 passengers Changuinola to San Jose (Costa Rica) 1 Bus x 1 trip 54 passengers Source: SINCOTAVECOP S.A.

According to SINCOTAVECOP S.A., the company owns 204 buses and the number of bus users

is 5~6,000 passengers per day on average. In addition, a new bus terminal is under construction in

Changuinola in order to cope efficiently with an increase of passengers.

(3) Passenger Movement on Airs

There are two airports in the Bocas del Toro province (namely, Bocas del Toro Airport and

Manuel Nino Airport (Changuinola)), which have scheduled flights to the Panama City and David

in the Chiriqui province. The number of passengers at these airport is shown in Table 12.2.7.

Table 12.2.7 Number of Passengers by Airports in Bocas del Toro (Unit: trip)

Airport 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 (Bocas del Toro) Embark 12,438 Disembark 13,494

Subtotal 22,342 24,720 27,008 23,378 25,932 (Changuinola) Embark 7,986 Disembark 8,048

Subtotal 21,176 20,612 9,459 14,758 16,034 (Total) Embark 20,748 22,024 17,581 18,463 20,424 Disembark 22,779 23,319 18,886 19,673 21,542

Total 43,527 45,343 36,467 38,136 41,966 Source: Autoridad Aeronautica Civil, Republica de Panama

12.2.3 Passenger Movement Forecast

(1) Passenger Movement on Boat Taxis

Referring to Table 12.2.4 Passenger Classification by Route, passengers are classified as follows:


Page 9

Table 12.2.8 Nationality by Route (%)

Panamanian Foreigner (Tourist) Bocas del Toro to Almirante 88 12 Bocas del Toro to Changuinola 64 36

Total 80 20

Table 12.2.9 Passenger Route by Nationality (%)

Bocas del Toro to Almirante Bocas del Toro to Changuinola Panamanian 85 15 Foreigner (Tourist) 58 42

Based on Tables 12.2.8 and 12.2.9, the number of trip for passengers (Panamanian and Foreigner)

in 2003 is estimated as shown in Table 12.2.10.

Table 12.2.10 Number of Trip for Passengers in 2003 (Unit: trip)

Passenger Total Panamanian Foreigner (Tourist)

364,393 291,514 72,879

(100%) (80%) (20%)

The future passengers by route are calculated based on the assumption that: ① number of

Panamanian will increase with growth rate of population in the Bocas del Toro province

(2.05 %/year), ② number of tourists will increase with growth rate of 10 %/year (refer to Chapter

10.4.11 Bocas del Toro Port), and ③ share of tourists through Changuinola route, which is

attractive for foreigners, will increase from 42 % to 50 %.

Accordingly, the passenger movement by route and by nationality in 2024 is estimated as shown

in Table 12.2.11.

Table 12.2.11 Passenger Movement by Route and by Nationality in 2024

(Unit: trip) Passenger Bocas del Toro to Almirante Bocas del Toro to Changuinola

Panamanian 390,000 70,000 Foreigner (Tourist) 270,000 270,000

Total 660,000 340,000

(2) Passenger Movement by Air

The future tourists by air are calculated based on the assumption that: ① share of tourists by air

will be 80 % of the whole passengers, and ② number of tourists will increase with growth rate of

4 %/year equivalent to growth rate of passengers, which visit Bocas del Toro by air.

Accordingly, the future tourist number by air in 2024 is estimated to be 25,000 persons.


Page 10

(3) Passenger Movement in 2024

The passenger movement in 2024 is shown in Table 12.2.12.

Table 12.2.12 Passenger Movement in 2024

Trip Person Bocas del Toro to Almirante 660,000 330,000 Bocas del Toro to Changuinola 340,000 170,000 Bocas del Toro to Islands 590,000 295,000

12.3 Natural Conditions

This section describes natural conditions about Bocas del Toro Port and Almirante Port, focusing

topographic and bathymetric conditions, oceanographic conditions and subsoil conditions for the

master plan study.

12.3.1 Topographic and Bathymetric Conditions

Topographic and bathymetric surveys were conducted in order to get detail current information,

more than existing maps and/or charts around existing ports on the following conditions: that

Datum elevation was referenced to the MLW based on tide observation related to the Port of

Cristobal, the geographic coordinates used Mercator’s Universal System (UTM), grid zone No.17

and the spheroid was based on Clark 1866 on the survey maps.

Bocas del Toro Port : The results of topographic and bathymetric surveys are shown in Figure

12.3.1. Two benchmarks indicated in the figure were established as shown below.

E N Datum (m)

1 363,693.76 1,031,969.51 1.30

2 363,739.76 1,032,043.51 0.80

CoordinatesBMDescription

MLW

Elevation

The landside around existing Bocas del Toro Port is mostly flat and there are some subdivided

residences, some boat launchers for tourists or locals, accommodations and restaurants. Seabed

configuration is regularly parallel to the boundary between land and sea up to -10 m and its

gradient is about 1/10 to 1/20, although there is a small plateau about 500 m at the forehead of the

existing port area.

Almirante Port : The results of topographic and bathymetric surveys are shown in Figure 12.3.2.

Two benchmarks indicated in the figure were established as shown below.


Page 11

E N Datum (m)

1 346,951.00 1,026,936.00 1.31

2 346,856.78 1,026,947.31 1.94

CoordinatesBMDescription

MLW

Elevation

The landside around existing Almirante Port is mostly flat and there are some commercial sectors,

some boat launchers for tourists or locals, Ro-Ro ferry dock, residences and a big banana export

company. Seabed configuration is regularly parallel to the boundary between land and sea up to

-10 m and its gradient is about 1/20 to 1/30. Towards the public boat launcher areas inside the bay,

the contour lines are complicated, but describing is uniform. The contour lines become deeper

more fronting toward bay mouth, especially since the depth probably has been dredged around the

banana company pier and is about -12 to -14 m at present.


Page 12

Fig

ure

12.3

.1

Surv

ey M

ap a

t Boc

as d

el T

oro

Por

t


Page 13

Fig

ure

12.3

.2

Surv

ey M

ap a

t Alm

iran

te P

ort


Page 14

12.3.2 Oceanographic Conditions

Generally oceanographic conditions on Bocas del Toro Port and Almirante Port are summarized

in Table 12.3.1. The information is referenced from the existing publication1, design and survey

reports or drawings conducted by AMP.

At these ports, there are no permanent tide observation spots and authorized tide relation,

although predicted tide data by harmonic analysis is disclosed from public or private sectors in

publications or internet website just for reference. The following correction coefficients with the

tide of Cristobal Port are extracted from the publication. Tidal Range is quite small, less than 0.6

m, comparing with the Pacific Ocean. Experimentally the MLW on these ports seems to define

-0.18 m from the MSL on the Atlantic Ocean officially established in using the tide data observed

on Cristobal Port, based on temporary tide observation or tide study.

Annual maximum wave height on Bocas del Toro Port is small, less than 1.0 m because the area

around existing port is surrounded with several islands and exceeds in wind waves generated

from the wind of E-S direction. Almirante Port lies in the inlet, so that the waves are less than 0.3

m. Current of these areas is maximum 0.5 m/sec except for the channel among several islands.

Table 12.3.1 Summary of Oceanographic Conditions

Height Period

HW

L

LW

L

HW

L

LW

L fromMSL

(Atrantic)

H1/3

(m)T

(sec)

Bocas del Toro Port < 0.5* n/a

Almirante Port < 0.3* n/a

Note1) Tide information to each port in the list is referred from nearest reference place authorized in official publication.2) Difference such as time and height for HWL and LWLshould be added or multiplied with correspnded level of referred nearest point.3) Asterisked values of current and waves mean figure by interview and chart.

MLW

< 0.5*

ReferredNearest

TidePoint

Waves(Annual Max.)

Current(m/sec)

Cristobal

Ref

. Por

t

< 0.6

Name of Port

Tide

TidalRange

(m)

Height (m)Time (HH:MM)

Difference from Reference Port

-0.18+0:21 +0:24 × 1.14 × 1.14

12.3.3 Subsoil Conditions

Soil investigations were conducted around existing ports in order to get detail information for the

target points.

Bocas del Toro Port : Figure 12.3.3 (a) shows borehole locations. Subsoil profiles along

representative section were assumed based on the boring logs and SPT-N values as presented in

Figure 12.3.4.

1 International Marine, Tide Tables 2003 West Coast of North and South America, McGraw Hill Press, 2002

US Defence Mapping Agency & Admiralty, UK, Chart


Page 15

(a) Bocas del Toro Port

(b) Almirante Port

Figure 12.3.3 Location Map of Boring Points


Page 16

Figure 12.3.4 Boring Logs at Bocas del Toro Port


Page 17

This site is located in the Uscari Formation, composed of shale, siltstone, sandstone,

conglomerate, and piroclastics as shown in the figures below.

Boreholes L-1 and L-2: The first strata consist of

a layer of organic debris partially to very

decompose named as “swamp”. In the next layers

were found stratas of Poorly Graded Sand (SP)

with dense to very dense compactness, non

plastic; Poorly Graded Silty Sand (SM) with

dense to very dense compactness, non plastic;

Well Graded Sand (SW) with loose to dense

compactness, non plastic; Clayey Sand (SC) and

Silty Sand (SM) with firm to hard consistency

and medium to low plasticity;

Inorganic Clay (CH) with hard consistency and low plasticity. The color of all layers varies from

light gray to greenish gray, gray, and dark gray.

Boreholes S-1 and S-2: In both, residual water was found up to 7.0 and 8.0 m depth respectively.

Typical layers consist of Poorly Graded Silty Sand (SM) with very dense compactness and non

plastic; Poorly Graded Sand (SP) with very dense compactness and non plastic; Well Graded Sand

(SW) with very firm to very dense compactness and non plastic; Silty Sand (SM) with even

consistency and low plasticity; Inorganic Silt (ML) with very even consistency and low plasticity;

and Inorganic Clay (CL) with hard consistency and low plasticity.

Almirante Port : Figure 12.3.3 (b) shows borehole locations. Subsoil profiles along

representative section were assumed based on the boring logs and SPT-N values as presented in

Figure 12.3.5.

This site is located on Las Lajas Formation, composed of alluvion, consolidated sediments,

sandstone, coral, mangrove, conglomerate, carbonaceous shale, and delta deposition.


Page 18

Figure 12.3.5 Boring Logs at Almirante Port


Page 19

Boreholes L-1, L-2 and L-3: In the boreholes

L-1 and L-2 the first strata consists of a fill

composed of coarse gravel, coral, well and

poorly graded sand, loose to medium

compactness, medium natural water content, this

layer cannot be observed in L-3. The next stratas

consist of Well Graded Sand (SW), Poorly

Graded Sand (SP), Poorly Graded Gravel (GP),

loose to medium compactness, low natural water

content; Clayey Sand (SC), soft consistency,

high to medium natural water content; Silty

Sand (SM) soft consistency, low plasticity, high

natural water content;

Inorganic Silt (MH) with consistent to hard consistency were observed. The rock strata consist of

Clayey and Silty Sandstone and Sandstone.

Boreholes S-1, S-2 and S-3: In the borehole S-1, S-2 and S-3, the subsoil layers are formed from

the following: Well graded Sandy Gravel, loose compactness, medium to high natural water

content, Poorly Graded Silty Sand (SM), very loose to dense compactness, non plastic, high to

medium natural water content; also observed were Clayey Sand (SC), soft to very consistent

consistency, low plasticity, medium to high natural water content; Inorganic Silt (MH) and

Inorganic Clay (CH), consistent to hard consistency, low plasticity. In these boreholes the rock

strata consists of Argillaceous Sandstone.

12.4 Environmental Condition

12.4.1 Water Environment

The coastal port water environmental condition at both Bocas Del Toro and Almirante were

studied by conducting sampling and analysis of both water and seabed material (sediment) at 4

locations in each of the port waters and their vicinity. The water quality sampling were conducted

two times once each during low tidal and high tidal condition, while sediment sampling was

conducted only once during low tidal condition.

Water quality sampling and analysis were conducted both at field, for simple parameters, and in

laboratory. The field parameters measured included water temperature, water turbidity, pH,

transparency and DO (dissolved oxygen). The laboratory parameters measured included DO,

COD (chemical oxygen demand), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), fecal coliform (FC)

and extractive substance in normal-hexane (oil content).


Page 20

The seabed material parameters analyzed in laboratory included, total oil content (total

hydrocarbon/THC) and the 10 heavy metals of Cu (copper), Zn (zinc), Be (beryllium), Cr

(chromium), Ni (nickel), V (Vanadium), Cd (Cadmium), Hg (Mercury), Pb (Lead) and As

(Arsenic).

(1) Port Water Quality

It is noted that the water quality parameters measured are essentially indicators of organic,

nutrient, bacterial and oil pollution. In overall, the analytical results indicated no chronic water

quality deterioration attributed to organic pollutants in any of the 2 port waters, which was also

evident from visual site inspection conducted in these port water areas. Still progressing nutrient

pollution with significant levels of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), attributed to

long-term secondary effects of organic pollutants such as wastewaters of domestic origin, was

noted in the coastal waters of both ports of Bocas Del Toro and Almirante. In this respect it is

worth to mention that on a comparative basis the coastal port waters of Almirante is visibly

somewhat deteriorated than that of Bocas Del Toro.

In general in large water body like coastal water a TN level of more than 1 mg/l and a TP level of

more than 0.1 mg/l could be regarded as indicators of significant nutrient pollution with potential

eutrophication. The TN and TP levels measured in these 2 port waters, in particular the TN level

as the primary indicator of secondary pollution due to organic matter, in overall, exceeded the

above-mentioned limitations. In this respect it is noted that the measured range of TN and TP in

Bocas Del Toro is 0.2-5.3 mg/l and 0.03-0.17 mg/l, respectively and that in Almirante is 0.1-4.9

mg/l (TN) and 0.03-0.11 mg/l (TP). The progressing nutrient pollution in both of these port

waters could be attributed their semi-closed nature of being located in bay areas.

As per bacterial pollution, as the indicator of contamination due to recent discharge of human

wastes of fecal origin, no significant FC levels were measured in both port waters. However, this

does not imply there is no bacterial pollution since the results represents only most recent

bacterial contamination. In fact human waste discharge into Almirante port waters is visibly

evident.

Concerning oil pollution that should be attributed to water vessels (including passenger and

tourist boats that are dominant in both of these ports) of direct port operational activity, very

significant oil pollution level exceeding even 10 mg/l was measured at least once each during

both instances of high tide and low tide sampling in both port waters. Accordingly, oil pollution

level in these port coastal waters is assessed as very significant.

(2) Port Sediment Quality

The sediment (seabed material) quality was evaluated for potential heavy metal and oil

contamination level using the Dredged Material Quality Standards of Netherlands (1987), as

given in the World Bank Technical Paper No.126 (1990) on “Environmental Considerations for


Page 21

Port and Harbor Developments”. It is noted that this standards is used under the presumption that

unpolluted sediment quality representing metal and oil contents in natural sediments would be

same as that in Netherlands. It is further noted that this Standards of Netherlands does not include

two of the heavy metallic elements measured, namely, beryllium (Be) and Vanadium (V).

Accordingly, the sediment quality was evaluated with respect to the remaining 8 heavy metallic

elements and total oil content (total hydrocarbon/THC) measured in the seabeds of both ports.

The results of evaluation indicated no significant heavy metallic contamination in the seabeds of

both port waters. Still the seabed of Almirante port is highly contaminated with oil (total

hydrocarbon/THC) having measured oil content amounting to more than even 27,500 mg/kg. It is

noted that as per the Standards of Netherlands oil content exceeding 5000 mg/kg already indicates

high oil contamination in seabed. This extremely high oil pollution in Almirante seabed should be

attributed principally to the disposal of oil into port waters due to inadequate waste oil

management arising from direct port operational activity of vessel (boat), ferry and ship

movements.

(3) Conclusions

In overall, based on the results of water quality analysis, the coastal water environment of both of

these ports of Boca sDel Toro and Almirante is assessed as satisfactory with no chronic organic

pollution. Still significant oil pollution in the coastal waters of both of these ports is noted,

implying the requirement for strict oil pollution control measures by AMP concerned to vessel

and ship movements.

The seabed material (sediments) is assessed as not significantly contaminated with respect to the

measured heavy metallic elements in both ports of Bocas Del Toro and Almirante. Still, the

seabed of Almirante port is assessed as highly contaminated with oil (total hydrocarbon) content,

even though the seabed of Bocas Del Toro has no significant oil contamination.

12.4.2 Coastal Ecology

The coastal ecology of both Bocas Del Toro and Almirante areas are quite similar since both

areas boast coral reef and marine grass (seaweed) ecosystems even though coral reef is more

dominant in Bocas Del Toro coastal waters. Still, the significant difference between them as far as

the vicinity of port water areas are concerned is that Bocas Del Toro boasts beach area while

Almirante boasts mangroves. The salient features of coastal ecology in each of these areas are

delineated below.

(1) Bocas Del Toro

The coastal marine ecosystem of Bocas Del Toro is denominated by coral communities,

consisting of patches associated to shallow areas. Also there are patches of seaweeds typically

located in between the coral communities. Although the dominant species of seaweed that

inhabits the area is Thalassia, it coexists with Halodule, Syringodium and to a lesser degree

Halophila.


Page 22

The coral communities of Bocas Del Toro coastal waters are of exuberant variety that is

composed of hard coral, soft coral and sponges. Moreover a variety of commercially important

fauna such as crustaceans (shrimps, crabs, lobsters) and fish inhabit these coral communities. The

fauna species include pink shrimps, lobsters, queen conches and sea turtles. The deeper water

areas are inhabited by demersal fish such as porgy (Lutjanus spp.) and sharks (Rhizoprinodon sp.)

and also pelagic fish such as kingfish (Scomberomorus sp.) and the amberjack (Seriola sp.).

(2) Almirante

Coastal marine pollution of Almirante port waters is a very significant environmental issue that

basically affects its aquatic ecology. Untreated disposal of wastewaters and garbage principally of

domestic and also of industrial origin, in combination with unfavorable topography of being

located in a bay area that inhibits active exchange of waters with open sea, is the major cause for

the degradation of aquatic ecology. Moreover, deforestation of the mangrove woods in the

adjacent wetland (swampy) areas exacerbates the coastal ecological degradation.

Mangrove woods that represents the coastal ecology of Almirante Bay is dominated by red

mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), the canopy of which follows the pattern characteristic to the

Caribbean being of low height and extension (inhabiting marginal fringe area). Other significant

aquatic flora is seaweed, represented by manatee grass (Thalassia testudinum) that is prevalent in

the proximity to mangrove wood islands.

The coastal marine ecosystem of the Almirante area has a wide range of species of fauna with

commercial value. Such fauna species include pink shrimps (Panaceus duorarum), mangrove

wood oysters (Crassotrea rhizophorae), lobsters (Pamulirus Panamá and P. guttatus) and queen

conches (Strombus gigas). Also the adjacent sandy littoral is inhabited with some species of turtle,

such as the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) and Hawksville Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata).

12.4.3 Social Environmental Aspects

The social environmental aspects principally targeting the population living around both of the

port areas was studied using available data as well as focused interview surveys. The basic social

environmental condition of the population along with perception of the population concerning the

port development is delineated below for the respective port areas of Bocas Del Toro and

Almirante

(1) Bocas del Toro Island

The island of Bocas del Toro, also known as Isla Colon, has a population of 3,139 inhabitants

(Year 2000 census). This population is composed of 1,603 men and 1,531 women with an index

of masculinity of 105%. The population of less than 15 years of age represents a 30.2%. The

potentially economically active population from 15 to 64 years is of 62.3%.


Page 23

Of the population potentially economically active, 1,142 persons are employed. The

unemployment ratio is 6.2 %, which is low. The median income of the working population is

USD (Balboa) 286.4, while the median family income being USD 458.6. These median levels are

higher in comparison to Almirante. The main economic activity of the island is centered on

tourism that provides a number of alternative tourism related economic activities as well. This

island has an airport, which facilitates easy access of tourists to the area. Next to tourism, fishing

is the significant economic activity. The Island of Bocas del Toro has strong bonds with all the

islands of the Archipelago located in its vicinity such as Bastimentos, principally consequent to

frequent tourist tours.

The population of Bocas Del Toro Island identified the living environmental condition as normal,

and hence satisfactory. Concerning the construction of the port as per the master plan the

population does not perceive any significant adverse environmental effects. In fact the perception

of the population is that the project is very necessary and would be of great help to reap further

economic benefits to the community. In this respect concerning commercial properties potentially

relocated due to the expansion of port facility, opinion of the proprietors is somewhat divided.

Some are willing to move out provided they are duly indemnified and being accepted as part of

the project and hence provided with alternative suitable nearby locations to reestablish their

businesses, while others prefer the project facilities being located elsewhere so as not to interfere

with their current business activities.

(2) Almirante

According to the census of year 2000, the population of the community of Almirante is of 7,754

inhabitants composed of 3,801 men and 3,953 women. Accordingly, the index of masculinity for

Almirante is 96.2%. The population under 15 years of age is about 39.5% of the total population,

while that of from 15 to 64 years, which in general represents potentially economically active

population, is 55.5%.

Of the population potentially economically active, 2,090 persons are employed. The

unemployment ratio is 17.4%, which is rather high. The median income of the working

population is USD (Balboa) 229.0. In the case of a family the median income is USD 296.0.

These median income levels are rather low. Of the 2,090 persons employed, 530 are dedicated to

farming, though farming does not constitute an activity of great importance. The major farm

products are the otoe, zapallo and cocoa. Cocoa is the most important farm product with

small-scale commercialization that resulted in the creation of a cocoa cooperative in Almirante.

The major economic activity of the area is the processing of banana for export, which employs a

significant portion of the population. The other activity of importance is coastal fishing followed

with commerce.

The major communities linked to Almirante are Changuinola and the island of Bocas del Toro

and their respective links are essentially related to banana processing and tourism. Concerning the


Page 24

tourism link of Alimirante with Bocas Del Toro, Alimirante serves simply as the water transport

mode link for tourists from mainland, and hence Almirante is just a passing point.

The population of Almirante identified the living environmental condition as bad, principally

concerned to the poor handling of solid waste (garbage) and poor quality of potable (drinking)

water. Referring to the construction of the port as per the master plan the population does not

perceive any significant adverse environmental effects. They believe, already being a port

community, port facility does not have any adverse environmental effects. In fact the perception

of the population is that the project is necessary and would bring economic benefits to the

community. In this respect concerning commercial properties potentially relocated due to the

expansion of port facility, the proprietors are willing to move out provided they are duly

indemnified and being accepted as part of the project and hence provided with alternative suitable

nearby locations to reestablish their businesses.

12.5 Facility Planning and Layout

12.5.1 Requirement of the Port

On the basis above discussion, Bocas del Toro and Almirante Ports want the facilities to fulfill

the following requirements:

1) Types of Facilities

Both Bocas del Toro and Almirante Ports should have a ramp for Roll-on/Roll-off ferry and the

passenger wharves. The passenger wharves must accommodate various sizes of passenger boats.

In the principal route, Bocas del Toro – Almirante, the operators are expected to deploy larger

size of ships, while in the other route for tourists the current size of passenger will remain,

because of the nature of the voyages.

2) Traffic Demand

The traffic in 2024 is forecasted s follows:

Bocas del Toro Port

Cargo traffic general cargo unloading; loading; total;

89,000 tons, 80,000 tons,

169,000 tons

Passenger Bocas del Toro – Almirante; Bocas del Toro – Changuinola; Bocas del Toro-various islands; Total;

660,000 trips (330,000 persons) 340,000 trips (170,000 persons) 590,000 trips (295,000 persons)

1,590,000 trips (795,000 persons)

Almirante Port

Cargo traffic general cargo unloading loading

80,000 ton, 89,000 ton

Passenger Almirante – Bocas del Toro: 660,000 trips (330,000 persons)


Page 25

3) Other features of the port

Both Bocas del Toro and Almirante Ports should have a passenger terminal that will provide

various services for the passengers including, ticketing office, waiting room, shops and

restaurants as well as clean rest rooms. In addition, the port facilities should be such designed that

they are in concert with the atmosphere of the coastal resort.

12.5.2 Berth Requirements

The total cargo traffic between Bocas del Toro and Almirante is estimated to be 169,000 tons in

2024. The existing Roll-on/Roll-off service has enough capacity.

The passenger crafts employed in each route are assumed as follows:

Passenger service on the principal route, Bocas del Toro and Almirante, shall be provided with

the Roll-on/Roll-off ferry and a passenger craft having passenger capacity of 70 persons, which is

larger than those presently deployed. The passenger craft deployed in the route Bocas del Toro

and Changuinola is assumed to remain unchanged, because the topography of the navigation

channel of this route limits the size of the boats. In addition, for the trip along this scenic route,

tourists would prefer riding on open type small crafts than sitting in enclosed cabins. For the

passenger trips to various islands, the passenger services could be provided by the hotels with

their private boats apart from the public transport service.

Thus, the transport scheme in Bocas del Toro is summarized in Table 12.5.1. It is assumed that

the passenger traffic should be heavy in the morning and more frequent service should be needed.

Therefore, as shown in the Table, it is assumed that the peak hour should be three hours and,

during the period, all the boats should be fully loaded, while during off peak hours, the boats

would not always be full.

As the consequence of the berth requirement calculation (Table 12.5.1), the following berths are

identified to be necessary in 2024.

Table 12.5.1 Calculation of Berth Requirement at Bocas del Toro Port

Passenger Load Service Freqency Service Servic Annual Ship at Berths YearRoute Capaccity factor hours days passenger berth during Total

Trips Person per ship Off Peak per day per year capacity per ship peak hour Ship Callpersons hours Peak Off pk hours days persons Minutes Berth Ships

Bocas del Toro-Almirante 660,000 330,000Ro/Ro Ferry 300 0.4 1 365 43,800 365

Water Taxi 70 0.5 2 2 8 365 281,050 30 1.00 5,840Bocas del Toro- Changuinola 340,000 170,000 20 0.7 5 3 8 365 186,150 20 1.67 10,950Bocas del Toro - IslandsPublic service 590,000 295,000 20 0.7 5 2 6 365 140,160 20 1.67 7,665Private service (Hotels) 10 0.7 12 3 6 365 154,395 16,425

Total 1,590,000 795,000 24 805,555 4.3 24,8203 hoursPeak hours/day:

Total passengers per hourhours


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Bocas del Toro Port

Cargo and passenger One Ramp for Roll-on/Roll-off ferry (Existing ramp has enough capacity)

Passenger One berth for large passenger boats (with a capacity of 70 persons)Four berths for small passenger boats (with capacities of 20 persons).

Almirante Port

Cargo and passenger One Ramp for Roll-on/Roll-off ferry (Existing ramp has enough capacity)

Passenger One berth for large passenger boat (with a capacity of 70 persons).

It is also assumed that, during peak hours, small passenger boats arrive and depart frequently,

thus, an additional water space with proper mooring facilities is needed for the passenger boats to

queue before it docks at the berths to load the passengers.

12.6 Preliminary Design of Facilities

12.6.1 Design Concept

The new port facilities planned at Bocas del Toro Port are mainly “Berth for RO-RO ferry boat,”

and “Jetty for passenger boats and speedboats.”

The design concepts for the marine facilities are as follows:

- To be able to accommodate three kinds of vessels at the same time

- To be located at the AMP premises

- To be easy for ship maneuvering and access-friendly for passengers

- To be suitable as the gateway of the tourist resort.

The general layout plan at Bocas del Toro Port is shown in Figures 12.6.3 and 12.6.4. The layout

of the RO-RO ramp is planned to be located at the same place of the existing ramp. This layout is

determined so that the ship maneuvering is easy for berthing/deberthing. The structural type of

berth is selected with open pile type to adapt the target vessels and subsoil conditions.

The similar layout plan is planned at the existing RO-RO ramp in Almirante Port as shown in

Figure 12.6.5.


Page 27

12.6.2 Design Conditions

(1) Natural Conditions

1) Tide

Tide levels at Bocas del Toro Port are shown in Table 12.6.1.

Table 12.6.1 Tide Levels at Bocas del Toro Port

HHW (Higher High Water Level) +0.36 m MHW (Mean High Water Level) +0.24 m MLWS (Mean Low Water Spring) ±0.00 m

Source: JICA Study Team

2) Wave

Significant Wave Height: H1/3 = 1.0 m

3) Subsoil Conditions

According to the result of subsoil investigations, the typical subsoil conditions at site are as

shown in Figures 12.6.1 and 12.6.2.


Figure 12.6.1 Typical Subsoil Conditions at Bocas del Toro


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Figure 12.6.2 Typical Subsoil Conditions at Almirante

4) Seismic Coefficient

Seismic coefficient of effective peak acceleration at Bocas del Toro Port is 0.21 according to the

Regulation of Structural Design for the Republic of Panama 1994.

(2) Usage Conditions

1) Target Vessels

The proposed maximum dimensions of the target vessels are shown in the following table:

Table 12.6.2 Dimensions of Target Vessels

RO-RO Ferry Boat Passenger Boat Speed Boat

Tonnage (GRT) 1,000 - - Length overall (m) 57.0 28.0 9.0

Breadth (m) 15.0 5.0 2.0 Draught (m) 1.8 1.5 0.5

Source: Estimate by JICA Study Team

2) Surcharge

Surcharge for normal condition: W=1.0 tf/m2

Surcharge for seismic condition: W=0.5 tf/m2

3) Live Load

RO-RO ferry ramp: Total weight of truck = 20 tf/truck

Passenger boat jetty: Total weight of truck = 15 tf/truck

4) Width of Passenger boat jetty: 11.2 m

Width of RO-RO ferry ramp: 16.0 m

5) Lifetime: 50 years


Page 29

12.6.3 Design of Berthing Facilities

(1) Crown Heights

The crown heights of jetty are determined by the following formula and in consideration of

existing ground level and target vessels.

Crown Height of Jetty = HHW (+0.36 m) + 0.8*H1/3(1.0 m) = +1.16 m , say +1.25 m

The crown height of RO-RO ramp is determined as +2.2 m in consideration of the elevation of

the existing ramp of the target ship, which is from +2.3 m to +2.6 m above MLWS.

(2) Required Depth

The required depth of jetty is determined by the following formula and in consideration of

existing seabed level and facilities.

Required Depth of Jetty = MLWS (±0.00 m) – Draught (1.8 m) – 0.5*H1/3(1.0 m) = -2.3 m,

say -2.5 m

(3) Selected Structural Type

The passenger boat and speedboat jetty are planned with open pile type RC deck structure

supported by the PC concrete piles. Based on the subsoil investigation at the site, a hard sandy

layer (N value > 30) is encountered at about –24 m below MLWS. Thus, the concrete piles are to

be driven into this layer to secure the bearing force.

For the horizontal force of the berth such as vessel berthing, mooring force and seismic force of

the berth, the coupled batter piles are to be used. Based alignment of the piles and loads on the

berth, the adopted size of the piles are 500 mm for the passenger boat and speedboat jetty.

The RC deck for the jetty is consist of RC pile cap, RC beam on the piles and RC slab.

Based on the design vessel size, jetty accessories such as mooring bollards and fenders are

determined. The capacities of accessories are planned 15-ton bollard and V-type 300H fenders for

passenger boat and 25-ton bollard and V-type 500H fenders for Ro-Ro ferry boat. The mooring

bollards are installed about 10 m intervals for the passenger boat jetty and the curbing are

installed between the bollards.

The typical section is shown in Figure 12.6.6.


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Figure 12.6.3 General Plan of Bocas del Toro Port


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Fig

ure

12.6

.4

Gen

eral

Lay

out P

lan

of M

arin

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acili

ties


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Fig

ure

12.6

.5

Gen

eral

Lay

out P

lan

of A

lmir

ante

Por

t


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Fig

ure

12.6

.6

Typ

ical

Sec

tion

s of

Jet

ty S

truc

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s


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12.7 Project Implementation

In this section, major construction methods, procurement of construction materials and

construction equipment are discussed. The information on the procurement conditions below is

based on the market investigations and interviews from the construction companies and suppliers,

etc.

12.7.1 Project Site

Bocas del Toro town is the provincial capital in Bocas del Toro Province. Supply of commodities

is greatly dependent on the main land. A Ro-Ro ferry is plying between Bocas del Toro and

Almirante. Heavy or large construction materials will be transported by long wheelbase trucks

from Changuinola and/or David. Both sites are located at a well-sheltered area from offshore

waves, and there is a ferry terminal at each site.

Bocas del Toro is an important tourism area, and construction works shall be carried out with the

greatest care for environmental preservation. To minimize turbid water, pile supported jetty was

selected with a minimized reclamation work.

12.7.2 Construction Method for the Major Facilities

(1) Berthing Facilities: PC-Pile supported Jetty (-2m)

1) Piling

The estimated pile length is approx. 21 m at each site, Bocas del Toro and Almirante. A

pre-stressed concrete pile divided in two pieces will be connected in the piling leader and driven

by D-40 hammer from a piling barge.

2) Concreting

Total concrete volume is estimated at 1,200 cu.m or less at each site. A concrete mixing plant (20

cu.m/hour) shall be mobilized to Bocas del Toro.

(2) Civil Works

1) Reclamation

The minimum area necessary for the ramp and approach road is to be reclaimed. Reclamation

volume is approx. 700 cu.m at each site.

2) Revetment

A concrete block made revetment is constructed around the ramp and it’s approach line from the

adjoining land.


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3) Pavement

The reclaimed land and approach are paved with concrete. The total area of the pavement is

approx. 870 sq.m.

(3) Yard / Building

A 600 sq.m of RC-concrete made, piloti-type terminal building is to be constructed on the jetty, at

the both terminals. Piloti floor is designed as a platform to passenger boats. The upper floor will

be used as a waiting lounge for passengers.

(4) Utilities

1) Electricity

Required electricity will be supplied through city line operated by the private company.

2) Water

Water for the office will be supplied by the IDAAN; however, ships can be supplied at Almirante.

(5) Demolition of the Existing Facilities

The existing concrete made ramp and Jetty will be demolished and disposed at designated disposal

areas. The total volume of the concrete debris is approx. 200 cu.m at Bocas del Toro and 140 cu.m

at Almirante. The scrapped steel frame at the Bocas del Toro will be removed.

Prior to the construction works, a temporary ramp shall be constructed in the vicinity of the

existing ramp.

12.7.3 Purchase of the Materials

(1) Fine Aggregates

River sand will be supplied from Changuinola.

(2) Stone

1) Coarse Aggregates

Gravels and boulders will be supplied from Changuinola.

2) Armor Stone

Armor stone, 1 ton/pc, will be supplied from Changuinora.

(3) Reclamation Material

Reclamation material is available at both sites. It will be carried from locations within a 10 km

radius.


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(4) Others

1) PC-Pile, Cement, RC-bar etc.

The majority of construction materials, such as PC-pile, cement and steel materials, shall be

transported from Panama City through David by land, since, large quantities of these materials are

not available at the vicinity of Bocas del Toro and Changuinora.

2) Wood

Wooden artifact and timber will be purchased at Changuinola and/or David.

3) Accessories

Mooring devices such as rubber fenders and mooring post shall be imported or purchased through

trade agents in Panama City.

12.7.4 Mobilization of the Construction Equipment

(1) Heavy Equipment

1) Bulldozer, Dump Truck, Roller, etc.

Common equipment except mobile cranes will be borrowed from Changuinola and/or David.

2) Mobile Crane

Mobile cranes shall be mobilized from Panama City.

(2) Piling Barge, Tug Boat and/or Work Boat

A piling barge with D-40 hammer shall be mobilized from Panama City or Limon Bay area . The

first lot of construction materials, such as PC-pile, can be mobilized by this barge.

(3) Concrete Plant

Ready mixed concrete is available at Almirante. A concrete mixing plant of an optimum size for

Bocas del Toro site will be borrowed from Panama City, since, transportation from Almirante has

disadvantages from the view of quality control and schedule management.

12.8 Project Costs and Capital Expenditure

12.8.1 Project Costs

(1) Introduction

In this section, the preliminary cost for the master plan was estimated based on the following

method.


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- For the purpose of estimation of the preliminary cost, unit prices of each element such as

major construction materials, equipment and manpower cost are determined on the basis

of the regional unit prices collected from the contractors and the suppliers on December

2003, in the field survey in the study area.

- The basic costs of imported products are estimated using the exchange rate on December

2003.

- The capacity and capability of the local contractors are checked with respect to their

experience of marine construction works considering the size of each experience.

(2) Preliminary Cost

Based on the above conditions, preliminary cost for the master plan is estimated as shown in the

following table.

Table 12.8.1 Preliminary Cost for Master Plan of Bocas del Toro / Almirante

Unit : USDDimensions Unit Quantity Unit Rate Amount

1 Demolition Exist. Jetty, Shed, Ramp, Office l.sum 1 89,816.0 89,8162 Jetty 705.6 sq.m sq.m 706 2,104.8 1,485,1243 Revetment for Ramp lin.m 70 3,009.1 210,6384 Reclamation Land for the Office cu.m 687 55.6 38,1655 Pavement for the above Item 3. and 4. sq.m 868 106.0 92,0086 Buildings Terminal Bld. 1,200sq.m sq.m 605 500.0 302,5007 Outdoor Lighting unit 16 1,250.0 20,0008 Utilities Supply line, Connection to city line l.sum 1 67,150.0 67,150

2,305,401Unit : USD

Dimensions Unit Quantity Unit Rate Amount1 Demolition Exist. Ramp l.sum 1 57,893.0 57,8932 Jetty 705.6 sq.m sq.m 605 1,615.1 977,1303 Bresting Dolphin PC Pile Supported unit 2 141,520.0 283,0404 Mooring Dolphin PC Pile Supported unit 1 63,367.0 63,3675 Revetment for Ramp lin.m 106 2,959.7 313,7266 Reclamation Land for the Office cu.m 802 50.9 40,7887 Pavement for the above Item 3. and 4. sq.m 1,255 106.0 133,0308 Buildings Terminal Bld. sq.m 605 500.0 302,5009 Outdoor Lighting unit 16 1,250.0 20,000

10 Utilities Supply line, Connection to city line l.sum 1 65,750.0 65,7502,257,2244,562,624

Sub TotalAlmirante

Item

Sub TotalBocas del Toro, Almirante Total

Bocas del ToroItem

12.8.2 Capital Expenditure

The capital expenditure schedule is based on assumptions as follows for economic analysis

purpose.

- Start detailed design and select the contractor in 2006.

- Construction in 2007.

- Life expiring facilities such as utilities, mooring devices and plant are to be renewed in

10th year.


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Table 12.8.2 Capital Expenditure Schedule for Master Plan of Bocas del Toro/Almirante

USD

0.92 0.08 Engineering Maintenance

Foreign Local Sub Total Foreign Local Sub Total 10% 1%

F : L 0.59 0.41 1.00 0.59 0.41 1.00

2006 273,7582007 2,462,803 1,714,641 4,177,444 227,083 158,098 385,181 182,5052008 45,6262009 45,6262010 45,6262011 45,6262012 45,6262013 45,6262014 45,6262015 45,6262016 Renewal of Plant/Equipment 45,6262017 227,083 158,098 385,181 45,6262018 45,6262019 45,6262020 45,6262021 45,6262021 45,6262023 45,626

2024 45,626

ST 2,462,803 1,714,641 4,177,444 454,165 316,197 770,362T 456,263

GT

Bocas del Toro/Almirante 4,562,625

YRConstruction Plant / Equipment

4,947,8065,404,068

12.9 Administration and Management

This section as well as Sections 13.9, 14.9, 15.9 describes the roles and function of AMP toward

the finalization, the authorization, and the realization of the port development master plans

proposed in this chapter.

In Section 10.3, the administration and management plans have been proposed in order that AMP

should take responsibilities to administrate and manage the national port system as prescribed in

the Organic Law and the National Maritime Strategy. The measures and approaches proposed for

the nationwide port development plan have been elaborated within the existing framework and

the current practice of administrative scheme of AMP. However, the Master Plans discussed here

are rather intended to practice at the maximum the administrative competence of AMP to realize

its missions. The master plans have been proposed with the intention not only to settle the

existing issues but also to support proactively the local socioeconomic activities with the

utilization of the infrastructural development plan as one of the tools that AMP can make use.

Therefore, the Administration and Management plans proposed hereunder may not be limited

within the frame work of current administrative practice of AMP.


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12.9.1 Items to be taken into consideration in the planning

(1) Nature of services of the port facilities

The Bocas del Toro-Almirante Port development master plan consists of two elements: the RoRo

ferry terminals and the passenger terminals. The RoRo ferry terminals serve for the basic

transport service to supply the goods to the islands and to provide accesses to the residents of the

islands, while the passenger terminals serve for the local tourism businesses as well as the basic

transport service to the people living in the islands and the coastal communities in Bocas del Toro

Province.

AMP has direct responsibilities to maintain the port infrastructure and to improve and promote

the ferry services. The safety and security of the passengers and goods and assuring scheduled

regular services are key elements. On the other hand, the local industries, especially those

involved in tourism business have concern about the passenger terminals for small boats. In fact,

the most of those who are concerned with the tourism businesses are complaining the

inappropriate environment of the passenger terminals. On the basis of its Organic Law and the the

National Maritime Strategy, AMP has the administrative responsibility to assure the safety and

improvement of the business environment of maritime industries. In addition, the water pollution

control and the coastal management, as well as the coordination with the agencies concerned with

these elements, are also the responsibilities of AMP.

(2) Interfacing with other regional and local projects

1) Multiphase Program for Sustainable Development of Bocas del Toro

A “Multiphase Program for Sustainable Development of Bocas del Toro2” is on-going under an

IADB loan. The principal objective of the program is to foster socioeconomic activities and to

promote private investments that would yield economic, social and environmental benefits. The

program consists of three components:

a. Strengthening management capacity of local administration;

b. Sustainable management and productive development of natural resources; and

c. Basic services and transport infrastructure.

In the process of planning and implementing the ports development, the Administration should

carefully follow the Program. The following issues in the Program are significant:

- The participation of the residents in the decision-making process and in the annual

operating plans is important.

- Coordination with the views of relevant industries, such as tourist industry and fisheries,

particularly of artisan fishermen.

2 See 3.2.2 of the Report.


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- Pollution control to cope with the economic and population growth result in increase of

solid and liquid wastes that may cause the damage of coral reefs and other resources,

which are vital elements of the tourism potential of Bocas del Toro

2) Municipal Development and Decentralization Program

The central government is making efforts in the capacity building of the local governments. Since

the proposed port development plan is intended to promote the local business and also require the

coordination with the local communities in the entire process of the project implementation, the

project will provide precious opportunities for the local government to practice its capacity to

organize communities to formulate consensus plans. AMP is responsible to coordinate with the

local government not only for this particular project but also for the integrated coastal

management and the preservation of marine environment.

3) Interfacing and incorporating with the urban development plan

Since the project site is a part of the urban center of the municipality of Bocas del Toro, in the

process of finalizing the port development plan, the urban center development plan together with

a consensus land-use plan should be established. Without such plans, neither landowner nor

leaseholder agrees to evacuate the place even with indemnification. The land-use plan has its

ground on the urban plan of the region.

The awarding concessions for the use of shore areas should be assessed in the light of the urban

development plan and the land-use plan. Thus, consensus among Municipal government, MEF,

MIDA, IPAT needs to be formulated to establish common guidelines to award new concessions

and to terminate the existing concessions when they are expired.

The municipality, if successfully fostered as planned in ‘Municipal Development and

Decentralization Program’3, may be the lead agency of the urban-planning with the assistance of

MIVI, MOP and IPAT. If the municipality would not have adequate capability, MIVI may take

leadership. In any case, AMP should announce the port development plan to the public and

initiate the cooperative work to incorporate the port development plan at an early stage of urban

development.

12.9.2 Administration and management Plan

(1) Policy and strategy of the project

This project aims at the securing the RoRo ferry service and the promotion of the tourism

business. The strategy introduced in the project is how to generate the fund needed for

improvement of the shipping service and the promotion of the tourism business in Bocas del

Toro.

3 See 3.1.4 of the Report.


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The main idea is to raise the fund out of the charges collected from the tourists. Besides the

tourist taxes collected through hotels, it is reasonable to charge the tourists who use the port

facilities. The better services are provided, the higher charges can be paid by the tourists. Thus,

by constructing attractive passenger terminals and collecting higher charges, the fund raised can

cover the cost for the improvement of the RoRo ferry terminals as well as for the beautification of

the urban center of Bocas del Toro and Almirante.

In addition to the financial assistance through the collection of charges at the passenger terminal,

AMP with the coordination of other agencies concerned, should second the beautification

program by the execution of its administrative competence in awarding and terminating

concession contracts on the private use of shore zones and in controlling maritime safety, security

and pollution.

(2) Steps to be taken by AMP Head quarters

AMP Headquarters should take the following steps.

First of all, AMP Headquarters should start discussion with the agencies concerned with the

projects. To this end, a task force to proceed with the following tasks should be formulated in the

Planning and Development Division:

1) Authorization of the project

a. To inform the project proposal to MEF, IPAT, MIDA, and local government to formulate

consensus on the proposed master plans. Discussions with them should cover such issues

that fund raising through the collection charges. Interfacing and incorporation with the

on-going Multiphase Program for Sustainable Development of Bocas del Toro.

b. To assist the local government to get consensus and authorization of the urban

development plan and the land-use plan.

2) Clarifying the existing situation of the private use of shore zones

a. To make a full inventory of the existing concession contracts that the AMP and APN

have been awarded on the coastal zones near the project sites;

b. Through the coordination of MEF and Local government, to make a full inventory of the

existing land titles of the shore zones near the project sites and construction permissions

issued by other agencies.

c. Trough the coordination with agencies concerned, to clarify the procedure and guide lines

of awarding new concessions and permission to use shore zones in the future.


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3) Finalizing the infrastructure development plan

a. To hold forums in Bocas del Toro and Almirante to continue discussions to get consensus

among those concerned with the tourism, transport and fishing businesses as well as the

representatives from the local governments to finalize the plan.

b. Through the discussion in the forums, to clear all the outstanding issues related to the port

development.

c. To clarify the areas that the local private firms and individuals can participate in the

project: financing and operating the passenger terminal buildings, for instance.

(3) Steps taken by the Local Port Offices of Bocas del Toro and Almirante Port

In addition to the operation and maintenance work that the local port offices are performing, the

following tasks should be carries out by the Administrators of the port offices under the

supervision of the Headquarters.

1) Coordination with the agencies concerned

The Administrators are liaisons between the Headquarters and the local offices of the various

government agencies. Being the Liaison, the Administrator should be the focal point in the

communications between the local communities and the AMP Headquarter, and all the

information of the progress in the Headquarter should be propagated to the local communities and

vice versa.

2) Regular meeting of the forum

Administrator should hold the forum regularly, to discuss outstanding issues.

12.10 Economic Analysis

12.10.1 Objective of Economic Analysis

The objective of economic analysis is to facilitate the selection of the project in order to achieve

the optimum resources allocation from the national economic point of view. For that objective,

the benefit that the project brings to the national economy and the cost to implement the project,

will be compared.

12.10.2 Flow of Economic Analysis

The economic analysis has the following five major steps;

(1) The setup of “With Project Case” and “Without Project Case”

(2) The estimation of the cost

(3) The estimation of the benefit


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(4) The conversion from market price to economic price

In order avoid the market distortion of the price, the true cost for the project (economic price)

must be estimated and used.

(5) The comparison of the cost / the benefit and the estimation of EIRR etc.

12.10.3 Standard Conversion Factor (SCF)

When the economic price is estimated at the border price level, the market price of

non-international tradable goods must be converted to the border price level by multiplying

Standard Conversion Factor (SCF).

The formula of SCF is as follows;

SCF = (M+X) / {(M + Tm) + (X – Tx + Sx)}

Where M: Import, X: Export, Tm: Import Duty, Tx: Export Tax, Sx: Export Subsidy.

In Table 12.10.1 shows the estimate of SCF for the current Panamanian economy that is 0.88.

This number will be used for all four projects.

Table 12.10.1 Standard Conversion Rate

1000 USDYear 2000 2001 2002

Import 581,770 573,584 608,296Export 771,515 809,537 775,748Import Duties 202,000 172,000 184,000Export Taxes 0 0 0Import Subsidies 0 0 0Official Exchange Rate 1 1 1

AveragedSER (Standard Exchange Rate) 1.149 1.124 1.133 1.136SCR (Standard Conversion Rate) 0.870 0.889 0.883 0.881Data Source: MEF

12.10.4 Scope of the Economic Analysis

The scope of the economic analysis covers the renovated passenger terminal and ferry terminals

at both Bocas del Toro Port and Almirante Port that have been proposed above. The economic

analysis assesses the economic viability of the project from the viewpoint of the national

economy.

12.10.5 Estimation of the Economic Cost

Table 12.10.2 summarizes the economic cost of the Bocas del Toro / Almirante Port Project over

the coming 50 years: as commonly recognized, the life of the port infrastructure is assumed to be

50 years if proper maintenance program is done.


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The domestic portion of the construction cost is multiplied by SCF in order to estimate the

economic cost (i.e. true cost to the society).Contingencies for the construction cost are estimated

at 10 percent level.

Engineering fee is expected at 10 percent for the construction cost except machine and electric

equipment.

The cost of the operation and the maintenance has been estimated to be 1% of total construction

cost.

Even with the new terminals at Bocas del Toro and Almirante Ports, the port offices of AMP do

not need additional staff members, because the actual operation of the passenger terminals are

done by private sector, most probably by the association of passenger boat operators. Therefore,

the incremental personnel cost should be zero through whole project life (2005 through 2024).

Table 12.10.2 Overall Cost and EIRR of the Bocas del Toro / Almirante Port Project

USD

Year

ForeignCurrency

Total(MarketPrice)

DomesticCurrency

Total(MarketPrice)

DomesticCurrency

Total(Economic

Price)

TotalConstruction

Cost

Contingencies

EngineeringFee

Total CapitalInvestment

Operations &Maintenance

(exceptPersonnel)

PersonnelCost

TotalO&MCost

Overall CostOverallBenefit

Net Benefit

2005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02006 0 0 0 0 0 273,757 273,757 0 0 0 273,757 0 (273,757)2007 2,689,885 1,872,739 1,648,011 4,337,896 397,169 182,505 4,917,570 0 0 0 4,917,570 0 (4,917,570)2008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 0 (45,626)2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 911,755 866,1292010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 980,214 934,5882011 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,054,610 1,008,9842012 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,135,501 1,089,8742013 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,223,498 1,177,8712014 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,319,272 1,273,6462015 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,423,561 1,377,9352016 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,537,173 1,491,5472017 227,083 158,098 139,127 366,209 0 0 366,209 45,626 0 45,626 411,835 1,660,997 1,249,1622018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,796,008 1,750,3812019 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 1,943,276 1,897,6492020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 2,103,977 2,058,3512021 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 2,279,404 2,233,7772022 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 2,470,974 2,425,3482023 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 2,680,246 2,634,6202024 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 2,908,933 2,863,3072025 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,158,915 3,113,2892026 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332027 227,083 158,098 139,127 366,209 0 0 366,209 45,626 0 45,626 411,835 3,432,259 3,020,4242028 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332029 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332030 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332031 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332032 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332033 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332034 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332035 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332036 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332037 227,083 158,098 139,127 366,209 0 0 366,209 45,626 0 45,626 411,835 3,432,259 3,020,4242038 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332039 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332040 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332041 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332042 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332043 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,6332044 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,626 0 45,626 45,626 3,432,259 3,386,633

EIRR20.74%


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12.10.6 Estimation of the Benefit

Although the project will bring economic benefit both in direct and indirect forms, only the

benefit results from the increase in the foreign tourists and in their spending are accounted.

If the current port terminals at both Bocas del Toro and Almirante would not repaired and

improved, some tourists will not come again and bad information will be disseminated. Thus,

15% the increase of foreign tourist to Bocas del Toro will be the positive result of the project.

And they are expected to spend USD 100 per person, which constitutes the economic benefit.

Tourist are expected to increase annually at ten percent level through whole study period (2005 –

2024) of foreign passengers to Bocas del Toro. But, if the current port terminals at both Bocas del

Toro and Almirante are not repaired and improved, repeaters will not increase and unfavorable

information will be dissimilated.

Thus, fifteen percent of the increase of foreign tourists to Bocas del Toro will be the positive

result of the project. And fouregn tourists are expected to spend USD 100 per person, which

constitutes the economic benefit. Table 12.10.3 summarizes the economic benefits.

Table 12.10.3 Economic Benefit of the Bocas del Toro / Almirante Port Project

Year

Number ofForeign

Passengers thruPanama City by

Air

Contribution by PortFacility

Improvement (15 %)

EconomicBenefit(USD)

Number ofForeign

Passengers thruChanginola

Contribution byPort FacilityImprovement

(105%)

EconomicBenefit(USD)

Total EconomicBenefit (USD)

2003 21,576 36,415 02004 22,439 40,056 02005 23,336 44,062 02006 24,270 48,468 02007 25,241 3,786 378,610 53,314 5,331 533,145 911,7552008 26,250 3,938 393,755 58,646 5,865 586,459 980,2142009 27,300 4,095 409,505 64,511 6,451 645,105 1,054,6102010 28,392 4,259 425,885 70,962 7,096 709,616 1,135,5012011 29,528 4,429 442,920 78,058 7,806 780,577 1,223,4982012 30,709 4,606 460,637 85,863 8,586 858,635 1,319,2722013 31,938 4,791 479,063 94,450 9,445 944,498 1,423,5612014 33,215 4,982 498,225 103,895 10,389 1,038,948 1,537,1732015 34,544 5,182 518,154 114,284 11,428 1,142,843 1,660,9972016 35,925 5,389 538,880 125,713 12,571 1,257,127 1,796,0082017 37,362 5,604 560,436 138,284 13,828 1,382,840 1,943,2762018 38,857 5,829 582,853 152,112 15,211 1,521,124 2,103,9772019 40,411 6,062 606,167 167,324 16,732 1,673,236 2,279,4042020 42,028 6,304 630,414 184,056 18,406 1,840,560 2,470,9742021 43,709 6,556 655,630 202,462 20,246 2,024,616 2,680,2462022 45,457 6,819 681,856 222,708 22,271 2,227,078 2,908,9332023 47,275 7,091 709,130 244,979 24,498 2,449,785 3,158,9152024 49,166 7,375 737,495 269,476 26,948 2,694,764 3,432,259


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12.10.7 Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR)

As Table 12.10.2 shows the estimate of EIRR for the project is 20.74 percent. The EIRR of

20.7% is well above the level 13% - 15%, which are the levels commonly employed to assess an

infrastructure project to be economically feasible.

12.11 Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

The long-term environmental effects consequent to the implementation of the master plan in

Bocas del Toro and Almirante are evaluated on preliminary basis, delineated between social

effects and other effects, so as to form the IEE (Initial Environmental Examination). The

environmental effects are principally focused on potential adverse long-term effects and their

significance and mitigation measures as appropriate. The completed provisional IEE format for

screening and checklist for scoping established by JICA is shown in Table 12.11.1 and Table

12.11.2 respectively.

(1) Social Effects

The basic facilities planned for both berthing of passenger and tourist boats and Ro-Ro ferry in

Bocas del Toro, and the passenger boats and Ro-Ro ferry in Almirante involve essentially

rehabilitation of existing damaged facilities belonging to AMP and located over coastal sea

waters both at Bocas del Toro and Almirante. Accordingly, provision of basic port facilities in

itself does not involve any land acquisition or resettlement of population including housing

compensation.

Nevertheless, the coastal road beautification plan in Bocas del Toro and other auxiliary plans of

AMP office and restaurant in Almirante that are to be located in the vicinity of the respective

passenger and ferry berth areas may involve land acquisition as well as resettlement of population,

and housing and commercial property compensation requirements. In this respect the affected

people are willing to be cooperative provided they are awarded due compensation and given

alternative suitable locations to reestablish their businesses and other activities. Accordingly, it is

concluded that potential adverse social effects consequent to the implementation of the overall

master plan is manageable and all land and property acquisition works could be accomplished in

an amicable manner with the adoption of a reasonable compensation and relocation system.

The beneficial social effects of the master plan include, in addition to the direct employment

opportunity linked to passenger, tourist boats and ferry operation, indirect employment

opportunities and economic development related to the realization of eventual tourism

development in Bocas del Toro.

(2) Other Effects

The berths for passenger and tourist boats as well as Ro-Ro ferry terminal in Bocas del Toro are

sited on coral seabed, currently. They would continue to remain the same even following the


Page 47

rehabilitation of these facilities as per this master plan. This will continue to exert some adverse

effects on the coastal coral reefs in this very limited area, an inevitable long term and somewhat

adverse effect.

Anyhow since the affected coral areas are not pristine and have been affected already for a long

time, it is assessed that any potential adverse effects due to these berthing facilities on coral

communities in the seabed is not that significant.

In fact the most significant potential long-term adverse effects consequent to the berthing of

passenger/tourist boats as well as Ro-Ro ferry is the potential sea water pollution due to improper

waste management of vessel generated wastes such as oily (bilge) wastes and garbage. In this

respect AMP as the project owner shall undertake a vigilant waste management program,

including surveillance against illegal dumping of wastes by vessels, so as not to pollute the

coastal waters of berthing areas. This requirement has particular relevance for Bocas del Toro

where tourism is the most significant development component of the master plan.


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Table 12.11.1 Format for Screening-Bocas del Toro and Almirante Master Plan

No. Environnemental Item Description Evaluation*1 Remarks (reasons)

Social Environment

1. Resettlement Resettlement due to an occupancy (transfer of rights of residence/land ownership) [Y][N][?] Resettlement may be involved

2. Economic activities Loss of bases of economic activities, such as land, and change of economic structure [Y][N][?] No significant loss is anticipated

3. Traffic and public facilities

Impacts on schools, hospitals and present traffic conditions such as the increase of traffic congestion and accidents [Y][N][?] Potential iinterference to normal

traffic due to construction traffic

4. Split of community Community split due to interruption of area traffic [Y][N][?] No effect (no split)

5. Cultural property Damage to or loss of value of churches, temples, shrines, archaeological remains or other cultural assets [Y][N][?] No known treasures, still be

verified

6. Water rights and rights of common

Obstruction of fishing rights, water rights, rights of common [Y][N][?] Some infterfernce to water vessel

traffic during construction

7. Public health condition Degeneration of public health and sanitary conditions due to generation of garbage and the increase of vermin [Y][N][?] An issue of construction site

management

8. Waste Generation of construction wastes, surplus soil and general wastes [Y][N][?] From construction site works

9. Hazards (risk) Increase in danger of landslides, cave-ins, etc. [Y][N][?] Construction safety management issue

Natural Environment

10. Topography and geology

Changes of valuable topography and geology due to excavation or filling work [Y][N][?] The plan is basically rehabilitation

11. Soil erosion Topsoil erosion by rainfall after reclamation and deforestation [Y][N][?] Surface erosion, a construction

site management issue

12. Groundwater Contamination caused by damage and filtrate water in excavation work and lowering of groundwater table due to overdraft

[Y][N][?] No effect (no interference to groundwater)

13. Hydrological situation Changes of river discharge and riverbed condition due to landfill and drainage inflow [Y][N][?] No effect on surface flow

14. Coastal zone Coastal erosion and change of vegetation due to coastal reclamation and coastal changes [Y][N][?] A constuction site management

issue

15. Fauna and flora Obstruction of breeding and extinction of species due to changes of habitat conditions [Y][N][?] Not significant as plan is small

scale

16. Meteorology Changes of temperature, precipitation, wind, etc. due to large-scale land reclamation and building construction [Y][N][?] No effect (Plan is not that large

scale)

17. Landscape Change of topography and vegetation due to reclamation. Deterioration of aesthetic harmony by structures [Y][N][?] No reclamation works

Pollution

18. Air pollution Pollution cause by exhaust gas or toxic gas from vehicles [Y][N][?] Construction vehicles

19. Water pollution Pollution cause by inflow of silt, sand and effluent from factories, etc. [Y][N][?] No dredging works

20. Soil contamination Contamination caused by dust and asphalt emulsion [Y][N][?] During construction works

21. Noise and vibration Noise and vibration generated by vehicles [Y][N][?] During construction works

22. Land subsidence Deformation of land and land subsidence due to the lowering of groundwater table [Y][N][?] No interference to groundwater

23. Offensive odor Generation of exhaust gas and offensive odor by facility construction and operations [Y][N][?] Construction works

Overall evaluation: Necessity for implementation of IEE and/or EIA [Y][N] Preliminary EIA study is

recommended

*1 Y: Yes N: No ?: Unknown (To be confirmed)


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Table 12.11.2 Checklist for Scoping-Bocas del Toro and Almirante Master Plan

No. Environmental Item Evaluation Reasons

Social Environment 1 Resettlement C Land acquisition and resettlement may be involved

2 Economic activities D The project will benefit passenger service and tourism industry (D in evaluation means no adverse effect).

3 Traffic and public facilities B Some interference of construction work and traffic with regular traffic

4 Split of community D No community split is involved

5 Cultural property C Existence of treasures is not expected, but to be verified

6 Water rights and Rights of common B Construction works interference to existing right of water vessel passage rights is

anticipated

7 Public health condition C Construction site worker related public health management

8 Waste B Generation of construction and facility operational waste

9 Hazards (risk) C Construction site safety management

Natural Environment

10 Topography and geology D No significant adverse effect is anticipated

11 Soil erosion B A construction site management issue to be taken care of

12 Groundwater D No effect since project is not related to groundwater

13 Hydrological situation D No effect since project would not interfere with surface flow characteristics

14 Coastal zone D No adverse effect is anticipated since the offshore facility plan is basically rehabilitation

15 Fauna and flora B Some short–term adverse effect during construction is anticipated

16 Meteorology C Project has no effect though meteorology may effect construction works

17 Landscape D Project design is aimed at improved landscape, beneficial effect

Pollution 18 Air pollution B Use of construction machinery, vehicles may cause air pollution

19 Water pollution B The construction works may cause some water pollution also proper facility management is required to mitigate operational water pollution

20 Soil contamination D No significant soil contamination is anticipated

21 Noise and vibration B Construction machinery and vehicles may produce noise and vibration

22 Land subsidence D No effect since project has no interference to groundwater

23 Offensive odor D There exists no significant source of offensive odor

Note 1: Evaluation categories: A: Serious impact is expected B: Some impact is expected C: Extent of impact is unknown (Examination is needed. Impacts may become clear as study progresses.). D: No impact is expected. IEE/EIA is not necessary. Note 2: The evaluation should be made with reference to the “explanation of item” (Table 4-5)

12.12 Recommendations on Regional Economic Development

Once again, the development of Bocas del Toro Port is not merely the infrastructure development.

The port development plan should be interfaced with the city plan. It is very important for AMP

to consult with the local port users and other government agencies including local government, at

various stages of the project. Especially, the operation and management scheme of the passenger

terminal should be acceptable one by the boat operators.


Page 50

While AMP carries out the project, it should establish a policy and guidelines in the issuance of

the permission of constructing structures in coastal zones. The policy and guidelines should be in

line with the city development plan and should also require the coordination with other agencies

concerned with coastal zone management.

The passenger terminal building is intended to provide the spaces for commercial activities such

as ticketing, restaurant and shops. The detail plan and design of the building should be elaborated

by a collective work between public and private

Since both Bocas del Toro and Almirante Port lack passenger facilities and the upgrading the

safety and improvement of the port amenity are urgent to attract more tourists, the project should

be implemented soon. Taking into consideration of the scale of the project, the whole plan should

be implemented in one package.

The development plan should be finalized as the collective work among those concerned with the

tourism and port related businesses. Thus, AMP has to take action immediately.

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