Fountain of Neptune, BolognaThe Fountain of Neptune (Italian: Fontana di Nettuno)is a monumental civic fountain located in the eponymoussquare, Piazza del Nettuno, next to Piazza Maggiore, inBologna, Italy[1] Its bronze gure of Neptune, extendinghis reach in a lordly gesture of stilling and controllingthe waters, is an early work by Giambologna, completedabout 1567.[2]Detail with a lactating nereid.Aninnovationof Giambolognas fountaindesigns isthe fantastic and non-geometrical forms he gave to thebasins intowhichwater splashedandowed, curi-ously folded, bulging and elastic in form, as RosalindGrippi remarked.[3] The fountain is a model example ofMannerist taste of the courtly elite in the mid-sixteenthcentury: construction of the statue was commissionedby the Cardinal Legate of the city, Charles Borromeo,to symbolize the fortunate recent election of Borromeosuncle as Pope Pius IV.The workwas designedbythe PalermitanarchitectTommaso Laureti in 1563, with an over-lifesize bronze ofthe god Neptune on the top, executed by Giambologna,who had submitted a model for the fountain of Nep-tune in Florence, but had lost the commission to BaccioBandinelli. Before the fountain was built, an entire edi-ce was demolished to make space for it. The fountainwas completed in 1565,[4] and the Neptune was xed inplace within a couple of years.The logo of the Maserati car company is based on the tri-dent in this Neptune statue. In 1920 one of the Maseratibrothers, the artist Mario Maserati, used this symbol inthe logo at the suggestion of family friend Marquis Diegode Sterlich. It was considered particularly appropriate forthe sports car company due to fact that Neptune repre-sents strength and vigor; additionally the statue is a char-acteristic symbol of the companys original home city.[5]1 See alsoFountain of Neptune, FlorenceNeptuneMythology2 References[1] Theurbanistichistoryandquasi-political characteroftheseinterrelatedcivicspaces andstructures express-ingconictingconnotations of papal andcommunal-republican instruments of government are discussed inNaomi Miller, Renaissance Bologna: A Study in Architec-tural Form and Content (University of Kansas) 1989.[2] Date in Charles Avery, Giambologna (1987); a descrip-tion of the fountain appears in the second edition (1568)of Giorgio Vasari's Vite; a collection of essays on the con-servation undertaken in the 1980s on the Neptune foun-tain, Il Nettuno del Giambologna: storia e restauro (Milan)1989, contains an essay by Richard Tittle on the contractsfor it, of 1563, and one by Giancarlo Roversi on its impacton public life in Bologna and changing attitudes towardsits display of nudity.[3] Rosalind Grippi, A Sixteenth Century BozzettoTheArt Bulletin 38.3 (September 1956:143-147) p. 146; thebozzetto Grippi was discussing was not related to the foun-tain.[4] Documents in the State Archives in Bologna were usedby W. Gramberg, Giambologna, eine Untersuchung berseine Wanderjhre (Berlin) 1936.[5] http://www.maserati100.com/history/timeline.html12 3 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES3 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses3.1 Text Fountain of Neptune, Bologna Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_of_Neptune%2C_Bologna?oldid=616967439 Contribu-tors: Wetman, Popolon, Rjwilmsi, Jpbowen, Attilios, CARAVAGGISTI, Marek69, Pconlon, The Anomebot2, TUFOWKTM, TIY, Addbot,Mephiston999, LucienBOT, , Riggr Mortis, Rococo1700, Hmainsbot1, Giorgi Balakhadze and Anonymous: 13.2 Images File:1054_-_Bologna_-_Fontana_del_Nettuno_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall'Orto,_9-Feb-2008.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/1054_-_Bologna_-_Fontana_del_Nettuno_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_9-Feb-2008.jpg License:Attribution Contributors: Own work Original artist: Giovanni Dall'Orto File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Originalartist: ? File:Flag_of_Italy.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg License: PD Contributors: ?Originalartist: ?3.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0