foundations of silicon valley james c. williams emeritus professor, de anza college
TRANSCRIPT
Foundations of Foundations of Silicon ValleySilicon Valley
James C. WilliamsJames C. Williams
Emeritus Professor, De Anza CollegeEmeritus Professor, De Anza College
Colonial California and the Colonial California and the origins of the Bay Area’s origins of the Bay Area’s
electronics industryelectronics industry
• California electric power
* absence of coal
* hydraulic engineering
* development of hydroelectricity and long-distance, high-tension power transmission
Technical organizationsTechnical organizations
• Technical Society of the Pacific Coast (1884)
• Pacific Coast Electric Transmission Association (1897)
• The Journal of Electricity (1895)
• A regional community of professional discourse
Education in ElectricityEducation in Electricity
• A. Van der Naillen's School of Practical Engineering and Heald's College (1890)
• University of California and Clarence L. Cory (1892)• Stanford University (1891) hired Albert P. Carmen, Princeton (1892)
Frederic Auten Combs Perrine Frederic Auten Combs Perrine (1862-1908)(1862-1908)
• Hired by Stanford in 1893 to teach electrical engineering, staying until 1900
• Edited The Journal of Electricity and Electrical Engineering (1895-1898)
• Chief Engineer, Standard Electric Power Company (1898-1900)
• President, Stanley Electrical Mfg. Company, Massachusetts (1900-1904)
Electra Powerhouse, 1899
Harris J. Ryan (1866-1934)Harris J. Ryan (1866-1934)
In 1905, Perrine in finally replaced by Ryan, the east coast’s best known researcher in electric transmission
• Ryan continues Perrine's close ties to power companies
• Brings high voltage labs to Stanford
1913
1926
• By 1914, California led the world in long-distance, high-tension transmission systems and maintained that leadership well into the 1920s
Frank George Baum (1870-1932)Frank George Baum (1870-1932)
• E.E. degree from Stanford, 1899
• Took over for Perrine and ran the EE program from 1898-1903
• Transmission and hydro chief at PG&E until 1923
• Patented “constant potential electric transmission system”
• In 1922, oversaw construction of the first 220,000 volt transmission line
• National Superpower proposed in Atlas of the U.S.A. Electric Power Industry (1923)
Wireless in the Bay AreaWireless in the Bay Area
• San Francisco Bay navigation hazards – fog and the Golden Gate
• Guglielmo
Marconi invents
the wireless in
1897
Cyril F. Elwell (1884-1963)Cyril F. Elwell (1884-1963)
• Ryan student at Stanford, 1907
• Works on wireless of Francis McCarty
• Demonstrates it in Palo Alto in 1908
• Elwell wires Vladimir Poulsen (1869- 1942) in Copenhagen
• Elwell buys Poulsen wireless rights
• David Starr Jordon, Charles D. Marx and John Casper Branner provide capital
• Demonstrations attract San Francisco investors
• Federal Telegraph Co. locates in Palo Alto in 1911
• Elwell organizes
a radio research
team headed by
Lee de Forest
(1873-1961)
Communities of interestCommunities of interest
• Federal Telegraph Co.’s spin-offs
The Radio Research Team
L-R: Douglas Perham Peter V. Jensen F. Albertus
• Commercial Wireless
Development Co (1910)
became Magnovox
• Fisher Research Labs
(metal detectors and
navigation aids)
• Litton Engineering
Laboratories (vacuum
tubes and tube production equipment)
Pridhim and Jensen
Other Bay Area companiesOther Bay Area companies
• Heintz and Kaufman (shortwave radio communications)
• Eitel and McCullough (radio tubes) … a spin-off from Heintz and Kaufman• Philo Farnsworth (television)
ConclusionConclusion
Geographic and economic
conditionsCommunities of
technical interest
University and industry cooperation
Regional capital and
investment
Electric power development
Radio
communications